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TROPICAL CYCLONE BULLETIN NR. 18
Tropical Storm #RamilPH (FENGSHEN)
Issued at 2:00 PM, 19 October 2025
Valid for broadcast until the next bulletin at 5:00 PM today.
"RAMIL" MAINTAINS ITS STRENGTH AND IS ABOUT TO EXIT THE LUZON LANDMASS.

Location of Center (1:00 PM):
The center of Tropical Storm RAMIL was estimated based on all available data in the vicinity of Olongapo City, Zambales (14.9°N, 120.3°E).

Intensity:
Maximum sustained winds of 65 km/h near the center, gustiness of up to 90 km/h, and central pressure of 998 hPa

Present Movement:
West northwestward at 15 km/h

Extent of Tropical Cyclone Winds:
Strong to gale-force winds extend outwards up to 430 km from the center

TROPICAL CYCLONE WIND SIGNALS (TCWS) IN EFFECT
TCWS No. 2 Visayas Mindanao
Wind threat: Gale-force winds
Warning lead time: 24 hours
Range of wind speeds: 62 to 88 km/h (Beaufort 8 to 9)
Potential impacts of winds: Minor to moderate threat to life and property

Luzon:
The central and southern portions of Benguet (Itogon, Bokod, Atok, Kapangan, Tublay, La Trinidad, Baguio City, Tuba, Sablan), the central and southern portions of   La Union (Rosario, Pugo, Tubao, Santo Tomas, Agoo, Aringay, Caba, Naguilian, Burgos, Bagulin, Bauang, City of San Fernando, San Juan, San Gabriel, Bacnotan, Santol, Balaoan, Luna),  Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Tarlac, Pampanga, Zambales, the northern portion of Bataan (Dinalupihan, Hermosa, Orani, Samal, Abucay, Morong, Pilar, City of Balanga), the northern and central portions of Metro Manila (Caloocan City, Quezon City, City of Valenzuela, City of Marikina, City of Malabon, City of Navotas, City of Pasig, City of San Juan, City of Mandaluyong, City of Manila, City of Makati, Pateros, Taguig City, Pasay City, City of Parañaque), and the northern and western portions of Rizal ( Rodriguez, Teresa, City of Antipolo, San Mateo, Taytay, Cainta, Angono)

TCWS No. 1
Wind threat: Strong winds
Warning lead time: 36 hours
Range of wind speeds: 39 to 61 km/h (Beaufort 6 to 7)
Potential impacts of winds: Minimal to minor threat to life and property

Luzon:
Cagayan including Babuyan Islands, Isabela, Quirino, Nueva Vizcaya, Apayao, Abra, Kalinga, Mountain Province, Ifugao, the rest of Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, the rest of La Union, Aurora, the rest of Bataan, the rest of Metro Manila, Quezon including Polillo Islands, Laguna, #Cavite, Batangas, the rest of Rizal, Occidental Mindoro including Lubang Islands, Oriental Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon, Camarines Norte, the western portion of Camarines Sur ( Del Gallego, Ragay, Lupi, Sipocot, Libmanan, Cabusao, Pasacao, Pamplona), and Burias Island

OTHER HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND AREAS

Heavy Rainfall Outlook
Refer to Weather Advisory No. 10 issued at 11:00 AM today for the heavy rainfall outlook due to RAMIL.

Severe Winds

The wind signals warn the public of the general wind threat over an area due to the tropical cyclone. Local winds may be slightly stronger/enhanced in coastal and upland/mountainous areas exposed to winds. Winds are less strong in areas sheltered from the prevailing wind direction.

• Minor to moderate impacts from gale-force winds are possible within any of the localities where Wind Signal No. 2 is hoisted

• Minimal to minor impacts from strong winds are possible within any of the areas under Wind Signal No. 1.

Furthermore, the trough and outer rainbands of RAMIL and the easterlies will also bring strong to gale-force gusts over the following areas not under Wind Signal (especially in coastal and upland areas exposed to winds):

• Today: Caluya Islands, Bicol Region, and Eastern Visayas

• Tomorrow (20 October): Central Luzon, Metro Manila, CALABARZON, Marinduque, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, and Catanduanes.

Coastal Inundation

There is a minimal to moderate risk of storm surge with peak heights of 1.0 to 2.0 m within 24 hours over the low-lying or exposed coastal localities Ilocos Sur, La Union, Pangasinan, Zambales, Bataan, Batangas, Cavite, and Occidental Mindoro. Refer to Storm Surge Warning No. 10 issued at 2:00 PM today for the details.

HAZARDS AFFECTING COASTAL WATERS

Gale Warning is in effect over the eastern and western seaboards of Luzon. Refer to Gale Warning No. 4 issued at 5:00 AM today.

24-Hour Sea Condition Outlook

Up to very rough seas over the following coastal waters:
• Up to 4.5 m; the western seaboards of Pangasinan, Zambales, Bataan, and Batangas; the northwestern seaboard of Occidental Mindoro including Lubang Island

• Sea travel is risky for all types or tonnage of vessels. All mariners must remain in port or, if underway, seek shelter or safe harbor as soon as possible until winds and waves subside.

Up to rough seas over the following coastal waters:

• Up to 3.5 m: : The seaboards of Isabela, Aurora, Camarines Norte, Metro Manila, and Polillo Islands; the northern seaboards of Camarines Sur; the northern and eastern seaboards of Catanduanes; the northern seaboards of mainland Quezon; the eastern seaboard of mainland Cagayan

• Up to 3.0 m: The seaboards of Batanes; the remaining seaboards of mainland Cagayan and Babuyan Islands; the seaboards of Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur; the eastern seaboards of Albay and Sorsogon

• Mariners of small seacrafts, including all types of motorbancas, are advised not to venture out to sea under these conditions, especially if inexperienced of operating ill-equipped vessels.

Up to moderate seas over the following coastal waters:
• Up to 2.5 m: The seaboard of La Union; the remaining seaboards of Pangasinan and Quezon.

• Up to 2.0 m: The seaboard of Marinduque; the remaining seaboards of Bicol Region; the northern and eastern seaboards of Northern Samar.

Mariners of motorbancas and similarly sized vessels are advised to take precautionary measures while venturing out to sea and, if possible, avoid navigation under these conditions.

TRACK AND INTENSITY OUTLOOK
• It must be emphasized that heavy rainfall, severe winds, and storm surge may still be experienced in localities outside the landfall point and the forecast confidence cone. Refer to "Other Hazards affecting Land Areas" for more details. Furthermore, the track may still shift within the limit of the forecast confidence cone.

• On the forecast track, RAMIL will continue moving west northwestward or northwestward as it traverses the Central Luzon landmass before emerging over the coastal waters of Zambales this afternoon. It is forecast to exit the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) tomorrow (20 October) morning.

• During its passage over the landmass, RAMIL is expected to maintain its strength or slightly weaken due to frictional effects of mountainous terrain. Once over the West Philippine Sea, further re-intensification is highly likely, with RAMIL expected to reach severe tropical storm category while outside the PAR Region.

Considering these developments, the public and disaster risk reduction and management offices concerned are advised to take all necessary measures to protect life and property. Persons living in areas identified to be highly or very highly susceptible to these hazards are advised to follow evacuation and other instructions from local officials. For heavy rainfall warnings, thunderstorm/rainfall advisories, and other severe weather information specific to your area, please monitor products issued by your local PAGASA Regional Services Division.

The next tropical cyclone bulletin will be issued at 5:00 PM today.

Source: DOST-PAGASA

#MulaSaBayanParaSaBayan
#OPDRRMO

TROPICAL CYCLONE BULLETIN No. 13
Tropical Storm #RamilPH (FENGSHEN)
Issued at 11:00 PM, 18 Oct 2025
Valid until 2:00 AM, 19 Oct 2025

RAMIL MAINTAINS STRENGTH WHILE MOVING NORTHWEST OVER MAINLAND BICOL.

📍 Location (10:00 PM): Calabanga, Camarines Sur (13.7°N, 123.2°E)
💨 Winds: 65 km/h near center, gusts up to 110 km/h
🌀 Movement: NW at 25 km/h
🌊 Wind radius: Up to 400 km from center

TCWS No. 2

Luzon: The southeastern portion of Isabela (Dinapigue), the southeastern portion of Quirino (Nagtipunan, Maddela, Aglipay), ), the central and southern portions of Nueva Vizcaya (Alfonso Castañeda, Dupax del Sur, Dupax del Norte, Bambang, Aritao, Kayapa, Santa Fe, Kasibu), the central and southern portions of Benguet (Itogon, Bokod, Atok, Kapangan, Tublay, La Trinidad, Baguio City, Tuba, Sablan), the central and southern portions of La Union (Rosario, Pugo, Tubao, Santo Tomas, Agoo, Aringay, Caba, Naguilian, Burgos, Bagulin, Bauang, City of San Fernando, San Juan, San Gabriel, Bacnotan, Santol, Balaoan, Luna), the eastern portion of Pangasinan (San Nicolas, Natividad, San Quintin, Umingan, Balungao, Santa Maria, Tayug, San Manuel, Asingan, Sison, Pozorrubio, Binalonan, San Fabian, San Jacinto, Laoac, Manaoag, City of Urdaneta, Rosales, Villasis), Aurora, the eastern portion of Nueva Ecija (Talavera, Rizal, Laur, Llanera, Pantabangan, Science City of Muñoz, Palayan City, Gabaldon, General Mamerto Natividad, Carranglan, General Tinio, San Jose City, Lupao, Bongabon, Talugtug), the northern portion of Quezon (General Nakar) including Polillo Islands, Camarines Norte, Catanduanes, the northern and eastern portions of Camarines Sur (Tinambac, Siruma, Goa, San Jose, Lagonoy, Garchitorena, Caramoan, Presentacion, Sagñay, Tigaon), the eastern portion of Albay (Rapu-Rapu, Bacacay, City of Tabaco, Malilipot, Santo Domingo, Manito, Tiwi, Malinao), and the northeastern portion of Sorsogon (Prieto Diaz, City of Sorsogon)

TCWS No. 1

Luzon: Cagayan including Babuyan Islands, the rest of Isabela, the rest of Quirino, the rest of Nueva Vizcaya, Apayao, Abra, Kalinga, Mountain Province, Ifugao, the rest of Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, the rest of La Union, the rest of Pangasinan, the rest of Nueva Ecija, the eastern portion of Bulacan (Doña Remedios Trinidad, Norzagaray, San Miguel, San Ildefonso, San Rafael, Angat), the eastern portion of Tarlac (Camiling, San Clemente, Santa Ignacia, Paniqui, Moncada, San Manuel, Anao, Ramos, Pura, Victoria, City of Tarlac, La Paz, Concepcion, Gerona), the eastern portion of Pampanga (Magalang, Arayat, Candaba), the northern and eastern portions of Quezon (Tagkawayan, Perez, Alabat, Quezon, Atimonan, Padre Burgos, Unisan, Gumaca, Plaridel, Agdangan, Pagbilao, Mauban, Calauag, Guinayangan, Lopez, Pitogo, Macalelon, General Luna, Catanauan, San Narciso, Buenavista, San Francisco, San Andres, Mulanay, General Nakar, Infanta, Real, Sampaloc), the eastern portion of Rizal (Rodriguez, Tanay, Baras, City of Antipolo), the northeastern portion of Laguna (Santa Maria, Siniloan, Famy, Pangil, Pakil, Mabitac, Paete, Kalayaan, Lumban), the rest of Camarines Sur, the rest of Albay, the rest of Sorsogon, Burias Island, and Ticao Island

Visayas: Northern Samar, the northern portion of Eastern Samar (Jipapad, San Policarpo, Oras, Arteche, Maslog), and the northern portion of Samar (Matuguinao, Calbayog City, Gandara, Santa Margarita, Pagsanghan, Tagapul-An, Almagro, Santo Niño, San Jose de Buan)

⚠️ Hazards:

Heavy rains and flooding (see Weather Advisory No.

Storm surge 1–2 m possible in coastal areas of Northern and Central Luzon, Bicol, and Marinduque

Rough to very rough seas (up to 4.5 m); sea travel risky

📍 Forecast:
Ramil will move across Bicol tonight, pass near Polillo Islands early tomorrow, and make landfall in Aurora or nearby areas by morning or noon, then cross Northern Luzon and exit PAR by Monday morning.

🔺 Slight strengthening possible before landfall.
Public and local DRRMCs are advised to take all precautionary measures.

🕑 Next bulletin: 2:00 AM, 19 Oct 2025
Source: DOST-PAGASA

#IntegratedStateMedia
#ISM

Burj Khalifa stands at 828 meters (2,717 feet) and has more than 160 floors. The exterior of the building is covered with approximately 120,000 square meters (1.29 million sq ft) of cladding made up of reflective glazing, aluminum, and textured stainless steel panels.

To maintain the pristine appearance of this massive glass facade, 24,000 individual glass panels need to be regularly cleaned.

According to Emaar Properties, the developer of the tower, a team of 36 highly trained window cleaners are employed for this monumental task.

These cleaners work using specialized telescopic and mechanical equipment, including track-mounted platforms and ropes, to access the glass surfaces, which are often curved or positioned at steep angles.

Each cleaning cycle around the building's entire exterior takes roughly three months, depending on weather conditions like sandstorms and high winds.

Because Dubai's desert environment leads to rapid accumulation of dust and dirt, this cleaning process is repeated four times annually — essentially meaning the cleaning team is almost always working.

The cleaning process is a logistical feat in itself, requiring intense coordination, adherence to safety protocols, and technical skill, especially given the height and curvature of the structure.

#fblifestyle

Critical Cyclone Track Chart
Date: 17 October 2025 (Friday)
Time Issued: 05:00 AM
Tropical Depression  #RamilPH

ALERT LEVEL Bravo (Orange): 300 KM Diameter
(Radius: 150 KM North / 150 KM South) from the forecast track 
WINDS: Up to 75 km/h
Rainfall: Heavy to intense rains

23 PROVINCES:
Abra
Albay
Apayao
Aurora
Benguet
Bulacan
Cagayan
Camarines Norte
Camarines Sur
Catanduanes
Ifugao
Ilocos Norte
Ilocos Sur
Isabela
Kalinga
La Union
Mountain Province
Nueva Ecija
Nueva Vizcaya
Pangasinan
Quezon
Quirino
Tarlac

ALERT LEVEL ALPHA (Yellow): 600KM Diameter
(Radius: 250 KM North / 350 KM South) from the forecast track 
WINDS: Up to 55 km/h
Rainfall:  Moderate to heavy rains

21 PROVINCES:
Bataan
Batangas
Biliran
Cavite
Cebu
Eastern Samar
Iloilo
Laguna
Leyte
Marinduque
Masbate
Metro Manila
Northern Samar
Occidental Mindoro
Oriental Mindoro
Pampanga
Rizal
Romblon
Samar
Sorsogon
Zambales

Maging #LISTO

Operation L!STO Manual for Typhoon Link:
http://bit.ly/LISTO_Manual_v3

Operation L!STO Manual for Localized Weather Disturbances Link:
bit.ly/LISTO_Manual_LWD

Operation L!STO on Protocol for the Management of Emerging Infectious Disease Manual Link:
http://bit.ly/LISTO_MEID_v1

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Dennis Ritchie quietly built the digital world — then watched as almost no one outside of computer science even knew his name.
In October 2011, news broke that Steve Jobs had died. The internet mourned, timelines flooded with tributes. But just a week later, another giant passed away in near silence — Dennis Ritchie, the man who gave every tech visionary the language to even begin.
No stadium lights, no product launches, no TED Talks. Just a quiet obituary: "Dennis Ritchie, creator of the C programming language, co-creator of Unix, dies at 70."
To most people, that sounded technical — forgettable. But to anyone who's ever touched a computer, it was like saying the man who invented electricity had died.
In the early 1970s, working out of Bell Labs, Ritchie helped build Unix, a minimalist, elegant operating system that became the DNA of everything — from macOS and Linux to Android and the servers that run the entire internet. Alongside that, he created C, the programming language that would go on to father every major language we use today: C++, Java, Python, and beyond.
In other words — if Jobs built the gadgets, Ritchie built the laws of physics they run on.
Yet Ritchie never sought fame or money. He wore flannel, drank coffee from paper cups, and spoke so softly that even his peers leaned in to hear him. When Bell Labs nominated him for awards, he often skipped the ceremonies. He once told a colleague, "I'm not into big statements. I just like things that work."
The hidden story — the one few outside of his circle ever heard — was how profoundly modest he was. When the world's tech billionaires were selling dreams, Ritchie was debugging reality. He believed in simplicity, not spectacle. His personal life was private to the point of mystery. No scandals, no empires, no brand. Just clean code — and a quiet belief that clarity was a moral duty.
Even his death reflected who he was: unnoticed, understated, and utterly foundational. A few engineers tried to rally tributes online with the message, "Ritchie's code runs your world." But by then, the world had already moved on to flashier innovators.
Ken Thompson, his longtime collaborator, once said, "What Dennis did is everywhere — invisible, because it works so well."
That's the paradox of Ritchie's life: his brilliance was too pure for fame. He created the tools everyone else used to change the world, and then stepped aside, satisfied to have built something permanent.
If the tech revolution were a cathedral, Steve Jobs carved its stained glass, Bill Gates built its business, and Mark Zuckerberg sold tickets at the door. But Dennis Ritchie? He designed the stone.
And long after the lights fade, his work — unseen, quiet, and immortal — will still be holding it all up.

Lifting weights releases myokines, signaling proteins produced by muscle cells, which have beneficial effects on inflammation, blood sugar regulation and brain health.

Myokines act as messengers, communicating between muscles and other organs, impacting various bodily functions.

Myokines are released during muscle contractions when weight training and play a crucial role in mediating the positive effects of exercise.

Myokines, particularly IL-6, have been shown to reduce inflammation, both acute inflammation and chronic low-grade inflammation associated with physical inactivity, aging or metabolic disorders.

Additionally, myokines, including IL-6 and irisin, can improve glucose uptake in muscle, enhance insulin sensitivity, and regulate glucose metabolism in the liver and pancreas.

Some myokines, like FGF21, can cross the blood-brain barrier and have been shown to improve cognitive performance, reduce inflammation and help protect against neurodegenerative diseases.

PMID: 39376657

Trauma doesn't just affect the mind emotionally, it leaves a lasting mark on the brain itself. Research in neuroscience has shown that experiences of extreme stress, abuse, or prolonged trauma can actually shrink certain regions of the brain, particularly the hippocampus, which plays a crucial role in memory, learning, and emotional regulation. Chronic stress and trauma can also impact the prefrontal cortex, the area responsible for decision-making and self-control, and enlarge the amygdala, the brain's fear center, making it more reactive to perceived threats.

The good news is that the brain is remarkably resilient. Neuroscientists have found that regular physical exercise can promote neurogenesis, the creation of new neurons, especially in the hippocampus. Exercise increases blood flow, delivers more oxygen, and triggers the release of growth factors that help repair and regenerate brain tissue. Activities like aerobic exercise, running, swimming, and even brisk walking have been linked to improvements in memory, focus, and emotional resilience.

Beyond rebuilding brain structure, exercise also enhances mood by regulating stress hormones like cortisol and increasing the production of endorphins and neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine. This not only helps counteract the negative impacts of trauma but also improves overall mental health and cognitive function. Even short, consistent sessions of physical activity can produce measurable changes in the brain over time, demonstrating that recovery is possible and achievable.

These findings underscore a powerful message: while trauma can leave lasting imprints, the brain is not permanently damaged. With conscious effort, lifestyle changes, and the support of therapeutic practices such as EFT and Matrix Reimprinting individuals can restore and even strengthen their neural pathways. Exercise is a scientifically proven, accessible, and effective tool to reclaim cognitive health and emotional balance.

Understanding how trauma affects the brain and how to counteract it, is crucial for mental health awareness. By combining movement, mindfulness, and support systems, we can help the brain heal, grow, and thrive, proving that recovery is both biological and achievable.

#BrainHealth #TraumaRecovery #Neuroscience #eft #matrixreimprinting #tappingtherapy #tapping

PRESS RELEASE
October 13, 2025

Cayetano extends sympathy to disaster victims, renews call for stronger emergency response

Senate Minority Leader Alan Peter Cayetano expressed deep sympathy for disaster victims and urged the swift passage of Senate Bill No. 105 which he filed to create an Emergency Response Department (ERD), saying lives depend on stronger protection in times of crisis.

"Let us come together in prayer and solidarity with our kababayan. Disasters do not choose time and place, at ang Pilipinas ay isa sa pinaka-vulnerable sa mga sakuna. That's why it's our shared duty to prepare, be vigilant, and to always put the safety and welfare of every Filipino first," Cayetano said in a statement.

"Big hug sa mga taga Quezon. Of course po, prayers pa rin po sa mga taga Mindanao, lalo po Davao area at lahat po ng area na tinamaan ng earthquake sa Cebu, doon sa reeling pa sa ating mga bagyo," he added.

This followed a series of powerful earthquakes in recent days. Most recently, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake struck Surigao del Sur at 10:32 PM on October 11, just hours after a magnitude 5.0 earthquake struck Cabangan, Zambales at 5:32 PM the same day. A day earlier, on October 10, Davao Oriental was rocked by massive tremors measuring magnitude 7.4 and 6.8. Prior to that, on October 9, a magnitude 4.8 quake was recorded in La Union.

Just a week earlier, Cebu and parts of Visayas were rocked by a magnitude 6.9 earthquake on September 30. Weeks priori, the combined effects of the southwest monsoon (habagat) and three tropical cyclones—Mirasol, Nando, and Opong—left at least 26 people dead and nearly 2.8 million affected across the country.

Unified agency

Cayetano, who has consistently emphasized disaster preparedness and community resilience,  said the recent disasters highlight the urgency of creating a stronger and centralized emergency response system.

He noted that the steep cost of calamities, both in lives and in economic losses, demands institutional reform through the establishment of a unified emergency response agency.

"From 2018 to 2022, disasters and incidents caused by natural hazards caused P226 billion worth of damage and losses. In 2023 alone, natural hazards caused P24.49 billion in total damages," he said.

Cayetano stressed that better coordination and preparedness are not only about saving lives but also about avoiding billions in wasted resources that the government spends on relief and rehabilitation after every calamity.

The senator described his proposed measure as a "science-based, people-centered" institution that would oversee disaster preparedness, response, and recovery in a unified manner.

It would also absorb key functions such as the 911 Nationwide Emergency Hotline system to ensure faster coordination and response.

"We may not be able to stop disasters, but we can empower ourselves with knowledge, training, education, equipment, tools, and the right infrastructure to cope with disasters so many lives would not be lost and there would be less devastation," he said.

He added that while the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) has hardworking personnel, its current structure limits the speed and coordination of disaster response.

"God forbid that the 'Big One' hits Metro Manila, and it can also hit Mindanao, Metro Cebu, or Baguio City. Not only should we consider the preparedness," he said.

"We can't have an ad-hoc response to disasters every time. We have to have one department in charge of this and systems in place para ready to respond tayo lagi," he added.

The senator's statement also comes ahead of the International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction (IDDRR) on October 13, which serves as a global reminder to strengthen preparedness, improve early warning systems, and build resilience against disasters.###

Cayetano, nakikiramay sa mga biktima ng kalamidad; nanawagan ng mas matatag na emergency response

Nagpahayag si Senate Minority Leader Alan Peter Cayetano ng taos-pusong pakikiramay sa mga biktima ng mga kalamidad at muling nanawagan ng agarang pagpasa ng Senate Bill No. 105 na ipinanukala niya para sa paglikha ng Emergency Response Department (ERD), dahil buhay ang nakataya sa mas matibay na proteksyon sa panahon ng kalamidad.

"Let us come together in prayer and solidarity with our kababayan. Disasters do not choose time and place, at ang Pilipinas ay isa sa pinaka-vulnerable sa mga sakuna. That's why it's our shared duty to prepare, be vigilant, and to always put the safety and welfare of every Filipino first," sabi ni Cayetano.

"Big hug sa mga taga Quezon. Of course po, prayers pa rin po sa mga taga Mindanao, lalo po Davao area at lahat po ng area na tinamaan ng earthquake sa Cebu, doon sa reeling pa sa ating mga bagyo," dagdag niya.

Kasunod ito ng sunod-sunod na malalakas na lindol nitong mga nakaraang araw. Pinakahuli lang nitong October 11, kung saan niyanig ng may lakas na 6.2 ang Surigao del Sur bandang 10:32 ng gabi, ilang oras matapos ang 5.0 na lindol sa Cabangan, Zambales sa ganap na 5:32 ng hapon. Noong October 10, niyanig ang Davao Oriental ng napakalakas na 7.4 at 6.8 na lindol. Noong October 9, naitala rin ang 4.8 na lindol sa La Union.

Unang niyanig ang Cebu at ilang parte ng Visayas ng isang magnitude 6.9 na lindol noong September 30. Ilang linggo bago ang mga lindol, tinamaan din ang bansa ng habagat at tatlong bagyo—Mirasol, Nando, at Opong—na nagresulta sa pagkasawi ng hindi bababa sa 26 katao at pag-apekto sa halos 2.8 milyong Pilipino.

Matatag at sentralisadong sistema

Ayon kay Cayetano, matagal na niyang isinusulong ang pagpapalakas ng paghahanda at katatagan ng mga komunidad laban sa sakuna.

Aniya, ipinapakita ng mga nagdaang kalamidad ang pangangailangan ng isang mas matatag at sentralisadong sistema para sa emergency response.

Binanggit din niya na ang laki ng pinsalang dulot ng mga kalamidad—sa buhay at sa ekonomiya — ay dapat tugunan sa pamamagitan ng reporma sa sistema.

"From 2018 to 2022, disasters and incidents caused by natural hazards caused P226 billion worth of damage and losses. In 2023 alone, natural hazards caused P24.49 billion in total damages," sabi ng senador.

Giit ni Cayetano, ang mas maayos na koordinasyon at paghahanda ay hindi lang tungkol sa pagsagip ng buhay, kundi pati sa pag-iwas sa bilyon-bilyong pisong gastos sa relief at rehabilitasyon pagkatapos ng bawat sakuna.

Inilarawan niya ang kanyang panukalang batas bilang isang "science-based, people-centered" na institusyon na mangunguna sa disaster preparedness, response, at recovery sa iisang sistema.

Sasaklawin din umano ng ahensiya ang mga pangunahing tungkulin gaya ng 911 Nationwide Emergency Hotline system upang mapabilis ang koordinasyon at tugon sa mga emergency.

"We may not be able to stop disasters, but we can empower ourselves with knowledge, training, education, equipment, tools, and the right infrastructure to cope with disasters so many lives would not be lost and there would be less devastation," sabi niya.

Dagdag pa ni Cayetano, bagaman masisipag ang mga tauhan ng National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC), limitado ang bilis at lawak ng kanilang koordinasyon dahil sa kasalukuyang estruktura nito.

"God forbid that the 'Big One' hits Metro Manila, and it can also hit Mindanao, Metro Cebu, or Baguio City. Not only should we consider the preparedness," aniya.

"We can't have an ad-hoc response to disasters every time. We have to have one department in charge of this and systems in place para ready to respond tayo lagi," dagdag pa ng senador.

Ang pahayag ni Cayetano ay kasabay ng pagdiriwang ng International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction (IDDRR) sa October 13, na layuning paigtingin ang kahandaan, palakasin ang early warning systems, at itaguyod ang katatagan ng mga komunidad laban sa mga sakuna. ###

Your brain is a pattern machine, and it's terrifyingly efficient. With approximately 86 billion neurons wired for one core purpose, efficiency, it doesn't just record what you think. It reinforces it.

Every time you have a thought, your neurons fire along a specific pathway. Repeat that thought again... and again... and your brain starts laying down mental "pavement." It gets faster, smoother, and easier to access. Over time, what started as a passing idea becomes your default setting, a habit of thought.

Think "I'm not good enough" every day? That wire gets stronger. Think "I've got this" daily? That one does too. The more a thought fires, the more it rewires. Your mind isn't just a mirror, it's a builder, constantly reinforcing the bricks you hand it.

That's why changing your mindset feels hard at first. You're literally asking your brain to build new roads. The old routes are smooth and automatic. But with conscious repetition, affirmations, visualizations, reframing, you can reprogram your own mental highways.

This isn't fluff. It's neuroscience. Your thoughts become easier not because they're true, but because they're familiar. And the brain loves familiar.

So be intentional. Choose your thoughts like you choose your fuel. Because your brain isn't just listening, it's wiring your future around them.

Repeat negativity and it becomes your cage. Repeat belief, gratitude, or strength, and those thoughts become your power.

You're not stuck. You're just practiced. Time to practice better.

EFT (Emotional Freedom Techniques) and Matrix Reimprinting not only address emotional healing but also play a crucial role in fostering positive neural networks in the brain. When individuals tap through EFT, they effectively diminish the intensity of negative emotions tied to specific memories, creating a sense of calm and safety.

This emotional release paves the way for the brain to form new, healthier connections.

Matrix Reimprinting amplifies this effect by encouraging individuals to visualize and re-experience positive outcomes and empowering beliefs.

As they engage with these uplifting scenarios, their brains begin to create neural pathways that reinforce confidence, resilience, and joy.

Over time, this rewiring fosters a more optimistic outlook, helping people respond to challenges with a sense of empowerment rather than fear.

Ultimately, by integrating EFT and Matrix Reimprinting, individuals can cultivate a vibrant mental landscape filled with supportive, positive neural networks that bolster emotional well-being and enhance overall quality of life.

#Neuroplasticity  #BrainWiring #ThoughtPower #eft #matrixreimprinting #tapping #tappingtherapy

Yes—Saquon Barkley was a decisive factor in the Eagles' Super Bowl LIX victory, both statistically and strategically.

🏆 Barkley's Impact on the Championship
- Historic Season: Barkley rushed for 2,005 yards in the regular season and 499 yards in the playoffs, totaling 2,504 yards—the most in NFL history for a single season including playoffs.
- Super Bowl Performance: Though held to 57 yards on 25 carries, Barkley's presence forced the Chiefs to load the box, opening up the passing game for Jalen Hurts, DeVonta Smith, and A.J. Brown.
- Strategic Leverage: His threat as a runner dictated Kansas City's defensive scheme, allowing Hurts to exploit mismatches and throw for nearly 300 yards and 3 touchdowns.
- Legacy Shift: Barkley's season reset the market value for running backs, proving that a dominant ground game can still anchor a championship team.

While Hurts earned MVP honors, Barkley's season-long dominance and tactical influence in the Super Bowl were essential to the Eagles' success. He wasn't just a contributor—he was the engine that made their offense elite.

In the 2025 NFL Championship—Super Bowl LIX—the Philadelphia Eagles faced off against the Kansas City Chiefs. The game took place on February 9, 2025, at the Caesars Superdome in New Orleans.

🏆 Final Score
- Eagles: 40 
- Chiefs: 22

This matchup was a high-stakes rematch of Super Bowl LVII, where the Chiefs had previously edged out the Eagles. But in 2025, the Eagles dominated early, shutting out the Chiefs in the first half and holding off a late surge led by Patrick Mahomes.

The New York Giants lost Saquon Barkley to the Philadelphia Eagles due to a mix of financial strategy, positional valuation, and injury history:

💰 Contract Disputes and Financial Priorities
- The Giants refused to offer Barkley a long-term deal he felt he deserved. They had franchise-tagged him in 2022 and 2023, but chose not to tag him again in 2024.
- Barkley was reportedly offered $12 million per year, but the Giants declined to match it, prioritizing cap space for other positions—especially after committing $40 million annually to quarterback Daniel Jones.
- Giants GM Joe Schoen said on Hard Knocks: Offseason, "It's not to hand the ball off to a $12M back," emphasizing their belief in upgrading the offensive line and reallocating funds.

🏥 Injury History and Systemic Issues
- Barkley's time in New York was marred by injuries, including a torn ACL and multiple ankle sprains, which limited his availability.
- The Giants' poor offensive line contributed to those injuries and hampered his production, while Barkley thrived behind the Eagles' superior blocking unit.

🗣️ Barkley's Reflections
- Barkley later expressed regret over how he handled the exit, saying he wished he had given fans a proper goodbye. He also shared relief at leaving behind the "business side" of football to focus on winning.

The move ultimately backfired for the Giants. Barkley's breakout season with the Eagles—over 2,000 rushing yards—highlighted how undervaluing a generational talent can cost a franchise its offensive identity.

It's too early to say definitively whether Saquon Barkley will win another NFL championship in 2026, but the outlook is promising. Barkley enters the 2025–26 season as the favorite to repeat as NFL Offensive Player of the Year, with sportsbooks giving him +600 odds—the best among all contenders. Analysts are predicting a potentially historic season, with some even suggesting he could become the first running back to post back-to-back 2,000-yard rushing seasons, surpassing Eric Dickerson's legendary two-year stretch.

The Eagles are expected to remain strong contenders, especially after adapting their offense to feature Barkley more prominently. However, championship outcomes depend on many variables—team health, playoff matchups, and defensive adjustments to Barkley's dominance.

Yes, the Philadelphia Eagles' victory in Super Bowl LIX was Saquon Barkley's first NFL championship. Prior to joining the Eagles, Barkley spent several seasons with the New York Giants, where he showcased elite talent but didn't reach the Super Bowl. His 2024–2025 season with the Eagles marked a career peak—both statistically and in terms of team success.

Yes, Saquon Barkley won an NFL championship. He was a key part of the Philadelphia Eagles' victory in Super Bowl LIX, which took place on February 9, 2025, coinciding with his 28th birthday.

In that season, Barkley led the league with 2,005 rushing yards and added another 499 yards in the playoffs, totaling a record-breaking 2,504 rushing yards across the full campaign. His dominant performance helped the Eagles defeat the Kansas City Chiefs and secure the title.

Balesin Island Island takes a bold step towards a cleaner, more sustainable future.

Through the partnership of Aboitiz Upgrade Solar Inc. (AUSI) and Alphaland Corporation, a new 4.1MWp solar farm with a 5.5MWh battery energy storage system is set to power around 60% of the island's needs.

This milestone not only reduces reliance on fuel, but also shows how renewable energy can support even the most exclusive and remote destinations.

Learn More at https://www.adventenergy.com.ph/services/
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That's a profound question and one that theologians, philosophers, and seekers have wrestled with for centuries. If God is all-powerful and all-knowing, why invite us to pray at all?

🙏 Prayer as Relationship, Not Just Request
- God desires communion, not just compliance. Prayer isn't just about asking for things—it's about connection. Like any loving parent, God invites conversation, not because He needs information, but because we need intimacy.
- It's relational, not transactional. Even if God already knows our needs, expressing them deepens our trust and dependence.

🧭 Prayer Shapes Us More Than It Changes God
- Prayer transforms the pray-er. It aligns our hearts with God's will, refines our desires, and cultivates humility, patience, and gratitude.
- It's a spiritual discipline. Like meditation or reflection, prayer trains our souls to listen, surrender, and grow.

🔄 Prayer as Participation in Divine Work
- God invites us into His work. In many traditions, prayer is seen as a way we co-labor with God. We're not passive observers; we're active participants.
- It's a mystery of cooperation. Though God could act alone, He often chooses to work through human agency—including prayer.

🧠 Prayer and Free Will
- Prayer respects our freedom. If God simply imposed His will without our engagement, it would violate the gift of free will. Prayer is a voluntary act of faith and surrender.
- It's a way to choose God daily. Even in silence or struggle, prayer is a declaration: "I want to be part of Your story."

The human brain is astonishingly powerful—far beyond any hard drive or supercomputer we've built. Here's what current research suggests:

🧠 Estimated Storage Capacity

1. Terabyte Range
- Neuroscientists estimate the brain can store between 10 to 100 terabytes of information.
- That's comparable to thousands of HD movies or millions of books.

2. Synaptic Complexity
- The brain has 86 billion neurons and over 100 trillion synapses.
- Each synapse can store multiple bits of information, and their strength changes with learning—this is called synaptic plasticity.

3. Dynamic, Not Static
- Unlike a hard drive, the brain's memory is adaptive. It reorganizes constantly through experience, emotion, and repetition.
- It doesn't just store facts—it encodes patterns, associations, emotions, and context.

🔄 Learning Capacity

Unlimited in Practice
- While there's a theoretical ceiling, the brain rarely "runs out" of space.
- Learning is shaped more by attention, emotional relevance, and repetition than by raw capacity.

Neuroplasticity
- The brain can rewire itself—forming new connections and even repurposing regions for new tasks.
- This means learning isn't just about storage—it's about transformation.

No, the radiation from the Chernobyl explosion is not currently reaching the Philippines at any level that poses a threat to public health.
Here is a breakdown of why:
* Distance: Chernobyl is located in Ukraine. The Philippines is thousands of kilometers away (over 7,000 km) and is separated by a continent and an ocean.
* Dispersion and Decay: The vast majority of the radioactive material that was released in 1986 settled over Europe and the immediate surrounding territories, particularly Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia. Over the great distance to the Philippines, the material would have been diluted and dispersed to undetectable background levels.
* Wind Patterns: The initial spread of the radioactive cloud in 1986 primarily moved north and west across Europe, not southeast across Asia toward the Philippines.
* Time: The most dangerous isotopes from the accident were short-lived, meaning their radioactivity has decayed significantly in the nearly 40 years since the disaster. Any long-lived isotopes that might have been globally dispersed are now at extremely low, harmless concentrations.
While major nuclear events can release materials that spread globally (like the 2011 Fukushima event, where the Philippines monitored for any possible impact), the great distance and the passage of time mean there is no immediate or long-term danger to the Philippines from the Chernobyl disaster.

The Chernobyl explosion was not due to a single person's fault, but rather a catastrophic combination of factors:

* Flawed Reactor Design (The RBMK Reactor): The Soviet-designed RBMK reactor had inherent, dangerous flaws, including a positive void coefficient, which meant that as the cooling water turned to steam (voids), the nuclear reaction would dangerously increase, rather than slow down as in most other reactor types. Furthermore, the design of the control rods actually increased reactivity temporarily upon insertion, which was the final fatal step when the emergency shut-down button was pressed. The lack of a containment structure also allowed radioactive material to escape easily.

* Operator Error and Safety Culture: The operators conducting a safety test on the night of the accident made serious mistakes, violating multiple operating procedures. They intentionally bypassed critical safety systems and allowed the reactor to reach a dangerously unstable condition at low power. However, it's also true that the operators were not fully informed about the specific, extreme design flaws of the RBMK reactor that made their actions so catastrophic.

* The Soviet System: Cold War secrecy and a lack of open communication meant that the design flaws of the RBMK reactor were concealed from the operators and the international community. A poor overall safety culture and pressure to meet production quotas also contributed to the environment where dangerous operational shortcuts were taken.
Who was officially blamed?
The immediate blame was placed on the plant operators and managers, including the plant director, Viktor Bryukhanov, and others, who were convicted and imprisoned for violating safety regulations. However, later, more in-depth international and Soviet investigations acknowledged that the reactor's fundamental design flaws were a crucial, underlying cause of the disaster.

✅ Fact-check summary:
The story about Alexander the Great giving three deathbed wishes — physicians carrying his coffin, gold scattered along the road, and his hands left hanging outside — is not historically verified. It is a popular moral legend, not a record from credible ancient sources.

🔍 What historical records say

1. Primary sources (ancient historians): The main ancient accounts of Alexander's death come from:

Arrian (Anabasis of Alexander),

Plutarch (Life of Alexander),

Diodorus Siculus (Library of History),

Quintus Curtius Rufus (Histories of Alexander the Great).

👉 None of these mention any "three death wishes" or symbolic funeral instructions.
They describe his illness, his final words ("to the strongest"), and the confusion over his succession — but not this moralistic story.

🧾 Origin of the "three wishes" story

The story first appeared in modern inspirational and religious writings, not in classical history.

It spread widely online and in motivational talks during the late 20th century, often attributed to "ancient Greek sources" or "Indian wisdom" but without evidence.

No Greek, Roman, or Babylonian texts mention these symbolic instructions.

🧠 Verdict

Claim   Truth

Alexander the Great gave three symbolic death wishes (doctors, gold, hands)   ❌ False – no historical evidence
The message is authentic moral wisdom from Alexander   ❌ Fictional/moral legend
Story origin   🕊️ Modern inspirational myth, not ancient record
💬 In short:

The story is beautiful and meaningful, but not factual.
Alexander's true historical legacy lies in his empire and cultural influence — not in these apocryphal "last wishes."

Overview of Protests in Israel Against the Gaza Operation

As of October 5, 2025, protests in Israel opposing the ongoing military operation in Gaza (often referred to as "Operation Iron Swords") have intensified, particularly in response to the Israeli Navy's interception of the "Global Sumud Flotilla" on October 1-2, 2025. This flotilla, consisting of about 40-43 boats carrying humanitarian aid and over 450 activists (including Greta Thunberg and Nelson Mandela's grandson), aimed to break Israel's naval blockade of Gaza. Israel detained the activists, towed the vessels to Ashdod port, and plans to deport them, sparking widespread domestic and international backlash.

These protests are part of a broader wave of anti-war demonstrations in Israel that have occurred weekly since late 2023, peaking in scale during 2025. They primarily involve left-wing Israelis, hostage families, peace activists, and some Arab-Israeli citizens. Key demands include an immediate ceasefire, release of the remaining ~50 Israeli hostages held by Hamas (with ~20 believed alive), ending the blockade and starvation in Gaza, and holding leaders accountable for the war's prolongation. Polls (e.g., from the Israel Democracy Institute) show over two-thirds of Jewish Israelis oppose blocking humanitarian aid, though support for the war remains divided.

Major recent events include:
- October 3-4, 2025: Small but committed groups of Israeli activists (e.g., from groups like "Standing Together" and "Mesarvot" refusers) blocked roads and military vehicles at Gaza border crossings like Sufa and Kerem Shalom. They protested the flotilla interception, the siege, and ongoing operations in Gaza City, which Israel declared a "combat zone" despite U.S. President Trump's calls for a halt. Several activists were arrested for obstructing soldiers.

- Weekly Tel Aviv rallies: Thousands gather near the Kirya military base and Hostage Square, carrying photos of starving Gaza children and bags of flour to symbolize famine. On September 28, 2025, ~400,000-500,000 protested nationwide, the largest to date, with business strikes and highway blockades.

- Earlier 2025 peaks: In July, thousands marched against child starvation; in August, over 1 million demanded a truce; in May, protests decried the Nuseirat massacre.

What's "Wrong" or Problematic About These Protests?
Based on reports, here's a balanced breakdown of common points raised—nothing is inherently "wrong" with peaceful dissent, but challenges and backlash exist. These stem from Israel's polarized society, security concerns, and the war's emotional toll (1,200 Israelis killed on October 7, 2023; ~62,000 Palestinians killed since, per Gaza health officials).

1. Government and Right-Wing Backlash
   - Accusations of treason or harming "national morale": Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and far-right figures (e.g., Itamar Ben-Gvir) have condemned protesters as "traitors" or "Hamas sympathizers," claiming they undermine the war effort and endanger soldiers/hostages. In August 2025, Netanyahu called protests a "stab in the back." Communications Minister Shlomo Karhi proposed 2023 regulations to arrest those "hurting morale," which critics say chills free speech.

   - Counter-protests and violence: Far-right mobs have attacked demonstrators, e.g., in October 2023 at Netanya College, chanting "death to Arabs." Settler activists have disrupted aid convoys, with military/police sometimes tipping them off.

2. Police and Legal Repression
   - Arrests and crackdowns: Dozens arrested weekly for blocking roads or "incitement." On October 3, activists blocking Gaza entry were detained. In Haifa (May 2024-June 2025), anti-war demos saw forcible arrests. Human Rights Watch notes U.S./Israeli coordination in operations, raising complicity concerns.

   - Broader context: Protests occur amid judicial weakening attempts, seen by critics as Netanyahu shielding himself from October 7 failures and ICC war crimes warrants.

3. Internal Divisions and Scale Limitations
   - Limited participation: While thousands join, they represent a minority (~10-20% of Israelis per polls). Most Jewish Israelis support the operation's goals (destroying Hamas), viewing protests as ignoring Hamas's role in hostage-taking and aid diversion. Arab-Israelis (20% of population) face higher risks, with demos often in mixed cities like Haifa.

   - Hostage family splits: Some families blame Netanyahu for prolonging the war for political survival; others support military pressure. Leaked audio from ex-intel chief Aharon Haliva justified ~50,000 Gaza deaths as "necessary," fueling outrage.

4. Impact and Effectiveness Debates
   - Disruptions vs. escalation risks: Highway blockades (e.g., Tel Aviv's Ayalon) cause chaos, delaying soldiers and aid. Critics argue this hurts the cause; supporters say visibility is key amid famine (UN reports 18,000+ child deaths).

Israel's Stated Justifications for Military Operations in Gaza

The Israeli military operations in Gaza, which escalated into a full-scale ground invasion following the Hamas-led attack on October 7, 2023, are framed by Israeli officials as a necessary act of self-defense against an existential threat. This perspective is rooted in international law, particularly Article 51 of the UN Charter, which affirms the inherent right of states to defend themselves against armed attacks. Below, I'll outline the primary arguments put forward by Israel, drawing from official statements and analyses, while noting the broader context of the conflict's human cost for a balanced view.

1. Response to the October 7, 2023 Hamas Attack

   - Hamas and allied militant groups launched a coordinated assault on southern Israel, killing approximately 1,200 people (mostly civilians) and taking over 250 hostages. This was the deadliest attack on Jews since the Holocaust, occurring on a Jewish holiday and involving widespread atrocities, including mass shootings, sexual violence, and kidnappings.
   - Israel argues that the invasion was an immediate and proportionate response to this unprecedented aggression, aimed at neutralizing the perpetrators and preventing recurrence. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu described it as a fight for "total victory" over Hamas to ensure Israel's security.

2. Eliminating Hamas as a Governing and Military Force

   - Hamas, designated a terrorist organization by Israel, the U.S., EU, and others, has governed Gaza since 2007 and explicitly calls for Israel's destruction in its founding charter. Israel contends that allowing Hamas to retain control would enable future attacks, given its history of firing thousands of rockets into Israeli civilian areas.
   - The operations target Hamas's military infrastructure, including an extensive tunnel network used for smuggling weapons and launching incursions. By 2025, Israel has expanded efforts to dismantle these capabilities, including plans to seize and hold territory to root out remaining fighters. Officials emphasize that the goal is not occupation but demilitarization to create conditions for long-term peace.

3. Rescuing Hostages and Protecting Israeli Civilians

   - A core objective has been the return of hostages, with ongoing negotiations tied to ceasefires. As of mid-2025, some have been released, but others remain in captivity, justifying continued pressure on Hamas.
   - Israel highlights preemptive measures against rocket barrages and border threats, arguing that Gaza's proximity (just 40 miles from Tel Aviv) makes it a direct security risk. Without action, Israeli communities near the border would face perpetual endangerment.

While these justifications are presented as defensive necessities, the operations have resulted in over 40,000 Palestinian deaths (per Gaza health authorities), widespread destruction, and a humanitarian crisis, drawing accusations of disproportionality and collective punishment from the UN and human rights groups. Israel maintains it takes unprecedented steps to minimize civilian harm, such as evacuation warnings and precision strikes, but the scale of the response remains deeply contested. Ultimately, a truth-seeking approach recognizes that lasting resolution requires addressing root causes like occupation, settlements, and mutual recognition, rather than military means alone.

Here are 10 must-see and totally free experiences in Tokyo that deliver culture, history, and unforgettable vibes without costing a single yen:

🏯 1. Meiji Shrine
- A serene Shinto shrine nestled in a forest near Harajuku.
- Free to enter, with peaceful walking paths and towering torii gates.

🌳 2. Yoyogi Park
- Adjacent to Meiji Shrine, perfect for picnics, people-watching, or catching street performers on weekends.

🐟 3. Toyosu Fish Market (formerly Tsukiji)
- Witness the energy of Japan's seafood trade. The outer market is open to the public and full of sights and smells.

🛕 4. Senso-ji Temple
- Tokyo's oldest temple in Asakusa, with a vibrant shopping street (Nakamise-dori) leading to its gates.

🏞️ 5. Imperial Palace East Gardens
- Stroll through beautifully landscaped gardens and see remnants of Edo Castle.

🚦 6. Shibuya Crossing & Hachiko Statue
- Iconic Tokyo moment: cross the world's busiest pedestrian scramble and visit the loyal dog's statue.

🎮 7. Akihabara
- A neon-lit paradise for anime, manga, and tech lovers. Window shopping and street scenes are free and fascinating.

🖼️ 8. Contemporary Art at 3331 Arts Chiyoda
- A former school turned into a free-entry art space showcasing local and international artists.

🏙️ 9. Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building Observation Decks
- Free panoramic views of Tokyo from Shinjuku. On clear days, you might spot Mt. Fuji.

🧘 10. Sumo Morning Practice (Arashio Stable)
- Watch sumo wrestlers train through the street-facing windows of this Ryogoku stable—no ticket required.

Let me know if you want a walking itinerary, subway tips, or nearby budget eats to pair with these spots.

TROPICAL CYCLONE BULLETIN NR. 16
Severe Tropical Storm #PaoloPH (MATMO)
Issued at 8:00 PM, 03 October 2025
Valid for broadcast until the next bulletin at 11:00 PM today.

"PAOLO" MAINTAINS ITS STRENGTH WHILE MOVING WEST NORTHWESTWARD OVER THE WEST PHILIPPINE SEA.

Location of Center (7:00 PM):
The center of Severe Tropical Storm PAOLO was estimated based on all available data at 115 km West Northwest of Bacnotan, La Union (17.1°N, 119.4°E).

Intensity:
Maximum sustained winds of 110 km/h near the center, gustiness of up to 135 km/h, and central pressure of 990 hPa

Present Movement:
West northwestward at 35 km/h

Extent of Tropical Cyclone Winds:
Strong to storm-force winds extend outwards up to 480 km from the center

TROPICAL CYCLONE WIND SIGNALS (TCWS) IN EFFECT
TCWS No. 3
Wind threat: Storm-force winds
Warning lead time: 18 hours
Range of wind speeds: 89 to 117 km/h (Beaufort 10 to 11)
Potential impacts of winds: Moderate to significant threat to life and property
Luzon:
The western portion of Ilocos Sur (San Vicente, Santa Catalina, City of Vigan, Caoayan, Santa, Narvacan, Santa Maria, San Esteban, Santiago, City of Candon, Santa Lucia, Santa Cruz, Tagudin) and the northwestern portion of La Union (Luna, Bangar, Balaoan, Bacnotan, San Juan, City of San Fernando)

TCWS No. 2
Wind threat: Gale-force winds
Warning lead time: 24 hours
Range of wind speeds: 62 to 88 km/h (Beaufort 8 to 9)
Potential impacts of winds: Minor to moderate threat to life and property
Luzon:
The southern portion of Ilocos Norte (Nueva Era, Badoc, Pinili, City of Batac, Paoay, Currimao, Banna, Laoag City, San Nicolas, Sarrat, Dingras, Solsona, Marcos, Bacarra, Piddig), the rest of Ilocos Sur, the rest of La Union, the northern portion of Pangasinan ( Basista, Lingayen, Villasis, City of Alaminos, Anda, Malasiqui, San Fabian, Mangaldan, Mapandan, Burgos, Dagupan City, Binalonan, Bolinao, Aguilar, San Manuel, Sual, Asingan, Labrador, Bani, Pozorrubio, City of Urdaneta, Laoac, Mabini, San Carlos City, Manaoag, Binmaley, San Jacinto, Bugallon, Infanta, Agno, Calasiao, Santa Barbara, Dasol, Sison, San Nicolas), Abra, the western portion of Kalinga (Tinglayan, Balbalan, Lubuagan, Pasil), the western portion of Mountain Province (Besao, Tadian, Sagada, Bauko, Sadanga, Bontoc, Sabangan), the western portion of Ifugao (Hungduan, Tinoc), Benguet, and the western portion of Nueva Vizcaya (Kayapa, Santa Fe)

TCWS No. 1
Wind threat: Strong winds
Warning lead time: 36 hours
Range of wind speeds: 39 to 61 km/h (Beaufort 6 to 7)
Potential impacts of winds: Minimal to minor threat to life and property
Luzon:
The rest of Ilocos Norte, the rest of Pangasinan, Apayao, the rest of Kalinga, the rest of Mountain Province, the rest of Ifugao, the southern portion of Batanes (Mahatao, Uyugan, Basco, Ivana, Sabtang), mainland Cagayan including Babuyan Islands, Isabela, Quirino, the rest of Nueva Vizcaya, Zambales, Tarlac, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Aurora, and the northern portion of Quezon (General Nakar, Infanta) including Polillo Islands.

OTHER HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND AREAS
Heavy Rainfall Outlook
Refer to Weather Advisory No. 9 issued at 5:00 PM today for the heavy rainfall outlook due to Tropical Cyclone PAOLO.

Severe Winds
The wind signals warn the public of the general wind threat over an area due to the tropical cyclone. Local winds may be slightly stronger/enhanced in coastal and upland/mountainous areas exposed to winds. Winds are less strong in areas sheltered from the prevailing wind direction.

• Moderate to significant impacts from storm-force winds are possible within any of the areas under Wind Signal No 3.
• Minor to moderate impacts from gale-force winds are possible within any of the areas under Wind Signal No. 2.
• Minimal to minor impacts from strong winds are possible within any of the areas under Wind Signal No. 1.

Furthermore, the outer rain bands of PAOLO will also bring strong to gale-force gusts over the following areas not under Wind Signal (especially in coastal and upland areas exposed to winds):

• Today: Bataan, Metro Manila, CALABARZON, Bicol Region, Panay Island, Occidental Mindoro, Oriental Mindoro, Northern Samar, and Eastern Samar
• Tomorrow (4 October): Batanes, Cagayan including Babuyan Islands, Ilocos Region, Zambales, and Bataan

Coastal Inundation
There is a minimal to moderate risk of storm surge with peak heights reaching 1.0 to 2.0 m within 12 hours over the low-lying or exposed coastal localities of Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Pangasinan, Zambales, Cagayan, Isabela, and Aurora. Refer to Storm Surge Warning No. 10 issued at 8:00 PM today for the details.

HAZARDS AFFECTING COASTAL WATERS
Gale Warning is in effect over the seaboards of Northern Luzon and the eastern seaboard of Central Luzon. For more details, refer to Gale Warning No. 4 issued at 5:00 PM today.

24-Hour Sea Condition Outlook
Up to very rough seas over the following coastal waters:
• Up to 6.0 m: The seaboard of Ilocos Sur
• Up to 5.0 m: The seaboard of Ilocos Norte; the eastern seaboard of mainland Cagayan.
• Up to 4.5 m: The seaboards of La Union, Babuyan Islands, Isabela, and northern Aurora; the remaining seaboard of mainland Cagayan.
• Sea travel is risky for all types or tonnage of vessels. All mariners must remain in port or, if underway, seek shelter or safe harbor as soon as possible until winds and waves subside.
Up to rough seas over the following coastal waters:
• Up to 4.0 m: The western seaboard of Pangasinan.
• Up to 3.5 m: The seaboard of Batanes.
• Up to 3.0 m: The seaboard of Zambales; the remaining seaboards of Aurora and Pangasinan.
• Mariners of small seacrafts, including all types of motorbancas, are advised not to venture out to sea under these conditions, especially if inexperienced of operating ill-equipped vessels.

Up to moderate seas over the following coastal waters:
• Up to 2.5 m: The seaboard of northern mainland Quezon; the northern and eastern seaboards of Polillo Islands.
• Up to 2.0 m: The seaboards of Zambales, Camarines Norte, and Lubang Islands; the western seaboard of Bataan; the eastern seaboard of the rest of Quezon; the northern seaboard of Camarines Sur; the northern and eastern seaboards of Catanduanes.
• Mariners of motorbancas and similarly sized vessels are advised to take precautionary measures while venturing out to sea and, if possible, avoid navigation under these conditions.

TRACK AND INTENSITY OUTLOOK
• It must be emphasized that heavy rainfall, severe winds, and storm surge may still be experienced in localities outside the landfall point and the forecast confidence cone. Refer to "Other Hazards affecting Land Areas" for more details. Furthermore, the track may still shift within the limit of the forecast confidence cone.
• PAOLO is forecast to move generally west northwestward and exit the Philippine Area of Responsibility tomorrow (04 October) morning.
• PAOLO is forecast to re-intensify into a typhoon within the next 12 hours.

Considering these developments, the public and disaster risk reduction and management offices concerned are advised to take all necessary measures to protect life and property. Persons living in areas identified to be highly or very highly susceptible to these hazards are advised to follow evacuation and other instructions from local officials. For heavy rainfall warnings, thunderstorm/rainfall advisories, and other severe weather information specific to your area, please monitor products issued by your local PAGASA Regional Services Division.

The next tropical cyclone bulletin will be issued at 11:00 PM today.


DOST-PAGASA

TROPICAL CYCLONE BULLETIN NR. 13
Typhoon #PaoloPH (MATMO)
Issued at 11:00 AM, 03 October 2025
Valid for broadcast until the next bulletin at 2:00 PM today.

PAOLO INTENSIFIES INTO A TYPHOON AS IT MAKES LANDFALL OVER DINAPIGUE, ISABELA.

Location of Center (10:00 AM):
The center of the eye of Typhoon PAOLO was estimated based on all available data including those from Baguio, Baler, and Daet Doppler Weather Radar in the vicinity of San Guillermo, Isabela (16.7°N, 122.0°E).

Intensity:
Maximum sustained winds of 130 km/h near the center, gustiness of up to 215 km/h, and central pressure of 975 hPa

Present Movement:
West northwestward at 25 km/h

Extent of Tropical Cyclone Winds:
Strong to typhoon-force winds extend outwards up to 350 km from the center

TROPICAL CYCLONE WIND SIGNALS (TCWS) IN EFFECT
TCWS No. 4
Wind threat: Storm-force winds
Warning lead time: 12 hours
Range of wind speeds: 118 to 184 km/h (Beaufort 12)
Potential impacts of winds: Significant to severe threat to life and property

Luzon:
The extreme northern portion of Aurora (Dilasag, Casiguran), the southern portion of Isabela (Dinapigue, San Mariano, Palanan, Roxas, Burgos, Gamu, Naguilian, Benito Soliven, San Manuel, Cabatuan, Aurora, Luna, Reina Mercedes, City of Cauayan, San Mateo, Alicia, Ramon, City of Santiago, Cordon, San Isidro, Echague, Angadanan, San Guillermo, Jones, San Agustin), the northern portion of Quirino (Diffun, Aglipay, Saguday, Cabarroguis, Maddela), the northern portion of Nueva Vizcaya (Solano, Villaverde, Bagabag, Diadi, Quezon, Ambaguio, Bayombong), Mountain Province, Ifugao, the southern portion of Abra (Tubo), the northern portion of Benguet (Bakun, Mankayan, Buguias, Kibungan, Kapangan, Atok, Kabayan), the southern portion of Ilocos Sur (Cervantes, Quirino, Gregorio del Pilar, Sigay, San Emilio, Salcedo, Burgos, Lidlidda, Banayoyo, San Esteban, Santiago, Galimuyod, City of Candon, Santa Lucia, Santa Cruz, Suyo, Alilem, Tagudin, Sugpon), and the northern portion of La Union (Luna, Bangar, Balaoan, Sudipen, Santol, San Gabriel, Bacnotan, San Juan)

TCWS No. 3
Wind threat: Storm-force winds
Warning lead time: 18 hours
Range of wind speeds: 89 to 117 km/h (Beaufort 10 to 11)
Potential impacts of winds: Moderate to significant threat to life and property

Luzon:
The northern portion of Aurora (Dinalungan, Dipaculao), the rest of Isabela, the rest of Quirino, the central portion of Nueva Vizcaya (Kasibu, Bambang, Kayapa, Aritao, Dupax del Norte, Dupax del Sur, Santa Fe), Kalinga, the central portion of Abra (Boliney, Daguioman, Sallapadan, Bucloc, Licuan-Baay, Malibcong, Lacub, La Paz, San Juan, Lagangilang, Danglas, Lagayan, Tayum, Bangued, Langiden, Pidigan, San Quintin, Pilar, Luba, Manabo, Villaviciosa, San Isidro, Peñarrubia, Bucay, Dolores), the rest of Benguet, the rest of Ilocos Sur, and the rest of La Union

TCWS No. 2
Wind threat: Gale-force winds
Warning lead time: 24 hours
Range of wind speeds: 62 to 88 km/h (Beaufort 8 to 9)
Potential impacts of winds: Minor to moderate threat to life and property

Luzon:
The southern portion of Cagayan (Peñablanca, Tuguegarao City, Solana, Iguig, Tuao, Piat, Rizal, Santo Niño, Alcala, Amulung, Enrile, Baggao), the rest of Nueva Vizcaya, the southern portion of Apayao (Conner, Kabugao), the rest of Abra, the southern portion of Ilocos Norte (Nueva Era, Badoc, Pinili, City of Batac, Paoay, Currimao, Banna, Laoag City, San Nicolas, Sarrat, Dingras, Solsona, Marcos, Bacarra, Piddig), The northern portion of Pangasinan ( San Fabian, Sison, Pozorrubio, Umingan, San Jacinto, Laoac, Binalonan, San Nicolas, Natividad, Tayug, San Manuel, Asingan, Santa Maria, San Quintin, Dagupan City, Mangaldan, Manaoag, Bolinao, Anda, Bani, City of Alaminos, Sual, Labrador, Lingayen, Binmaley, Calasiao, Mapandan, Santa Barbara, City of Urdaneta), the central portion of Aurora (Baler, Maria Aurora, San Luis), and the northern portion of Nueva Ecija (Carranglan, Bongabon, San Jose City, Pantabangan, Rizal, Lupao)

TCWS No. 1
Wind threat: Strong winds
Warning lead time: 36 hours
Range of wind speeds: 39 to 61 km/h (Beaufort 6 to 7)
Potential impacts of winds: Minimal to minor threat to life and property

Luzon:
The rest of mainland Cagayan including Babuyan Islands, the rest of Aurora, the northern portion of Quezon (General Nakar, Infanta) including Polillo Islands, Camarines Norte, the rest of Apayao, the rest of Ilocos Norte, the rest of Pangasinan, the rest of Nueva Ecija, the northern portion of Bulacan (Doña Remedios Trinidad, San Miguel, San Ildefonso, Norzagaray, San Rafael, Angat), Tarlac, the northeastern portion of Pampanga (Magalang, Arayat, Candaba, Mabalacat City), and the northern portion of Zambales (Palauig, Masinloc, Candelaria, Santa Cruz)

OTHER HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND AREAS
Heavy Rainfall Outlook
Refer to Weather Advisory No. 8 issued at 11:00 AM today for the heavy rainfall outlook due to Tropical Cyclone PAOLO.

Severe Winds
The wind signals warn the public of the general wind threat over an area due to the tropical cyclone. Local winds may be slightly stronger/enhanced in coastal and upland/mountainous areas exposed to winds. Winds are less strong in areas sheltered from the prevailing wind direction.

• Significant to severe impacts from typhoon-force winds are possible within any of the areas under Wind Signal No. 4.
• Moderate to significant impacts from storm-force winds are possible within any of the areas under Wind Signal No 3.
• Minor to moderate impacts from gale-force winds are possible within any of the areas under Wind Signal No. 2.
• Minimal to minor impacts from strong winds are possible within any of the areas under Wind Signal No. 1.

Furthermore, the periphery of PAOLO will also bring strong to gale-force gusts over the following areas not under Wind Signal (especially in coastal and upland areas exposed to winds):

• Today: Batanes, Central Luzon, Metro Manila, CALABARZON, Bicol Region, Panay Island, Occidental Mindoro, Oriental Mindoro, Northern Samar, and Eastern Samar
• Tomorrow (4 October): Batanes, Cagayan including Babuyan Islands, Ilocos Region, Zambales, and Bataan

Coastal Inundation
There is a moderate to high risk of life-threatening storm surge with peak heights reaching 1.0 to 3.0 m within 24 hours over the low-lying or exposed coastal localities of Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Pangasinan, Zambales, Cagayan, Isabela, Aurora, and Quezon. Refer to Storm Surge Warning No. 8 issued at 8:00 AM today for the details.

HAZARDS AFFECTING COASTAL WATERS
Gale Warning is in effect over the seaboards of Northern Luzon and the eastern seaboard of Central Luzon. For more details, refer to Gale Warning No. 3 issued at 5:00 AM today.

24-Hour Sea Condition Outlook
Up to high over the following coastal waters:
• Up to 7.0 m: The seaboard of Isabela.
• Up to 6.0 m: The eastern seaboard of mainland Cagayan
• Up to 5.5 m: The seaboards of northern Aurora and Ilocos Norte
• Up to 5.0 m: The seaboard of Ilocos Sur; the remaining seaboard of Cagayan including Babuyan Islands
• Up to 4.5 m: The seaboard of La Union.
• Sea travel is risky for all types or tonnage of vessels. All mariners must remain in port or, if underway, seek shelter or safe harbor as soon as possible until winds and waves subside.
Up to rough seas over the following coastal waters:
• Up to 4.0 m: The seaboard of Batanes; the western seaboard of Pangasinan.
• Up to 3.5 m: The seaboard of mainland northern Quezon; the northern and eastern seaboard of Polillo Islands
• Up to 3.0 m: The seaboard of Zambales and Camarines Norte; the remaining seaboard of Pangasinan.
• Mariners of small seacrafts, including all types of motorbancas, are advised not to venture out to sea under these conditions, especially if inexperienced of operating ill-equipped vessels.

Up to moderate seas over the following coastal waters:
• Up to 2.5 m: The eastern seaboard of the rest of Quezon; the northern seaboard of Camarines Sur; the northern and eastern seaboard of Catanduanes.
• Up to 2.0 m: The seaboard of Lubang Islands; the western seaboard of Bataan.
Mariners of motorbancas and similarly sized vessels are advised to take precautionary measures while venturing out to sea and, if possible, avoid navigation under these conditions.

Coastal Inundation
There is high risk of life-threatening storm surge with peak heights exceeding 3.0 m within 36 hours over the low-lying or exposed coastal localities of Zambales, Bataan, Metro Manila, CALABARZON, Occidental Mindoro including Lubang Island, Oriental Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon, Palawan, Bicol Region, Northern Samar, Eastern Samar, Samar, Biliran, Leyte, Cebu, Aklan, Antique, Capiz, Dinagat Islands, and Siargao Island. Refer to Storm Surge Warning No. 6 issued at 8:00 PM today for the details.

TRACK AND INTENSITY OUTLOOK
• It must be emphasized that heavy rainfall, severe winds, and storm surge may still be experienced in localities outside the landfall point and the forecast confidence cone. Refer to "Other Hazards affecting Land Areas" for more details. Furthermore, the track may still shift within the limit of the forecast confidence cone.
• PAOLO is forecast to move generally west northwestward throughout the forecast period. On the forecast track, PAOLO will cross the landmass of Northern Luzon today, and emerge over the West Philippine Sea this afternoon or evening. It will continue moving west northwestward until it exits the Philippine Area of Responsibility tomorrow (04 October) morning.
• PAOLO may slightly weaken while traversing the rugged terrain of Northern Luzon although maintaining typhoon category is not ruled out. Based on the intensity forecast, re-intensification is highly likely once PAOLO emerges over the West Philippine Sea.

Considering these developments, the public and disaster risk reduction and management offices concerned are advised to take all necessary measures to protect life and property. Persons living in areas identified to be highly or very highly susceptible to these hazards are advised to follow evacuation and other instructions from local officials. For heavy rainfall warnings, thunderstorm/rainfall advisories, and other severe weather information specific to your area, please monitor products issued by your local PAGASA Regional Services Division.

The next tropical cyclone bulletin will be issued at 2:00 PM today.
DOST-PAGASA

To withdraw Japanese yen in Tokyo using your GoTyme ATM card, here's what you need to do:

✅ Step-by-Step Guide for Withdrawing Yen in Tokyo

1. Use a Compatible ATM
   - GoTyme cards work internationally, and users have successfully withdrawn yen in Japan.
   - The most reliable ATMs for foreign cards are:
     - Seven Bank ATMs (inside 7-Eleven stores)
     - Japan Post Bank ATMs (in post offices)
     - AEON Bank ATMs (in AEON malls)
   - These ATMs support Visa and Mastercard networks, which GoTyme uses.

2. Check Your Card Settings
   - Make sure your GoTyme card is activated for international use.
   - Confirm your 4-digit PIN—Japanese ATMs require this.
   - Know your daily withdrawal limit for overseas transactions.

3. Expect Currency Conversion
   - The ATM will convert your Philippine pesos to Japanese yen using the Visa/Mastercard exchange rate.
   - There may be a foreign transaction fee or ATM usage fee depending on the ATM and GoTyme's policy.

4. Withdraw at the Right Locations
   - 7-Eleven stores are open 24/7 and are the most convenient.
   - Post offices and AEON malls are also good options, especially outside city centers.

5. Monitor Your Account
   - After withdrawal, check your GoTyme app for the transaction details and conversion rate.

⚠️ Tips
- Avoid withdrawing from random bank ATMs (like Agribank or smaller local banks) as they may reject foreign cards.
- If your card is declined, try another ATM brand—Seven Bank is the most reliable.

Great question, one that touches theology, anthropology, and even emotional design. In Genesis 2:18, God says, "It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him a helper fit for him." This is the first time in the creation narrative that something is declared "not good." Everything else—light, land, animals—was called good or very good. So why the shift?

Here's a layered breakdown:

🧠 Theological Insight
- Relational Design: The statement reflects God's intent that humans are inherently relational beings. Adam wasn't incomplete because he lacked productivity or power—he lacked companionship. This suggests that being made in God's image includes the capacity and need for relationship.
- Divine Pattern: God Himself exists in relational unity (Father, Son, Spirit). So Adam's solitude was a deviation from that divine pattern. The "not good" wasn't a flaw in Adam, but a cue that creation wasn't finished until relational harmony was possible.

🧍Anthropological Implications
- No Suitable Counterpart: Adam had no equal among the animals. He could name them, observe them, but none mirrored his essence. The creation of Eve wasn't just about romance—it was about mutuality, shared purpose, and emotional resonance.
- Helper ≠ Assistant: The Hebrew word ezer (helper) is also used to describe God as a helper to Israel. It implies strength, support, and partnership—not subordination.

💬 Emotional and Existential Layer
- Loneliness as a signal: Adam's solitude wasn't sinful, but it was incomplete. The narrative affirms that longing for connection is part of being human. Even in paradise, isolation was "not good."

FIRST MACTAN-MANDAUE BRIDGE
The first Mactan bridge, officially the Serging Veloso Osmeña Jr. Bridge (formerly Mactan-Mandaue Bridge), is an 864-meter box truss bridge that was designed by Filipino engineers, with construction starting in 1970 and the bridge opening in 1973 to connect Cebu and Mactan Island.

While the original design of the first Mactan bridge was certainly built to the standards of its time (early 1970s), a JICA report noted that the bridge was "seriously damaged by typhoon Ruping" which consequently led to vehicle use being restricted to those weighing less than 5 tons due to concerns over structural integrity.

​This history indicates that while it is an enduring structure, it has faced structural damage from a major typhoon event and requires ongoing condition surveys and rehabilitation to maintain its integrity against extreme weather and seismic risks.

Not exactly—Red Fiber doesn't get its internet from PLDT, but there's now a strategic partnership between them.

🔌 Here's how it works:
- Red Fiber is owned by Radius Telecoms, a subsidiary of Meralco.
- PLDT recently acquired a 35% stake in Radius Telecoms, giving it partial ownership and influence over Red Fiber's operations.
- Despite this stake, Red Fiber maintains its own fiber infrastructure, separate from PLDT's. It doesn't "resell" PLDT's internet—it runs its own network.

So while they're now business partners, Red Fiber's internet backbone is independent, not sourced from PLDT. Think of it like two telecom giants sharing some ownership but still running their own shows.

If you're comparing reliability or speed between the two, I can help break that down too.

Vitamilk soy milk does not contain cow's milk. It's made from soybeans and water, making it a dairy-free, vegan-friendly alternative to cow's milk. This product is suitable for people with lactose intolerance or those following a plant-based diet, as it provides similar levels of protein and fat without any animal-derived ingredients.

Vitamilk does offer a separate product called "Double Milk," which blends soy milk with cow's milk for a creamier taste, but that's not the standard soy milk version. Always check the label on the specific product you're buying to confirm ingredients, as formulations can vary by region or variant.

Main cause of enlarged prostate (BPH) is chronic high insulin (hyperinsulinemia), not testosterone.

High insulin stimulates prostate growth via IGF-1 pathways.

7 steps to reduce prostate size/symptoms:

Avoid all sugar (including high-sugar fruits).

Avoid grains (wheat, rice, oats, corn).

Avoid soy (unless fermented like natto).

Use only full-fat dairy (prefer heavy cream, butter, ghee).

Avoid vegetable seed oils (high omega-6, inflammatory).

Eat low-carb (keto or carnivore) to lower insulin.

Practice intermittent fasting (14–18 hours/day).

Results take months to a year, not overnight.

Medications can ease symptoms but don't fix root cause.

Low testosterone & high estrogen ratio also worsen prostate problems.

Some supplements (saw palmetto, nettle root, pumpkin seed extract) may help, but diet and insulin control are key.

TROPICAL CYCLONE BULLETIN NR. 14
Typhoon #OpongPH (BUALOI)
Issued at 2:00 AM, 26 September 2025
Valid for broadcast until the next bulletin at 5:00 AM today.

OPONG HAS MADE LANDFALL OVER SAN POLICARPO, EASTERN SAMAR AND IS NOW THREATENING EASTERN VISAYAS.

• Location of Center (1:00 AM)
The center of Typhoon OPONG was estimated based on all available data including those from Guiuan and Laoang Doppler Weather Radar in the vicinity of Catubig, Northern Samar (12.4°N, 125.0°E).

• Intensity
Maximum sustained winds of 120 km/h near the center, gustiness of up to 165 km/h, and central pressure of 975 hPa.

• Present Movement
West northwestward at 30 km/h

• Extent of Tropical Cyclone Winds
Strong to typhoon-force winds extend outwards up to 460 km from the center

TROPICAL CYCLONE WIND SIGNALS (TCWS) IN EFFECT

• TCWS No. 4
➣ Wind threat: Storm-force winds
➣ Warning lead time: 12 hours
➣ Range of wind speeds: 118 to 184 km/h (Beaufort 12)
➣ Potential impacts of winds: Significant to severe threat to life and property

LUZON:
Sorsogon and the eastern portion of Masbate (Cataingan, Palanas, Dimasalang, Uson, Mobo, City of Masbate, Baleno, Aroroy, Mandaon, Milagros) including Ticao Island

VISAYAS:
Northern Samar, the northern and central portions of Eastern Samar (Jipapad, Maslog, Arteche, Oras, San Policarpo, Dolores, Can-Avid, Taft, Sulat, San Julian, City of Borongan), and the northern and central portions of Samar (Hinabangan, Paranas, Motiong, San Sebastian, Jiabong, San Jorge, San Jose de Buan, Matuguinao, Calbayog City, Gandara, Santa Margarita, Pagsanghan, Tarangnan, City of Catbalogan, Santo Niño, Almagro, Tagapul-An)

• TCWS No. 3
➣ Wind threat: Storm-force winds
➣ Warning lead time: 18 hours
➣ Range of wind speeds: 89 to 117 km/h (Beaufort 10 to 11)
➣ Potential impacts of winds: Moderate to significant threat to life and property

LUZON:
The rest of Masbate including Burias Island, Albay, the western and central portion of Camarines Sur (Buhi, Iriga City, Bato, Nabua, Balatan, Baao, Bula, Minalabac, San Fernando, Pamplona, Pasacao, Libmanan, Sagñay, Tigaon, Pili, Ocampo, Calabanga, Naga City, Bombon, Canaman, Magarao, Gainza, Milaor, Camaligan, Cabusao, Sipocot, Lupi, Ragay, Del Gallego) , the southern portion of Quezon (San Francisco, San Andres, San Narciso, Mulanay, Buenavista, Catanauan, General Luna, Guinayangan, Lopez, Macalelon, Tagkawayan, Calauag, Gumaca, Pitogo, Unisan, Plaridel, Atimonan, Padre Burgos, Agdangan, Pagbilao, City of Tayabas, Lucban, Sampaloc, Lucena City, Sariaya, Candelaria, Dolores, Tiaong, San Antonio), the southwestern portion of Laguna (Alaminos, San Pablo City, Rizal, Nagcarlan, Liliw, Majayjay), the southeastern and central portions of Batangas (Cuenca, Taysan, Lobo, Talisay, Padre Garcia, Agoncillo, San Pascual, Santo Tomas, Bauan, San Jose, San Luis, Lemery, Lipa City, Ibaan, City of Tanauan, Mabini, Mataasnakahoy, Alitagtag, Balete, Tingloy, San Juan, San Nicolas, Batangas City, Rosario, Laurel, Santa Teresita, Taal, Malvar), Marinduque, Romblon, Oriental Mindoro, and the northern and central portions of Occidental Mindoro (Abra de Ilog, Paluan, Mamburao, Santa Cruz, Sablayan)

VISAYAS:
The rest of Eastern Samar, the rest of Samar, the extreme northern portion of Leyte (Babatngon, San Miguel, Tacloban City, Barugo, Calubian, San Isidro, Leyte, Capoocan, Carigara) and Biliran

• TCWS No. 2
➣ Wind threat: Gale-force winds
➣ Warning lead time: 24 hours
➣ Range of wind speeds: 62 to 88 km/h (Beaufort 8 to 9)
➣ Potential impacts of winds: Minor to moderate threat to life and property

LUZON:
Catanduanes, the rest of Camarines Sur, Camarines Norte, the rest of Quezon, the rest of Laguna, Rizal, Cavite, the rest of Batangas, the rest of Occidental Mindoro including Lubang Islands, Calamian Islands, Metro Manila, Bulacan, Pampanga, Bataan, and the southern portion of Zambales (San Marcelino, Subic, Olongapo City, Castillejos, San Antonio, San Narciso, San Felipe)

VISAYAS:
The eastern portion of Southern Leyte (Libagon, Anahawan, Hinunangan, San Juan, Silago, Saint Bernard, Hinundayan, Liloan, Pintuyan, San Francisco, San Ricardo, Sogod), the northern and central portions of Leyte (Tunga, Pastrana, Mahaplag, Matag-Ob, Tolosa, Palo, Mayorga, Julita, Dagami, Inopacan, Jaro, Abuyog, Santa Fe, Albuera, Villaba, La Paz, Palompon, Macarthur, Tabontabon, Tanauan, Merida, Ormoc City, Isabel, Javier, Dulag, Alangalang, Hindang, City of Baybay, Burauen, Tabango, Kananga), the northern portion of Cebu (Medellin, Daanbantayan, Tabogon, City of Bogo, San Remigio, Borbon, Sogod, Tabuelan, Tuburan, Catmon, Carmen) including Camotes and Bantayan Islands,  the extreme northern portion of Negros Occidental (Toboso, City of Escalante, Sagay City, Cadiz City, Manapla, City of Victorias, Enrique B. Magalona), the northern portion of Iloilo (Estancia, Carles, Balasan, Batad, San Dionisio, Concepcion, Sara, Ajuy, Lemery, Barotac Viejo, San Rafael, San Enrique, City of Passi, Bingawan, Calinog), Capiz, Aklan, and the northwestern portion of Antique (Libertad, Pandan, Sebaste, Culasi) including Caluya Islands

MINDANAO:
Dinagat Islands, Siargao Islands, and Bucas Grande Islands

• TCWS No. 1
➣ Wind threat: Strong winds
➣ Warning lead time: 36 hours
➣ Range of wind speeds: 39 to 61 km/h (Beaufort 6 to 7)
➣ Potential impacts of winds: Minimal to minor threat to life and property

LUZON:
The central and southern portions of Isabela (Alicia, San Mateo, Aurora, Ramon, Naguilian, Dinapigue, San Guillermo, Luna, City of Cauayan, Echague, Angadanan, Benito Soliven, City of Santiago, Reina Mercedes, San Agustin, San Manuel, Cabatuan, Gamu, San Isidro, Cordon, Jones, Burgos, San Mariano, Palanan), Quirino, Nueva Vizcaya, Ifugao, the southwestern portion of Mountain Province (Bauko, Sabangan, Tadian), Benguet, the southern portion of Ilocos Sur (Sugpon, Alilem), La Union, Pangasinan, Aurora, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, the rest of Zambales, Cuyo Islands, and the northern portion of mainland Palawan (El Nido, Taytay, Dumaran, Araceli)

VISAYAS:
The rest of Southern Leyte, the eastern and central portions of Bohol (Getafe, Talibon, Bien Unido, Ubay, Trinidad, Pres. Carlos P. Garcia, Mabini, San Miguel, Alicia, Candijay, Anda, Guindulman, Pilar, Dagohoy, Danao, Buenavista, Inabanga, Clarin, Sagbayan, Carmen, Sierra Bullones, Duero, Jagna), the central portion of Cebu (Asturias, Danao City, Compostela, Liloan, Consolacion, Cebu City, Balamban, Mandaue City, Lapu-Lapu City, Toledo City, City of Talisay, Pinamungahan, Minglanilla, City of Naga, San Fernando, Aloguinsan, City of Carcar, Barili), the northern portion of Negros Oriental (Vallehermoso, Canlaon City, City of Guihulngan), the northern and central portions of Negros Occidental (Calatrava, Salvador Benedicto, San Carlos City, Silay City, City of Talisay, Bacolod City, Bago City, Murcia, La Castellana, Valladolid, Pulupandan, La Carlota City, San Enrique, Pontevedra, Moises Padilla, Isabela, Hinigaran), the central portion of Iloilo (Banate, Anilao, Dueñas, Dingle, Barotac Nuevo, Dumangas, Lambunao, Janiuay, Badiangan, Pototan, Mina, Zarraga, New Lucena, Cabatuan, Maasin), and the central portion of Antique (Tibiao, Barbaza, Bugasong, Laua-An, Valderrama)

MINDANAO:
The rest of Surigao del Norte

OTHER HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND AREAS

➣ Heavy Rainfall Outlook

• Refer to Weather Advisory No. 26 issued at 11:00 PM yesterday for the heavy rainfall outlook due to Tropical Cyclone OPONG and the Southwest Monsoon. Link: tinyurl.com/wxadvisory

➣ Severe Winds

The wind signals warn the public of the general wind threat over an area due to the tropical cyclone. Local winds may be slightly stronger/enhanced in coastal and upland/mountainous areas exposed to winds. Winds are less strong in areas sheltered from the prevailing wind direction.

• Significant to severe impacts from typhoon-force winds are possible within any of the areas under Wind Signal No. 4.
• Moderate to significant impacts from storm-force winds are possible within any of the areas under Wind Signal No 3.
• Minor to moderate impacts from gale-force winds are possible within any of the areas under Wind Signal No. 2.
• Minimal to minor impacts from strong winds are possible within any of the areas under Wind Signal No. 1.

The Southwest Monsoon enhanced by OPONG, will bring strong to gale-force gusts over the following areas not under Wind Signal (especially in coastal and upland areas exposed to winds):

• Today: Ilocos Region, Cordillera Administrative Region, Cagayan Valley, Palawan, Visayas, Zamboanga del Norte, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Camiguin, Caraga Region, and Davao Region.
• Tomorrow (27 September): Luzon and Western Visayas.

HAZARDS AFFECTING COASTAL WATERS

A Gale Warning is in effect over the eastern and southern seaboards of Southern Luzon and the eastern seaboard of Visayas. Refer to Gale Warning No. 2 issued at 5:00 PM yesterday. Link: tinyurl.com/gale-warning

➣ 24-Hour Sea Condition Outlook

Up to very rough, high, or very high over the following coastal waters:
• Up to 11.0 m: The seaboards of Eastern Samar, Northern Samar, Samar, Biliran, Masbate including Ticao and Burias Islands; the southern and eastern seaboards of Albay and Sorsogon.
• Up to 8.0 m: The seaboards of Romblon, Oriental Mindoro; the northern seaboards of Leyte, Cebu, Iloilo, Capiz, and Aklan.
• Up to 6.0 m: The remaining seaboards of Bicol Region; the southern seaboards of Quezon, Marinduque, and Batangas.
• Up to 5.0 m: The seaboards of Aurora, Occidental Mindoro including Lubang Island, Romblon, and Polillo Islands; the western seaboard of Zambales, Bataan, and Cavite; the remaining seaboards of Batangas.
• Sea travel is risky for all types or tonnage of vessels. All mariners must remain in port or, if underway, seek shelter or safe harbor as soon as possible until winds and waves subside.
Up to rough seas over the following coastal waters:
• Up to 4.0 m: The seaboards of Isabela, Calamian Islands, Cuyo Islands, and Bucas Grande Island; the eastern seaboards of Dinagat and Siargao Islands; the remaining seaboards of Quezon.
• Up to 3.5 m: The eastern seaboards of Cagayan including Babuyan Islands, Pampanga, Bulacan, and Metro Manila; the remaining seaboards of Cavite, Dinagat Islands, and Siargao Island; the seaboards of Ilocos Norte
• Mariners of small seacrafts, including all types of motorbancas, are advised not to venture out to sea under these conditions, especially if inexperienced of operating ill-equipped vessels.

Up to moderate seas over the following coastal waters:
• Up to 2.5 m: The seaboards of Surigao del Norte, Davao del Sur, and Davao Oriental; the remaining seaboards of Palawan and Visayas.
• Mariners of motorbancas and similarly-sized vessels are advised to take precautionary measures while venturing out to sea and, if possible, avoid navigation under these conditions.

➣ Coastal Inundation

There is high risk of life-threatening storm surge with peak heights exceeding 3.0 m within 36 hours over the low-lying or exposed coastal localities of Zambales, Bataan, Metro Manila, CALABARZON, Occidental Mindoro including Lubang Island, Oriental Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon, Palawan, Bicol Region, Northern Samar, Eastern Samar, Samar, Biliran, Leyte, Cebu, Aklan, Antique, and Capiz. Refer to Storm Surge Warning No. 7 issued at 2:00 AM today for the details. Under Coastal Inundation:
Link: tinyurl.com/storm-surge-warning

TRACK AND INTENSITY OUTLOOK

• It must be emphasized that heavy rainfall, severe winds, and storm surge may still be experienced in localities outside the landfall point and the forecast confidence cone. Refer to the hoisted Wind Signals (for direct wind threat of the tropical cyclone) and "Other Hazards affecting Land Areas" for more details. Furthermore, the track may still shift more to the north or to the south but within the limit of the forecast confidence cone.

• OPONG has made landfall over San Policarpo, Eastern Samar at 11:30 PM yesterday and will be moving west northwestward towards Bicol Region, where it is likely to make another landfall in the vicinity of Sorsogon or Masbate this morning. OPONG will move near or over Sibuyan Sea and traverse the mainland and/or island provinces of Bicol Region, southern CALABARZON, and northern MIMAROPA, before emerging over the West Philippine Sea tomorrow (27 September) early morning.

• As OPONG crosses the archipelago, it will likely remain as a typhoon or weaken into a severe tropical storm during the passage. Re-intensification is highly likely once OPONG emerges over the West Philippine Sea.

Considering these developments, the public and disaster risk reduction and management offices concerned are advised to take all necessary measures to protect life and property. Persons living in areas identified to be highly or very highly susceptible to these hazards are advised to follow evacuation and other instructions from local officials. For heavy rainfall warnings, thunderstorm/rainfall advisories, and other severe weather information specific to your area, please monitor products issued by your local PAGASA Regional Services Division.

The next tropical cyclone bulletin will be issued at 5:00 AM today.

DOST-PAGASA

Website Link: tinyurl.com/TCB-OpongPH

TROPICAL CYCLONE BULLETIN NR. 13
Typhoon #OpongPH (BUALOI)
Issued at 11:00 PM, 25 September 2025
Valid for broadcast until the next bulletin at 2:00 AM tomorrow.

"OPONG" INTENSIFIES INTO A TYPHOON AND IS NOW APPROACHING EASTERN VISAYAS.

• Location of Center (10:00 PM)
The center of Typhoon OPONG was estimated based on all available data including those from Guiuan Doppler Weather Radar over the coastal waters of Dolores, Eastern Samar (11.9°N, 126.0°E).

• Intensity
Maximum sustained winds of 120 km/h near the center, gustiness of up to 165 km/h, and central pressure of 975 hPa.

• Present Movement
West northwestward at 25 km/h

• Extent of Tropical Cyclone Winds
Strong to typhoon-force winds extend outwards up to 460 km from the center

TROPICAL CYCLONE WIND SIGNALS (TCWS) IN EFFECT

• TCWS No. 4
➣ Wind threat: Storm-force winds
➣ Warning lead time: 12 hours
➣ Range of wind speeds: 118 to 184 km/h (Beaufort 12)
➣ Potential impacts of winds: Significant to severe threat to life and property

LUZON:
Sorsogon and the eastern portion of Masbate (Cataingan, Palanas, Dimasalang, Uson, Mobo, City of Masbate, Baleno, Aroroy, Mandaon, Milagros) including Ticao Island

VISAYAS:
Northern Samar, the northern and central portions of Eastern Samar (Jipapad, Maslog, Arteche, Oras, San Policarpo, Dolores, Can-Avid, Taft, Sulat, San Julian, City of Borongan), and the northern and central portions of Samar (Hinabangan, Paranas, Motiong, San Sebastian, Jiabong, San Jorge, San Jose de Buan, Matuguinao, Calbayog City, Gandara, Santa Margarita, Pagsanghan, Tarangnan, City of Catbalogan, Santo Niño, Almagro, Tagapul-An)

• TCWS No. 3
➣ Wind threat: Storm-force winds
➣ Warning lead time: 18 hours
➣ Range of wind speeds: 89 to 117 km/h (Beaufort 10 to 11)
➣ Potential impacts of winds: Moderate to significant threat to life and property

LUZON:
The rest of Masbate including Burias Island, Albay, the western portion of Camarines Sur (Buhi, Iriga City, Bato, Nabua, Balatan, Baao, Bula, Minalabac, San Fernando, Pamplona, Pasacao, Libmanan), the southern portion of Quezon (San Francisco, San Andres, San Narciso, Mulanay, Buenavista, Catanauan, General Luna, Guinayangan, Lopez, Macalelon), Marinduque, Romblon and the central and southern portions of Oriental Mindoro (Bulalacao, Bongabong, Bansud, Mansalay, Roxas, Gloria, Pinamalayan, Pola, Socorro, Victoria)

VISAYAS:
The rest of Eastern Samar, the rest of Samar, the extreme northern portion of Leyte (Babatngon, San Miguel, Tacloban City, Barugo, Calubian, San Isidro, Leyte, Capoocan, Carigara) and Biliran

• TCWS No. 2
➣ Wind threat: Gale-force winds
➣ Warning lead time: 24 hours
➣ Range of wind speeds: 62 to 88 km/h (Beaufort 8 to 9)
➣ Potential impacts of winds: Minor to moderate threat to life and property

LUZON:
Catanduanes, the rest of Camarines Sur, Camarines Norte, the central and eastern portions of Quezon (Pitogo, Lucena City, Calauag, Pagbilao, Infanta, Tiaong, Unisan, Plaridel, Quezon, San Antonio, Alabat, Candelaria, Lucban, Sampaloc, Padre Burgos, Sariaya, City of Tayabas, Mauban, Dolores, Perez, Agdangan, Gumaca, Atimonan, Real, Tagkawayan), Laguna, Rizal, Cavite, Batangas, the rest of Oriental Mindoro, Occidental Mindoro including Lubang Islands, Calamian Islands , Metro Manila, and the southern portion of Bataan (Mariveles, Pilar, Limay, Orion, City of Balanga, Bagac)

VISAYAS:
The eastern portion of Southern Leyte (Libagon, Anahawan, Hinunangan, San Juan, Silago, Saint Bernard, Hinundayan, Liloan, Pintuyan, San Francisco, San Ricardo, Sogod), the northern and central portions of Leyte (Tunga, Pastrana, Mahaplag, Matag-Ob, Tolosa, Palo, Mayorga, Julita, Dagami, Inopacan, Jaro, Abuyog, Santa Fe, Albuera, Villaba, La Paz, Palompon, Macarthur, Tabontabon, Tanauan, Merida, Ormoc City, Isabel, Javier, Dulag, Alangalang, Hindang, City of Baybay, Burauen, Tabango, Kananga), the northern portion of Cebu (Medellin, Daanbantayan, Tabogon, City of Bogo, San Remigio, Borbon, Sogod, Tabuelan, Tuburan, Catmon, Carmen) including Camotes and Bantayan Islands,  the extreme northern portion of Negros Occidental (Toboso, City of Escalante, Sagay City, Cadiz City, Manapla, City of Victorias, Enrique B. Magalona), the northern portion of Iloilo (Estancia, Carles, Balasan, Batad, San Dionisio, Concepcion, Sara, Ajuy, Lemery, Barotac Viejo, San Rafael, San Enrique, City of Passi, Bingawan, Calinog), Capiz, Aklan, and the northwestern portion of Antique (Libertad, Pandan, Sebaste, Culasi) including Caluya Islands

MINDANAO:
Dinagat Islands, Siargao Islands, and Bucas Grande Islands

• TCWS No. 1
➣ Wind threat: Strong winds
➣ Warning lead time: 36 hours
➣ Range of wind speeds: 39 to 61 km/h (Beaufort 6 to 7)
➣ Potential impacts of winds: Minimal to minor threat to life and property

LUZON:
The central and southern portions of Isabela (Alicia, San Mateo, Aurora, Ramon, Naguilian, Dinapigue, San Guillermo, Luna, City of Cauayan, Echague, Angadanan, Benito Soliven, City of Santiago, Reina Mercedes, San Agustin, San Manuel, Cabatuan, Gamu, San Isidro, Cordon, Jones, Burgos, San Mariano, Palanan), Quirino, Nueva Vizcaya, Ifugao, the southwestern portion of Mountain Province (Bauko, Sabangan, Tadian), Benguet, the southern portion of Ilocos Sur (Sugpon, Alilem), La Union, Pangasinan, Aurora, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Zambales, the rest of Bataan, Pampanga, Bulacan, the rest of Quezon, Cuyo Islands, and the northern portion of mainland Palawan (El Nido, Taytay, Dumaran, Araceli)

VISAYAS:
The rest of Southern Leyte, the eastern and central portions of Bohol (Getafe, Talibon, Bien Unido, Ubay, Trinidad, Pres. Carlos P. Garcia, Mabini, San Miguel, Alicia, Candijay, Anda, Guindulman, Pilar, Dagohoy, Danao, Buenavista, Inabanga, Clarin, Sagbayan, Carmen, Sierra Bullones, Duero, Jagna), the central portion of Cebu (Asturias, Danao City, Compostela, Liloan, Consolacion, Cebu City, Balamban, Mandaue City, Lapu-Lapu City, Toledo City, City of Talisay, Pinamungahan, Minglanilla, City of Naga, San Fernando, Aloguinsan, City of Carcar, Barili), the northern portion of Negros Oriental (Vallehermoso, Canlaon City, City of Guihulngan), the northern and central portions of Negros Occidental (Calatrava, Salvador Benedicto, San Carlos City, Silay City, City of Talisay, Bacolod City, Bago City, Murcia, La Castellana, Valladolid, Pulupandan, La Carlota City, San Enrique, Pontevedra, Moises Padilla, Isabela, Hinigaran), the central portion of Iloilo (Banate, Anilao, Dueñas, Dingle, Barotac Nuevo, Dumangas, Lambunao, Janiuay, Badiangan, Pototan, Mina, Zarraga, New Lucena, Cabatuan, Maasin), and the central portion of Antique (Tibiao, Barbaza, Bugasong, Laua-An, Valderrama)

MINDANAO:
The rest of Surigao del Norte

OTHER HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND AREAS

➣ Heavy Rainfall Outlook

Refer to Weather Advisory No. 26 issued at 11:00 PM today for the heavy rainfall outlook due to Tropical Cyclone OPONG and the Southwest Monsoon. Link: tinyurl.com/wxadvisory

➣ Severe Winds

The wind signals warn the public of the general wind threat over an area due to the tropical cyclone. Local winds may be slightly stronger/enhanced in coastal and upland/mountainous areas exposed to winds. Winds are less strong in areas sheltered from the prevailing wind direction.

• Significant to severe impacts from typhoon-force winds are possible within any of the areas under Wind Signal No. 4.
• Moderate to significant impacts from storm-force winds are possible within any of the areas under Wind Signal No 3.
• Minor to moderate impacts from gale-force winds are possible within any of the areas under Wind Signal No. 2.
• Minimal to minor impacts from strong winds are possible within any of the areas under Wind Signal No. 1.

The Southwest Monsoon enhanced by OPONG, will bring strong to gale-force gusts over the following areas not under Wind Signal (especially in coastal and upland areas exposed to winds):

• Today: Ilocos Region, Cagayan Valley, Palawan, Visayas, Zamboanga del Norte, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Camiguin, Caraga Region, and Davao Region.
• Tomorrow (26 September): Ilocos Region, Cordillera Administrative Region, Cagayan Valley, Palawan, Visayas, Zamboanga del Norte, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Camiguin, Caraga Region, and Davao Region.
• Saturday (27 September): Luzon and Western Visayas.

HAZARDS AFFECTING COASTAL WATERS

A Gale Warning is in effect over the eastern and southern seaboards of Southern Luzon and the eastern seaboard of Visayas. Refer to Gale Warning No. 2 issued at 5:00 PM today. Link: tinyurl.com/gale-warning

➣ 24-Hour Sea Condition Outlook

Up to very rough, high, or very high over the following coastal waters:
• Up to 14.0 m: The seaboards of Eastern Samar, Northern Samar, Samar, Biliran, Masbate including Ticao and Burias Islands; the southern and eastern seaboards of Albay and Sorsogon.
• Up to 8.0 m: The seaboards of Romblon, Oriental Mindoro; the northern seaboards of Leyte, Cebu, Iloilo, Capiz, and Aklan.
• Up to 6.0 m: The remaining seaboards of Bicol Region; the southern seaboards of Quezon, Marinduque, and Batangas.
• Up to 5.0 m: The seaboards of Aurora, Occidental Mindoro including Lubang Island, Romblon, and Polillo Islands; the western seaboard of Zambales, Bataan, and Cavite; the remaining seaboards of Batangas.
• Sea travel is risky for all types or tonnage of vessels. All mariners must remain in port or, if underway, seek shelter or safe harbor as soon as possible until winds and waves subside.
Up to rough seas over the following coastal waters:
• Up to 4.0 m: The seaboards of Isabela, Calamian Islands, Cuyo Islands, and Bucas Grande Island; the eastern seaboards of Dinagat and Siargao Islands; the remaining seaboards of Quezon.
• Up to 3.5 m: The eastern seaboards of Cagayan including Babuyan Islands, Pampanga, Bulacan, and Metro Manila; the remaining seaboards or Cavite, Dinagat Islands, and Siargao Island.
• Mariners of small seacrafts, including all types of motorbancas, are advised not to venture out to sea under these conditions, especially if inexperienced of operating ill-equipped vessels.

Up to moderate seas over the following coastal waters:
• Up to 2.5 m: The seaboards of Surigao del Norte, Davao del Sur, and Davao Oriental; the remaining seaboards of Palawan and Visayas.
• Mariners of motorbancas and similarly-sized vessels are advised to take precautionary measures while venturing out to sea and, if possible, avoid navigation under these conditions.

➣ Coastal Inundation

There is high risk of life-threatening storm surge with peak heights exceeding 3.0 m within 36 hours over the low-lying or exposed coastal localities of Zambales, Bataan, Metro Manila, CALABARZON, Occidental Mindoro including Lubang Island, Oriental Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon, Palawan, Bicol Region, Northern Samar, Eastern Samar, Samar, Biliran, Leyte, Cebu, Aklan, Antique, Capiz, Dinagat Islands, and Siargao Island. Refer to Storm Surge Warning No. 6 issued at 8:00 PM today for the details. Link: tinyurl.com/storm-surge-warning

TRACK AND INTENSITY OUTLOOK

• It must be emphasized that heavy rainfall, severe winds, and storm surge may still be experienced in localities outside the landfall point and the forecast confidence cone. Refer to the hoisted Wind Signals (for direct wind threat of the tropical cyclone) and "Other Hazards affecting Land Areas" for more details. Furthermore, the track may still shift more to the north or to the south but within the limit of the forecast confidence cone.

• OPONG is forecast to make landfall over Northern Samar or the northern portion of Eastern Samar between midnight and tomorrow (26 September) early morning before heading towards Bicol Region, where it is likely to make another landfall in the vicinity of Sorsogon or Masbate tomorrow morning. Throughout tomorrow, OPONG will move generally west northwestward near or over Sibuyan Sea and traverse the mainland and/or island provinces of Bicol Region, southern CALABARZON, and northern MIMAROPA, before emerging over the West Philippine Sea on Saturday (27 September) early morning.

• As OPONG crosses the archipelago, it will likely remain as a typhoon or severe tropical storm during the passage. Re-intensification is highly likely once OPONG emerges over the West Philippine Sea.

Considering these developments, the public and disaster risk reduction and management offices concerned are advised to take all necessary measures to protect life and property. Persons living in areas identified to be highly or very highly susceptible to these hazards are advised to follow evacuation and other instructions from local officials. For heavy rainfall warnings, thunderstorm/rainfall advisories, and other severe weather information specific to your area, please monitor products issued by your local PAGASA Regional Services Division.

The next tropical cyclone bulletin will be issued at 2:00 AM tomorrow.

DOST-PAGASA

Website Link: tinyurl.com/TCB-OpongPH

TROPICAL CYCLONE BULLETIN NR. 10
Severe Tropical Storm #OpongPH (BUALOI)
Issued at 2:00 PM, 25 September 2025
Valid for broadcast until the next bulletin at 5:00 PM today.

SEVERE TROPICAL STORM OPONG MAINTAINS ITS STRENGTH WHILE MOVING WESTWARD OVER THE PHILIPPINE SEA.

Location of Center (1:00 PM)

The center of Severe Tropical Storm OPONG was estimated based on all available data including those from Guiuan Doppler Weather Radar at 300 km East of Guiuan, Eastern Samar (11.0°N, 128.5°E).

Intensity
Maximum sustained winds of 110 km/h near the center, gustiness of up to 135 km/h, and central pressure of 980 hPa

Present Movement
Westward at 15 km/h

Extent of Tropical Cyclone Winds
Strong to storm-force winds extend outwards up to 430 km from the center


TROPICAL CYCLONE WIND SIGNALS (TCWS) IN EFFECT

TCWS No. 3
Wind threat: Storm-force winds
Warning lead time: 18 hours
Range of wind speeds: 89 to 117 km/h (Beaufort 10 to 11)
Potential impacts of winds: Moderate to significant threat to life and property

Visayas:
The northern and eastern portions of Northern Samar ( Gamay, Lapinig, Mapanas, Palapag, Laoang, San Roque, Pambujan, Catubig) and the northern portion of Eastern Samar ( San Policarpo, Arteche, Jipapad, Oras)

TCWS No. 2
Wind threat: Gale-force winds
Warning lead time: 24 hours
Range of wind speeds: 62 to 88 km/h (Beaufort 8 to 9)
Potential impacts of winds: Minor to moderate threat to life and property
Luzon:
The southern portion of Quezon (Tagkawayan, Guinayangan, Calauag, Lopez, San Andres, Mulanay, San Narciso, San Francisco, Buenavista, Catanauan, General Luna, Macalelon), The eastern portion of Marinduque (Santa Cruz, Torrijos), the northeastern portion of Romblon (Cajidiocan, Magdiwang, Banton, Romblon, Corcuera), Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Catanduanes, Albay, Sorsogon, and Masbate

Visayas:
The rest of Northern Samar, the central portion of Eastern Samar  (Can-Avid, Maslog, Taft, Dolores, Sulat, San Julian, City of Borongan, Maydolong), the northern and central portions of Samar (San Jorge, San Sebastian, Villareal, Zumarraga, Matuguinao, Pinabacdao, Almagro, Calbayog City, Talalora, Jiabong, Pagsanghan, City of Catbalogan, Gandara, Motiong, Santo Niño, Tagapul-An, San Jose de Buan, Santa Margarita, Tarangnan, Calbiga, Daram, Paranas, Hinabangan), Biliran, and the northern portion of Leyte (Calubian)

TCWS No. 1
Wind threat: Strong winds
Warning lead time: 36 hours
Range of wind speeds: 39 to 61 km/h (Beaufort 6 to 7)
Potential impacts of winds: Minimal to minor threat to life and property

Luzon:
The central and southern portions of Isabela (Alicia, San Mateo, Aurora, Ramon, Naguilian, Dinapigue, San Guillermo, Luna, City of Cauayan, Echague, Angadanan, Benito Soliven, City of Santiago, Reina Mercedes, San Agustin, San Manuel, Cabatuan, Gamu, San Isidro, Cordon, Jones, Burgos, San Mariano, Palanan), Quirino, Nueva Vizcaya, Ifugao, the southwestern portion of Mountain Province (Bauko, Sabangan, Tadian), Benguet, the southern portion of Ilocos Sur (Sugpon, Alilem), La Union, Pangasinan, Aurora, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Zambales, Bataan, Pampanga, Bulacan, Metro Manila, Rizal, Cavite, Batangas, Laguna, the rest of Quezon, the rest of Romblon, the rest of Marinduque, Occidental Mindoro, Oriental Mindoro, and Calamian Islands The rest of Eastern Samar, the rest of Samar, the rest of Leyte, Southern Leyte, the northern portion of Cebu (Daanbantayan, Medellin, City of Bogo, Tabogon, San Remigio, Borbon, Sogod, Tabuelan, Catmon, Tuburan, Carmen, Danao City, Asturias, Compostela) including Camotes and Bantayan Islands, the northern portion of Negros Occidental (City of Escalante, Toboso, Calatrava, Sagay City, Cadiz City, Manapla, City of Victorias, Enrique B. Magalona, Silay City, City of Talisay), the northern portion of Iloilo (San Dionisio, Batad, Balasan, Carles, Sara, Concepcion, Ajuy, Lemery, Barotac Viejo, San Rafael, Banate, Anilao, San Enrique, City of Passi, Bingawan, Calinog, Lambunao, Dueñas, Dingle), Capiz, Aklan, and the northern portion of Antique (Libertad, Pandan, Sebaste, Culasi, Tibiao, Barbaza, Bugasong, Laua-An, Caluya)  Siargao Island, Bucas Grande Islands, and Dinagat Islands

Visayas
The rest of Eastern Samar, the rest of Samar, the rest of Leyte, Southern Leyte, the northern portion of Cebu (Daanbantayan, Medellin, City of Bogo, Tabogon, San Remigio, Borbon, Sogod, Tabuelan, Catmon, Tuburan, Carmen, Danao City, Asturias, Compostela) including Camotes and Bantayan Islands, the northern portion of Negros Occidental (City of Escalante, Toboso, Calatrava, Sagay City, Cadiz City, Manapla, City of Victorias, Enrique B. Magalona, Silay City, City of Talisay), the northern portion of Iloilo (San Dionisio, Batad, Balasan, Estancia, Carles, Sara, Concepcion, Ajuy, Lemery, Barotac Viejo, San Rafael, Banate, Anilao, San Enrique, City of Passi, Bingawan, Calinog, Lambunao, Dueñas, Dingle), Capiz, Aklan, and the northern portion of Antique (Libertad, Pandan, Sebaste, Culasi, Tibiao, Barbaza, Bugasong, Laua-An, Caluya)

Mindanao
Siargao Island, Bucas Grande Islands, and Dinagat Islands

OTHER HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND AREAS

Heavy Rainfall Outlook

Refer to Weather Advisory No. 24 issued at 11:00 AM today for the heavy rainfall outlook due to Tropical Cyclone OPONG and the Southwest Monsoon.

Severe Winds

The wind signals warn the public of the general wind threat over an area due to the tropical cyclone. Local winds may be slightly stronger/enhanced in coastal and upland/mountainous areas exposed to winds. Winds are less strong in areas sheltered from the prevailing wind direction.

• Moderate to significant impacts from storm-force winds are possible within any of the areas under Wind Signal No 3.
• Minor to moderate impacts from gale-force winds are possible within any of the areas under Wind Signal No. 2.
• Minimal to minor impacts from strong winds are possible within any of the areas under Wind Signal No. 1.

The highest Wind Signal that may be hoisted throughout the passage of OPONG is Wind Signal No. 4.

The Southwest Monsoon enhanced OPONG, will bring strong to gale-force gusts over the following areas not under Wind Signal (especially in coastal and upland areas exposed to winds):

• Today: Ilocos Region, Cagayan Valley, Palawan, Visayas, Zamboanga del Norte, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Camiguin, Caraga Region, and Davao Region.
• Tomorrow (26 September): Ilocos Region, Cordillera Administrative Region, Cagayan Valley, Palawan, Visayas, Zamboanga del Norte, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Camiguin, Caraga Region, and Davao Region.
• Saturday (27 September): Luzon and Western Visayas.

HAZARDS AFFECTING COASTAL WATERS

A Gale Warning is in effect over the eastern seaboard of Southern Luzon and Visayas. Refer to Gale Warning No. 1 issued at 8:00 AM today.

24-Hour Sea Condition Outlook

Up to very rough, high, or very high over the following coastal waters:
• Up to 11.0 m: The seaboards of Catanduanes; the eastern seaboards of Albay and Sorsogon; the northern and eastern seaboards of Northern Samar and Eastern Samar.
• Up to 6.0 m: The northern and eastern seaboards of Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur.
• Up to 5.0 m: The seaboards of Quezon, Marinduque, and Romblon; the remaining seaboards of Bicol Region, Northern Samar, and Eastern Samar.
• Sea travel is risky for all types or tonnage of vessels. All mariners must remain in port or, if underway, seek shelter or safe harbor as soon as possible until winds and waves subside.
Up to rough seas over the following coastal waters:
• Up to 4.0 m: The seaboards of Isabela, Aurora, Batangas, Oriental Mindoro, Samar, and Biliran; the northern seaboards of Leyte and Occidental Mindoro including Lubang Island; the eastern seaboard of Dinagat Islands.
• Up to 3.5 m: The eastern seaboards of Cagayan including Babuyan Islands; the northern seaboards of Aklan and Capiz; the remaining seaboards Dinagat Islands.
• Mariners of small seacrafts, including all types of motorbancas, are advised not to venture out to sea under these conditions, especially if inexperienced of operating ill-equipped vessels.

Up to moderate seas over the following coastal waters:
• Up to 2.5 m: The seaboards of Palawan and Surigao del Norte; the remaining seaboards of Occidental Mindoro, Visayas, and Dinagat Islands.
• Mariners of motorbancas and similarly-sized vessels are advised to take precautionary measures while venturing out to sea and, if possible, avoid navigation under these conditions.

Coastal Inundation

There is high risk of life-threatening storm surge with peak heights exceeding 3.0 m within 36 hours over the low-lying or exposed coastal localities of Metro Manila, Central Luzon, CALABARZON, Occidental Mindoro including Lubang Island, Oriental Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon, Bicol Region, Northern Samar, Eastern Samar, Samar, Biliran, Leyte, and Cebu. Refer to Storm Surge Warning No. 5 issued at 2:00 PM today for the details.

TRACK AND INTENSITY OUTLOOK

• It must be emphasized that heavy rainfall, severe winds, and storm surge may still be experienced in localities outside the landfall point and the forecast confidence cone. Refer to the hoisted Wind Signals (for direct wind threat of the tropical cyclone) and "Other Hazards affecting Land Areas" for more details. Furthermore, the track may still shift more to the north or to the south but within the limit of the forecast confidence cone.
• OPONG will continue moving generally west northwestward while approaching Eastern Visayas – Southern Luzon area. On the forecast track, it may pass close to or make landfall over Northern Samar tomorrow (26 September) early morning, then Bicol Region by tomorrow morning or early afternoon. It will then cross Southern Luzon throughout tomorrow. Afterwards, OPONG will emerge over the West Philippine Sea and exit the Philippine Area of Responsibility on Saturday (27 September) afternoon or evening.
• OPONG may reach typhoon category before making landfall over Bicol Region. It will then weaken as it crosses the archipelago, although it will likely remain as a typhoon or severe tropical storm during the passage. Re-intensification is highly likely once OPONG emerges over the West Philippine Sea.

Considering these developments, the public and disaster risk reduction and management offices concerned are advised to take all necessary measures to protect life and property. Persons living in areas identified to be highly or very highly susceptible to these hazards are advised to follow evacuation and other instructions from local officials. For heavy rainfall warnings, thunderstorm/rainfall advisories, and other severe weather information specific to your area, please monitor products issued by your local PAGASA Regional Services Division.

The next tropical cyclone bulletin will be issued at 5:00 PM today.

DOST-PAGASA

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Four flights to and from Basco, Batanes were canceled due to the inclement weather, the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines said on Thursday, Sept. 18, 2025.

The canceled flights were PAL Express PR2932 Manila – Basco; PR2933 Basco – Manila; PR2688 Clark – Basco; and PR2689 Basco - Clark.

Earlier, the weather bureau said Batanes would experience strong winds and Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal No. 1 was hoisted in the province.

However, the wind signal was lifted as Tropical Depression Mirasol left the Philippine Area of Responsibility, based on the 11 a.m. update from the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. (PNA)

Flag carrier Philippine Airlines (PAL) announced on Wednesday the launch of direct services between Cebu and Calbayog, Samar, starting Oct. 26, 2025.

These flights would operate four times weekly every Monday, Wednesday, Friday, and Sunday.

"The launch of our Cebu-Calbayog route is a milestone in our mission to empower regional gateways like Cebu," PAL Express president Rabbi Vincent Ang said in a statement.

The Tan-led carrier, he said, is investing in Cebu as a strategic hub to help drive tourism and economic growth across the region.

Meanwhile, PAL said it is also ramping up frequencies of flights to and from Siargao and Busuanga (Coron) via Cebu to thrice daily.

Also via Cebu, PAL is increasing operations to the following routes:

--Bacolod: from 14 to 18 flights weekly
--Butuan: from 7 to 11 flights weekly
--Cotabato: from two to three flights weekly
--Ozamiz: from three to four flights weekly
--Tacloban: from 11 to 14 flights weekly

"These enhancements reflect PAL's commitment to boosting connectivity and positioning Cebu as a true gateway to the Visayas, Mindanao, and beyond," the airline said in its news release.

PAL also flies to Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon), Seoul (Incheon), Tokyo (Narita) and Osaka from the Mactan-Cebu International Airport. (PNA)

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5. If you don't study psychology, you're marketing blind.
6. A solid guarantee can double your sales - refunds are not the enemy.
7. Good copy isn't clever - it's researched to death.
8. Stop trying to create demand. Find it and insert yourself.
9. Nobody cares about your offer. They care what it does for them.
10. Add faces to your testimonials. It builds instant trust.
11. You don't need fancy tools. You need focus.
12. Be valuable first, then become rare. That's how wealth works.
13. The market isn't too crowded. Your offer just ain't hitting.
14. Price isn't the problem. Perceived value is.
15. "Be specific" is not optional - it's the rule.
16. A raving customer is better than any fuel.
17. Want more sales? Shut up and listen.
18. Use "you" and "your" in your copy. Make it about them.
19. Hook them fast. Keep them curious. Always.
20. Great marketing beats a great product with no message.
21. You can't win with a killer offer in a dead market.
22. Objections? Pre-answer them like a boss - in your FAQ.
23. Don't trade long-term trust for short-term cash.
24. Your story is your strongest sales weapon.
25. Irresistible offers = social proof + urgency + bonuses + risk reversal
26. Pretty visuals sell more than you think. Don't skimp.

The iPhone 17 has stirred up a mix of excitement and criticism. Here's a breakdown of what's raising eyebrows:

⚠️ Common Complaints & Issues

1. Incremental Upgrades, Not Innovation
- Many users and investors expected a groundbreaking leap, but the iPhone 17 mostly delivered modest design tweaks and hardware bumps.
- The delayed Siri overhaul and lack of standout AI features left Apple trailing competitors like Google and Samsung.

2. Spyware Concerns
- Apple issued global alerts about mercenary spyware targeting iPhone 17 users, especially journalists and activists.
- In response, Apple introduced Memory Integrity Enforcement (MIE) using ARM's Enhanced Memory Tagging to block memory corruption attacks.

3. Battery Drain & Overheating
- Users report faster-than-expected battery depletion and overheating during charging or light use.
- These issues are often linked to background app activity and software glitches in iOS 17.

4. Performance Lags
- Some users experience UI freezes, slow app launches, and laggy keyboards—especially after updating to iOS 17.4.1.
- Older models seem to suffer more, leading to speculation about intentional throttling.

5. Investor Backlash
- Apple's stock dropped over $112 billion in market value post-launch due to concerns about innovation stagnation and margin pressure.

✅ What's Improved

Despite the criticism, the iPhone 17 does bring some solid upgrades:
- ProMotion 120Hz display on the base model for smoother scrolling
- 256GB storage standard without a price hike
- Dual 48MP rear cameras and a new Center Stage front camera
- Faster charging with a 40W Dynamic Power Adapter (sold separately)
- Improved Ceramic Shield Glass 2 for better scratch resistance.

Researchers at Rice University have pioneered a technique that uses vibrating dye molecules, triggered by near-infrared light, to physically tear apart cancer cells at incredible speed. These so-called "molecular jackhammers" work a million times faster than earlier molecular machines, shattering tumor cells with precision.

In early animal trials, mice with melanoma showed remarkable recovery, with half becoming completely cancer-free. Because the method doesn't rely on chemical drugs, it sidesteps the issue of treatment resistance and minimizes harmful side effects — offering hope for a safer, more effective alternative to conventional cancer therapies.

#CancerResearch #LightTherapy

CALL FOR APPLICATIONS FOR SIKAP BATCH 3

The Scholarships for Staff and Instructors' Knowledge Advancement Program (SIKAP) is now accepting applications! The program offers scholarships to Higher Education Institution (HEI) teaching and non-teaching personnel who are seeking advanced studies in identified universities and colleges in the Philippines.

Successful applicants will receive financial privileges including tuition and fees, stipend and research allowance until degree completion.

Interested applicants must be nominated by their Sending Higher Education Institutions (SHEIs) and must submit all documentary requirements before the prescribed deadline.

📆️ Deadline: October 6, 2025
🔗 For more details, visit our webpage at ched.gov.ph/sikap

For inquiries, you may contact the CHED Regional Office of your HEI of study.

⚠️ Beware of fake scholarship posts! Verify info through official CHED social media accounts only.

#CHEDScholarships

Your next chapter begins at The Persimmon Studios and it's move-in ready.

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Don't shout at your kids in the morning and expect them to shine at school.

Don't shout at them at night and expect them to find peace in their sleep.

Don't ignore their questions and expect them to grow into confident adults.

Don't dismiss their emotions and expect them to be emotionally intelligent later.

Don't abandon them physically, emotionally, or both and expect them to know what love is.
Don't compare them to others and expect them to value their uniqueness.

Don't break their spirit with words and expect them to dream boldly.

I never got to experience what it truly means to be a child. It has taken years of unlearning, healing, and discipline to stand where I am today.

And to be clear I wasn't raised by a single mother. Something just went wrong somewhere along the way, and it shaped me in ways I am still unpacking.

I poured my ink not from the wounds of my pain but from the weight of my profession, hoping that in between the lines, you could find something worth carrying.

But now it's time. Time to put down my pen, close my laptop, set my phone aside, and fold my books.
Time to step back and unwind, maybe even chase that Master's I've been postponing.
Because even storytellers need to pause, to breathe, to remember who they are without the noise.

I am going on a journey. I might be back tomorrow, or the day after... But at the same time, I'm not sure if I will be back at all.

And that's the beauty and the tragedy of it.

It's been a pleasure walking with you this far. GOODBYE👋

Mind Power

Osman Jeylani Awow Ingredients:
1 red onion – rich in antioxidants (quercetin) for heart health
• 1 head of garlic – natural blood thinner, reduces plaque
• 3 cm ginger – boosts circulation, lowers cholesterol
• 2 lemons – high in Vitamin C, supports blood flow and pressure
• 2 tbsp turmeric – anti-inflammatory (curcumin)
• 1/8 tsp black pepper – enhances turmeric absorption (piperine)
• 2 tbsp honey – lowers bad cholesterol, supports blood vessels
• 1 liter water – for the base

✅ How to Make It
1. Prep the ingredients:
• Peel and slice red onion, garlic, ginger, and 1 lemon.
• Optional: Soak lemon in baking soda + water to remove pesticides.
2. Boil:
• Add all chopped ingredients to a pot with 1 liter of water.
• In a small bowl, mix turmeric and black pepper, then add to the pot.
• Simmer for 10 minutes.
3. Cool & Strain:
• Let it cool for 30 minutes, then strain into a glass bottle or jar.
4. Add honey & lemon juice:
• Mix in 2 tbsp honey and the juice of the second lemon.
• Shake well and store in the refrigerator.
🕒 How to Use
• Take 1 to 2 tablespoons every morning on an empty stomach.
• Be consistent—daily use is key to see benefits.

That's basically what the article says

Cayetano renews push for Labor Commission to bridge wage gap

Senator Alan Peter Cayetano on Thursday renewed his call for the creation of an Executive-Legislative Labor Commission (LabCom), saying it is key to fixing the country's wide wage disparities.

The move came as the Senate Committee on Labor, Employment, and Human Resources Development reviewed the national minimum wage, possible wage hikes, and the push for a living wage during its hearing on September 4, 2025.

"Kung love natin ang Pilipinas, kung love natin ang laborers, [at] kung gusto nating ang mga overseas Filipino workers kapag dumating ang araw ay hindi na kailangang mag abroad, we have to have a labor commission," Cayetano said.

Cayetano's LabCom Act of 2025 (Senate Bill No. 104) is one of his 10 priority measures for the 20th Congress.

The bill seeks to create a commission that can craft industry-specific and region-sensitive wage policies, instead of depending on broad legislated wage hikes that often stall in Congress.

The proposed measure sets the definition of living wage as "the amount of family income needed to provide for the family's food and non-food expenditures with sufficient allowance for savings or investments for social security so as to enable the family to live and maintain a decent standard of human existence beyond mere subsistence level, taking into account all of the family's physiological, social and other needs."

"Y'un nga ang problema sa legislative wage hike. Hindi magkaroon ng consensus. The LabCom will not talk in generalities. It will come out industry specific," Cayetano said.

The proposed commission will include representatives from Congress, the Senate, and key agencies such as NEDA, DTI, DOLE, and DMW. It will also bring in voices from big business, MSMEs, and the labor sector.

Cayetano said this inclusive structure would help develop fair and sustainable wage standards across industries and regions "to achieve the kind of society we aspire for."

"This will help end the endless stream of Filipinos who are forced to leave their homes and families for what they hope would be greener economic pastures continue," he said.

Domestic Liquidity Grows by 6.2% in July 2025

Domestic liquidity, also known as M3, or the amount of money in the economy, grew by 6.2 percent year-on-year to about ₱18.6 trillion in July, according to preliminary data.

Growth of M3 in July was faster than the revised 5.9-percent increase in June.

On a seasonally-adjusted basis, M3 increased by 0.9 percent month-on-month in July.

M3 is a broad measure of money supply that includes currencies in circulation, bank deposits, and other financial assets that are easily convertible to cash.

As a driver of money supply, claims on the domestic sector, which includes private and government entities, rose by 10.5 percent year-on-year in July from the revised figure of 10.8 percent in June.

Claims on the private sector alone grew by 11.0 percent in July from the revised figure of 11.4 percent in the previous month, driven by the continued expansion in bank lending to non-financial private corporations and households.

Net claims on the central government increased by 7.1 percent from the revised figure of 7.7 percent in the previous month, driven by its higher borrowings.

Net foreign assets (NFA) in peso terms decreased by 0.6 percent year-on-year in July from the 1.7-percent decline in June.

The BSP's NFA fell by 1.2 percent primarily due to the decline in gross international reserves from a year ago. Meanwhile, the NFA of banks grew on account of larger holdings of foreign currency-denominated debt instruments.

The BSP will continue to ensure that domestic liquidity conditions remain consistent with its price and financial stability objectives.

Bank Lending Expands by 11.8% in July

            Outstanding loans from universal and commercial banks (U/KBs) to businesses and individual consumers rose in July.

Preliminary data show that loans from U/KBs[1] expanded at a slower rate of 11.8 percent year-on-year in July from 12.1 percent in June.

After adjusting for seasonal fluctuations, outstanding U/KB loans grew by 0.7 percent month-on-month in July.

Outstanding loans to residents increased by 12.4 percent in July from 12.6 percent in June. Outstanding loans to non-residents[2] decreased further by 8.1 percent in July from a 6.4-percent decline in the previous month.

Loans meant to fund business activities expanded by a slower pace of 10.8 percent in July from 11.1 percent in June. Lending increased for the following key industries: real estate activities (10.7 percent); electricity, gas, steam, and air-conditioning supply (30.3 percent); wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (8.5 percent); financial and insurance activities (13.1 percent); and information and communication (8.5 percent).

                Consumer loans to residents—which include credit card, motor vehicle, and general-purpose salary loans—grew by 23.6 percent from 24.0 percent.

The BSP monitors bank loans because they are a key transmission channel of monetary policy. Looking ahead, the BSP will ensure that domestic liquidity and bank lending conditions remain aligned with its price and financial stability objectives.

BSP statement on the medium-term inflation path

The August 2025 inflation is within the BSP's forecast range of 1.0 to 1.8 percent. Inflation is projected to average below the low-end of the target range in 2025, primarily due to the continued easing of rice prices.

The outlook for inflation is broadly unchanged. For 2026 and 2027, inflation is expected to trend higher but will remain firmly within the 3.0% + 1.0 ppt target range. Inflation expectations also remain firmly anchored to the target. Meanwhile, possible electricity rate adjustments and higher rice tariffs could raise inflationary pressures over the policy horizon.

The Monetary Board observed that domestic demand has held firm. However, the impact of US policies on global trade and investment continue to weigh on global economic activity. This could temper the outlook for the Philippine economy.

Emerging risks will continue to require close monitoring. The Monetary Board will determine the monetary policy response based on the evolving outlook for inflation and growth.

Going forward, the BSP will safeguard price stability by ensuring monetary policy settings are conducive to sustainable economic growth and employment.

Here's a refined list of legitimately free certificate options—no payment, no strings, and yes, you can upload them to LinkedIn:

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Cayetano bats for lifestyle checks on public officials

Senator Alan Peter Cayetano has urged the Office of the Ombudsman to proactively conduct lifestyle checks on public officials, emphasizing the role of such checks as a deterrent to corruption.

Cayetano raised the proposal during his line of inquiry to candidates vying to become the next Ombudsman in interviews conducted by the Judicial and Bar Council (JBC) from August 28 to September 2, 2025.

Cayetano serves as the Senate's representative to the JBC in his capacity as Chair of the Senate Committee on Justice and Human Rights.

"I'd really like for you to consider lifestyle checks. Kasi kung wala, there's no deterrent," Cayetano told one interviewee.

He explained that lifestyle checks help verify whether a public official's actual lifestyle aligns with the declared net worth and asset accumulation in the official's Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Net Worth (SALN).

"Ngayon sa social media, kapag nakita sa SALN mo na meron kang P5 million, but because all of that were acquired in the 1970s to 80s, and you have a car or watch, they automatically think you're corrupt. On the other hand, if you say no to lifestyle checks, many will be flaunting their wealth," he said.

Cayetano underscored the need for public servants to live simply and avoid ostentatious displays of wealth. He said this in the context of alleged corruption issues in flood control and ghost projects.

He also reiterated the importance of selecting a morally upright and proactive Ombudsman to lead the country's anti-corruption efforts.

"Napakahalaga na tama ang mapili nating Ombudsman. Given y'ung nangyayari ngayon sa Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), given y'ung perennial na nangyayari sa iba't ibang departamento, having a very proactive but balanced Ombudsman will really change so much," he said.

Cayetano emphasized that the choice of the next Ombudsman is crucial in restoring public trust in government institutions.

"I think who the next Ombudsman is will determine whether people will totally lose confidence in any government official," he said.

"If we have a good Ombudsman, I really believe na pwedeng bumalik ang tiwala ng tao sa public officials," he added.

[/color][/font][/size]
Singapore's[/color] [/font]Ambassador for Climate Action, Ravi Menon, visited the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) on 20 August 2025 as the featured speaker in a Leadership Insights Session at BSP's Head Office in Manila. The session brought together Monetary Board members and senior BSP officials for a strategic exchange on the evolving role of central banks in addressing climate and sustainability challenges.[/font][/color][/font][/size]
[/color][/font][/size]
Drawing from both his current role and tenure as Managing Director of the Monetary Authority of Singapore (2011-2023), Ambassador Menon shared insights on climate leadership, regulatory innovation, and regional cooperation. He emphasized that[/color] climate risks are now central to financial central banking mandates [/font]and underscored the role of financial regulators in managing these risks. He also highlighted opportunities for sustainable growth through clear policy direction and credible market signals.[/font][/color][/font][/size]
[/color][/font][/size]
The session featured an open discussion with key themes such as:[/color][/font][/size]
[/color][/font][/size]the importance of regional collaboration in addressing transboundary climate risks,[/color][/font][/size]the need to balance adaptation and mitigation efforts in line with country context, and[/color]the imperative of improving climate data and risk understanding across all sectors.[/font][/color][/font][/size] [/color][/font][/size]
Ambassador Menon also highlighted that climate action requires collective responsibility, with central banks, financial institutions, governments, and civil society working together to accelerate the transition to a climate-resilient and sustainable future.[/color][/font][/size]
[/color][/font][/size]
His visit reflects a shared regional commitment to strengthen climate resilience and green finance through leadership, knowledge exchange, and strategic collaboration.[/color][/font][/size]

Cayetano: Siyensiya, hindi pulitika, ang susi sa epektibong flood control

Nanawagan si Senator Alan Peter Cayetano ng mas matibay na pakikipagtulungan sa Department of Science and Technology (DOST) para maresolba ang paulit-ulit na pagbaha sa bansa.

"Science and engineering, not politics, must guide flood control," diin ng senador nitong Huwebes.

Ito'y matapos sabihin ni DOST Secretary Renato Solidum Jr. na may sapat na kagamitan at datos ang ahensya para makagawa ng mas epektibong flood control projects tulad ng digital

elevation models, geohazard maps, at forecasting systems.

Matagal nang panawagan ni Cayetano na siyensya at datos ang gawing basehan ng mga proyekto kontra-baha, hindi pulitika.

Noong 2023 pa lang, hinihikayat na niya ang DPWH na makinig sa DOST kaysa sa kagustuhan ng ilang pulitiko.

Ayon kay Cayetano, malaki ang matitipid ng bansa kung hazard mapping ang uunahin.

"If you spend P30-40 billion on hazard mapping that informs where not to build (and) which river to protect, you may not need P250 billion in flood control in the future," ani Cayetano sa isang pagdinig sa Senado noong 2023.

Inulit niya ito noong 2024 sa pagtalakay sa panukalang budget ng DPWH.

"The pandemic taught us that we really have to be science-based. Pero bakit sa DPWH, in the end, it is the politicians who are followed?" puna niya.

"If the hazard map says 'dito babaha, dito dapat lagyan ng flood control,' then that's where we should build," giit niya.

Sinabi rin ni Solidum na para maiwasan ang baha, dapat isinasaalang-alang ang mga nakapaligid na istruktura bago magtayo o bumuo ng mga bago dahil nagiging sanhi ng baha ang hindi pantay na lupa – bagay na ipinunto rin ni Cayetano dalawang taon na ang nakalipas.

"Damay-damay po y'an. Kung napansin niyo po, ilang beses itinaas ang MacArthur Highway pero hindi naman in-upgrade y'ung iba[ng kalsada], kaya y'ung tubig wala talagang pupuntahan," ani Cayetano sa plenaryo ng Senado noong August 1, 2023.

Giit ni Cayetano, kailangang magtulungan ang mga ahensya at DOST para masigurong tunay na epektibo at matibay ang mga proyekto laban sa baha.

"Science and engineering must lead the way. If DOST can make their tools and findings public, and LGUs use them, we can finally move away from piecemeal and politicized projects toward real solutions that protect our people," wika niya.

Senator Alan Peter Cayetano on Thursday called for stronger collaboration with the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) to address the country's persistent flooding, saying "science and engineering, not politics, must guide flood control."[/font]
[/font]
This came after DOST Secretary Renato Solidum Jr. announced that the agency has the tools and data to support the design of effective, basin-wide flood control projects. [/font]
[/font]
These include digital elevation models, geohazard maps, and forecasting systems.[/font]
[/font]
Cayetano, who has long pushed for scientific data to serve as the basis of flood control programs, welcomed this initiative. [/font]
[/font]
As early as 2023, the senator has been urging the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) to listen to DOST's inputs rather than to politicians. [/font]
[/font]
He said the country wouldn't have to spend hundreds of billions of pesos on flood control structures if the government would only allocate funds for hazard mapping.[/font]
[/font]
"If you spend P30-40 billion on hazard mapping that informs where not to build (and) which river to protect, you may not need P250 billion in flood control in the future," he said during a Senate hearing in 2023.[/font]
[/font]
He echoed this stance a year later during a committee hearing on DPWH's proposed 2025 budget in September 2024.[/font]
[/font]
"The pandemic taught us that we really have to be science-based. Pero bakit sa DPWH, in the end, it is the politicians who are followed?" he said.[/font]
[/font]
"If the hazard map says 'dito babaha, dito dapat lagyan ng flood control,' then that's where we should build," he explained.[/font]
[/font]
In his press conference, Solidum stressed that infrastructure must be planned in harmony with surrounding structures, roads, and communities because elevated roads and subdivisions worsen flooding – a point Cayetano had raised two years ago during a Senate session. [/font]

[/font]
"Damay-damay po y'an. Kung napansin niyo po, ilang beses itinaas ang MacArthur Highway pero hindi naman in-upgrade y'ung iba[ng kalsada], kaya y'ung tubig wala talagang pupuntahan," Cayetano said during August 1, 2023's plenary session.[/font]
[/font]
The senator reiterated that closer cooperation between government agencies and DOST will help ensure flood control projects are truly effective and resilient.[/font]
[/font]
"Science and engineering must lead the way. If DOST can make their tools and findings public, and LGUs use them, we can finally move away from piecemeal and politicized projects toward real solutions that protect our people," Cayetano said.[/font]

04 August 2025[/font]
[/font]
[/b][/font]
The Monetary Board of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) approved US$4.89 billion worth of proposed public sector foreign borrowings in the second quarter of the year, up by US$0.99 billion or 25.38 percent from US$3.90 billion in the same period last year.[/font]
[/font]
The approved foreign borrowings have [/font]medium- to long-term maturities. [/font]These consist of eight ( project loans worth US$4.14 billion and three (3) program loans amounting to US$0.75 billion.[/font][/font]
[/font]
The loans are meant to fund projects and programs on road and rail transport, flood control management[/font], climate resilience, health services, and civil service modernization.[/font][/font]
[/font]
[/font]
[/font]
Under the law,[/font] [ii][/font][/url] all foreign borrowing proposals by the National Government, government agencies, and government financial institutions as well as loans to be guaranteed by the national government require prior approval of the BSP's Monetary Board. This is in line with the BSP's tasks of ensuring that the country's foreign debt remains manageable.[/font][/font][/i]

Preliminary data from the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) show that loans from U/KBs[1][/font] expanded by 12.1 percent year-on-year in June from 11.3 percent in May.[/font][/font]
After adjusting for seasonal fluctuations, outstanding U/KB loans increased by 1.2 percent in June compared with the previous month.[/font]
Outstanding loans to residents grew by 12.6 percent in June from 11.8 percent in May. Outstanding loans to non-residents[2][/font] [/font]contracted by 6.4 percent in June, following a 6.6-percent decline a month ago.[/font][/font]
Loans meant to fund business activities went up by 11.1 percent in June from a 10.2-percent growth in May. Loan growth expanded faster as lending increased for the following key industries: real estate activities (9.9 percent); electricity, gas, steam and airconditioning supply (29.2 percent);  financial and insurance activities (12.0 percent); and transportation and storage (15.9 percent).[/font]
Consumer loans to residents—which include credit card, motor vehicle, and general-purpose salary loans—grew by 24.0 percent in June from 23.7 percent in May.[/font]
The BSP monitors bank loans because they are a key transmission channel of monetary policy. Looking ahead, the BSP will ensure that domestic liquidity and bank lending conditions remain consistent with its price and financial stability mandates.[/font]

[/size]
For 2026 and 2027, inflation is expected to trend higher but will remain firmly within the 2.0 to 4.0 percent target range. Global economic activity is showing signs of deceleration, influenced by uncertainty over US trade policy and ongoing geopolitical conflict in the Middle East. These developments may contribute to slower domestic growth.[/font][/size]
[/font][/size]
. Emerging risks to inflation from rising geopolitical tensions and external policy uncertainty will require closer monitoring, alongside the continued assessment of the impact of prior monetary policy adjustments.[/font][/size]
Going forward, the BSP will safeguard price stability while ensuring that monetary policy settings are conducive to sustainable economic growth and employment.[/font][/size]

Year-on-year headline inflation fell from 1.4 percent in June to 0.9 percent in July, within the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas' forecast range of 0.5 to 1.3 percent for the month.[/font]
This brings the average inflation for the first seven months of the year to 1.7 percent, below the government's inflation target range of 2 to 4 percent.[/font]
Non-food inflation eased due to the slower inflation for electricity, gas, and other fuels, and downward adjustments in prices of some petroleum products. Meanwhile, food inflation fell as rice and vegetable prices continued to decline. Rice prices decreased, driven mainly by lower international rice prices, sufficient supply, and direct government measures to stabilize prices.[/font]
On a month-on-month seasonally adjusted basis, headline inflation was steady at 0.1 percent in July relative to the previous month. Meanwhile, core inflation increased slightly from 2.2 percent in June to 2.3 percent in July. Nonetheless, underlying price pressures remain manageable.[/font][/font]
Inflation is projected to fall below the target in 2025 before returning to the target range in  2026 and 2027. Emerging risks to inflation from shifts in US trade policy and ongoing geopolitical conflict in the Middle East will continue to require close monitoring.[/font]
Going forward, the BSP will continue to safeguard price stability conducive to sustainable economic growth and employment.[/font]

The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) is taking action to protect financial consumers from the risks associated with online gambling. It is finalizing new rules, developed following public consultation, that will require banks, e-wallets, and other financial service providers to adopt stronger safeguards against gambling-related harm. [/font][/size]
[/font][/size]
The upcoming measures will include:[/font][/size]
[/font][/size]Strict identity verification, including biometric checks, such as facial recognition, to ensure only eligible individuals can use their funds for online gamblingDaily limits on gambling-related transfers to reduce excessive financial losses[/font]Time-based restrictions on gambling payments to help curb impulsive behavior[/font]User tools for setting personal spending caps, taking voluntary breaks, or self-excluding from gambling transactions.[/font][/font][/size] [/font][/size]
These safeguards aim to reduce the risks of addiction, fraud, and financial harm while promoting the responsible use of digital financial services.[/font][/size]
[/font][/size]
The BSP remains committed to maintaining a safe, secure, and inclusive digital finance ecosystem for all Filipinos.[/font][/size]

The Philippines' gross international reserves (GIR) declined slightly in July 2025 mainly due to lower global gold prices and the national government's drawdowns on its foreign currency deposits with the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) to service external debt obligations.[/font]
[/font]
GIR declined from US$106.0 billion as of end-June 2025 to US$105.7 billion at end-July 2025, according to preliminary data.[/font]
[/font]
GIR are made up of foreign-denominated securities, foreign exchange, and other assets including gold. GIR help a country finance its imports and foreign debt obligations, stabilize its currency, and provide a buffer against external economic shocks.[/font]
[/font]
The latest GIR level provides a robust external liquidity buffer, equivalent to 7.2 months' worth of imports of goods and payments of services and primary income.[1][/font][/color][/font]
[/font]
Moreover, it covers about 3.4 times the country's short-term external debt based on residual maturity.[2][/font][/color]^{,[3][/font][/url]}  [/font] [/font][/font]
[/font]
Similarly, the net international reserves decreased by US$0.3 billion from US$106.0 billion as of end-June 2025 to US$105.7 billion as of end-July 2025.[4][/font][/color][/font]

[/b][/font]
Net foreign direct investments (FDI) into the Philippines rose year-on-year in May, with inflows from the United States and into manufacturing taking the lead.[/font][/font]
[/font]
Data from the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas [/font][/color]showed that net inflow of FDIs in May 2025 grew by 21.3 percent, increasing from US$483 million in May 2024 to US$586 million (Figure 1).^1,2[/font][/font]

Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) Governor Eli M. Remolona (left) administered the oath of office of BSP Assistant Governor Lyn I. Javier as the new Deputy Governor of the BSP's Financial Supervision Sector (FSS) on 11 August 2025 at the central bank's head office in Manila.[/font]
[/font]
Deputy Governor Javier succeeds former Deputy Governor Chuchi G. Fonacier, who retired on 01 August 2025. Deputy Governor Javier will lead the BSP in supervising banks and other financial institutions under its jurisdiction, in line with the central bank's mandate of promoting financial stability. [/font]
[/font]
After joining the central bank as Bank Officer at the BSP's supervision sector in 1998, Ms. Javier rose from the ranks to assume the position of Assistant Governor of the FSS' Policy and Specialized Supervision Sub-Sector in 2021.[/font]
[/font]
As Assistant Governor, she has overseen the development of supervisory policy and data management, as well as the supervision of financial institutions' treasury, trust, information technology, and anti-money laundering operations.[/font]
[/font]
Deputy Governor Javier earned a Master of Business Administration degree from the Ateneo de Manila University and a bachelor's degree in Business Administration and Accountancy, cum laude, from the University of the Philippines.[/font]
[/font]
She is a certified public accountant and represents the BSP in the Financial Reporting Standards Council.  She has likewise served as the designated BSP representative to the Basel Consultative Group, the Executives' Meeting of East Asia-Pacific Central Banks Working Group on Banking Supervision, and the Network for Greening the Financial System-Workstream on Scaling Up Green Finance.[/font]

2 September 2025 Manila, Philippines — A new study from Filipino-focused sociocultural research firm The Fourth Wall[/url] reveals many Filipino online gambling players are unaware of the risks from playing on unregulated platforms, leaving them exposed to various dangers, such as financial losses, privacy concerns, and underage participation.[/font][/size]The study surveyed hundreds of current online gambling players from urbanized areas across Mega Manila, Metro Cebu, and Metro Davao who have experience playing on unregulated platforms.[/size]According to the study, about 55% of players admit they are unaware of the legal risks tied to these sites, while another 33% say they know "a little." Meanwhile, only 12% of them find the rules clear, highlighting a significant knowledge gap.[/size]This limited awareness contributes to a lack of trust. When asked about their confidence, 39% of players express skepticism about the platforms' fairness, compared with just 27% who feel confident. Another 28% remain neutral, reflecting a general uncertainty or a lack of visibility into how these systems work. This mirrors players' overall sentiments, with 32% remaining undecided or neutral, and 27% reporting feeling more uneasy than confident.[/size]The Fourth Wall Research Director John Brylle L. Bae highlights that player behavior is primarily driven by their personal perceptions and experiences rather than a platform's features.[/size]"Our study reveals confidence, fairness, and profitability matter more than platform features such as betting limits or affiliate programs. This explains why players, despite the uncertainty and uneasiness, continue to engage with these platforms as long as they perceive a chance to win."[/i][/size]The study found that players on unregulated platforms play more heavily, with 41% playing 2-3 times a week, while nearly a third play 4 or more times a week. They also place higher bets, from PHP 100 to PHP 499, and occasionally up to PHP 1,000. These high-risk habits often lead to greater losses, with 41% of players reporting they stopped engaging in them primarily due to financial losses.[/size]The majority of players on unregulated platforms are between 26 and 45 years old, come from lower-income brackets, and see gambling as a form of casual leisure. [/size]The study categorized players based on their exposure to risk. The majority (44% of respondents) are profiled as "high-stakes losers,"[/i] or individuals who exclusively play on unregulated platforms and frequently place high bets, revealing high-risk, unprofitable behavior. Meanwhile, 28% of players surveyed are classified as [/font]"perceived winners," [/font][/i]those who play on unregulated sites with frequent medium bets, and perceived wins outweigh losses. About 17% of them are so-called [/font]"casual break-even players,"[/font][/i] who prioritize low-risk entertainment over high-stakes wins, and 11% are [/font]"regulated converts,"[/font][/i] individuals who play on both regulated and unregulated sites, but tend to play regulated more frequently.[/font][/font][/size]Among those surveyed, about 32% prefer Bingo Plus as their preferred regulated site, while JiliBet is the most frequently accessed unregulated platform (28%).[/size]Players cite unregulated platforms as their primary choice for their greater game variety, faster transactions, convenient payment options, and more frequent promotions. However, factors such as trust and reputation play a smaller role in their decision-making. The study further reveals that these sites lack crucial safeguards. About 65% of players do not recall seeing any fairness certifications on unregulated platforms, and nearly one in five admit they do not actively look for them. Furthermore, over 90% of players report being able to join with little to no verification, and 80% report no betting limits, leaving vulnerable groups exposed, unlike in regulated platforms with stricter controls.[/size]A separate analysis by The Fourth Wall found significant contrasts between regulated and unregulated online gambling platforms, including the offering of games not verified by the Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR), a lack of Know Your Customer (KYC) procedures, more lucrative marketing and affiliate structures, and inconsistent customer service. These differences expose players to various risks, including excessive financial losses, scams, fraud, and privacy issues from spam texts.[/size]"Trust, not legality, drives player behavior, and highlights how building confidence can shape their choices. Therefore, policy could focus on shaping conditions such as payment channels, verification systems, or advertising practices that make safer options more accessible and attractive rather than targeting players. Clearer communication around protections, transparency, and user rights may encourage them to prefer regulated environments," [/i]Bae added.[/font][/size]To get full access to the report, you may visit https://www.fourthwallglobal.com/unregplat[/url] or follow The Fourth Wall's [/font]LinkedIn page[/font].[/font][/font][/size]ABOUT THE FOURTH WALL [/size]The Fourth Wall is the pioneering research and analysis firm that interprets data through the Philippines' unique sociocultural lens. It delivers clear insights and practical, actionable solutions tailored to the local context.[/font][/size]
Since 2018, its work has helped transform and grow organizations across the country—enabling businesses and products to break into new markets, guiding workforce development, informing public policy for government and NGOs, and providing valuable insights to the media.[/font][/size]Website: [/color]www.fourthwallglobal.com[/url][/font][/size]

The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) and the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to enhance data sharing in a ceremony at the BSP Head Office in Manila on 29 August 2025.[/font]
The partnership aims to aid the BSP's and DOLE's policymaking through relevant data that they produce and share.[/font]
According to Governor Eli M. Remolona, Jr., "The MOU strengthens our ability to see the whole picture. With secure and timely data sharing, we can respond faster and smarter."[/font]
"Together, we can align our policies to serve the Filipino people better. I am excited for what this partnership will bring. Good data lead to good policy, and good policy leads to good progress," the Governor added.[/font]
In his message of cooperation, Labor Secretary Bienvenido E. Laguesma said, "We at DOLE are optimistic and confident that this strategic partnership will drive progress that genuinely reaches all Filipinos, especially our jobseekers—ultimately strengthening our employment facilitation services, our nation's workforce, and elevating the quality of employment available to every Filipino."[/font]
Leveraging DOLE's data sets enables the BSP to closely monitor labor market conditions and craft relevant policies to ensure price stability.[/font]
Using DOLE's labor market data, the BSP will produce research that can help DOLE strengthen its employment policies, sharpen labor market strategies, and improve the delivery of employment facilitation services.[/font]
Under the MOU, both parties commit to uphold data privacy and security, in accordance with the Data Privacy Act of 2012 and relevant guidelines from the National Privacy Commission.[/font]

Scientists have made a major breakthrough in cancer treatment with a new mRNA-based vaccine that shows the ability to create long-lasting immunity in patients. Unlike traditional treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation, which can damage healthy cells along with cancerous ones, this vaccine is designed to teach the immune system to recognize and attack tumor cells directly. Early clinical trials have shown that some patients remained cancer-free for years after treatment.
The vaccine works by using messenger RNA technology, the same platform that enabled COVID-19 vaccines. Scientists encode the mRNA with instructions that trigger the body to produce proteins similar to those found in cancer cells. The immune system then learns to identify these proteins as threats and develops a lasting defense mechanism, essentially "training" the body to destroy cancer on its own.
What makes this development extraordinary is its personalized approach. Every tumor is unique, and the vaccine can be tailored to target the specific mutations of a patient's cancer. This marks a huge leap forward from traditional "one-size-fits-all" treatments, offering hope for people with hard-to-treat or recurrent cancers. It also opens possibilities for preventive use in patients with high genetic risks.
If widely adopted, mRNA cancer vaccines could transform oncology. They promise fewer side effects, stronger patient outcomes, and a future where cancer is not a death sentence but a disease the immune system can keep under control. Researchers believe this innovation is paving the way for long-term cures rather than temporary treatments.
#CancerVaccine #mRNA #MedicalBreakthrough #HealthcareInnovation #FutureMedicine

MOST POWERFUL COAST GUARD IN SOUTHEAST ASIA 🇵🇭🇵🇭🇵🇭 Days of China's bullying numbered?


The Philippine Coast Guard is set to become the "Most Powerful Coast Guard" in South East Asian Region within 4-6 years.


Amidst the public image of being harassed by China, the PCG is quietly undergoing rapid modernization and expansion of it's fleet and manpower.


Within 4-6 years, the PCG will add 46 new Ships to it's Fleet, and thousands more in personnel to man those additional Vessels and logistics.


Among the new Ships expected are five 97-meter cutters from Japan, 40 units of 35-meter vessels from France and 1 unit of 60-meter cutter will be built in a shipyard in Cebu.


With more vessels being eyed, the numbers will just keep getting higher. New bases will have to be constructed as these new Ships arrive.


Is China's days of Bullying numbered? The day will come when the PCG will have the upper hand in the West Philippine Sea.


Source:
https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/929436/pcg-to-become-the-most-powerful-coast-guard-in-sea-gavan/story/

🛺 Cheapest Way to Temple of Leah, Cebu 
Here's the most budget-friendly route from downtown Cebu City:


🪙 Total Cost: Around ₱20–₱50 per person


🧭 Step-by-Step Guide:
1. Ride a Jeepney 
   - Take a 04D, 04I, or 04H jeepney bound for Lahug–Busay. 
   - Fare: ₱15–₱20 
   - Ask the driver to drop you off near the Temple of Leah access road.


2. Walk to the Temple 
   - From the drop-off point, it's a 5-minute uphill walk to the entrance.


3. Pay Entrance Fee 
   - Temple of Leah charges ₱50 per person for entry. 
   - Open daily from 6:00 AM to 11:00 PM.


🛵 Optional Upgrade: Habal-Habal (Motorcycle Taxi)
If you prefer not to walk:
- From JY Square Mall, hire a habal-habal to the temple.
- Fare: ₱100–₱150 per person, one-way.


Let me know if you want to pair it with a trip to Sirao Garden or need a route from Mactan or Pier 1. I can map that out too!

🏪 Origins and Evolution
- Founded in 1927 in Dallas, Texas, as the Southland Ice Company, selling ice and basic groceries.
- Renamed Tote'm Stores in 1928, a play on the word "tote" (to carry), with some stores featuring totem poles.
- In 1946, the name changed to 7-Eleven to reflect its extended hours: 7 a.m. to 11 p.m.—a novelty at the time.
- The company pioneered 24/7 operations, introduced the Slurpee in 1965, and became a franchise leader.


🌍 Global Expansion and Ownership
- In 1973, Japanese retailer Ito-Yokado signed a franchise agreement to bring 7-Eleven to Japan.
- By 1991, Ito-Yokado acquired a 70% stake in Southland Corporation (then the parent of 7-Eleven).
- In 2005, it completed a full acquisition, making 7-Eleven, Inc. a wholly owned subsidiary of Seven-Eleven Japan, itself part of Seven & i Holdings, based in Tokyo.
- Today, Seven & i Holdings owns over 85,000 stores globally, with the largest concentration in Japan.


🇵🇭 Philippine Context
- Locally, Philippine Seven Corporation (PSC) was established in 1982 and opened the first 7-Eleven store in 1984 in Quezon City.
- PSC operates under a master license from 7-Eleven International and is publicly listed on the Philippine Stock Exchange.

PTPA: APARTMENT FOR RENT
✓₱27,000/month
✓Move-in ready
✓Payment: PDC or Online Bank Transfer
✓Pet friendly
✓FLOOD FREE area.
✓Own Meralco & water meter
✓With overhead water tank.
✓Furnished with glass and wooden cabinets, 1 queen size bed, and 1 double size bed, leather sofa, and tv rack good for big flat screen tv.
✓Lot area: 82.8sqm
✓Floor Area: Approx.120sqm
✓2mos. deposit 1mo. advance; minimum 1yr contract.
✓2 big bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, single covered car parking, and laundry area.
✓Family of 5 to 6 persons only.
✓Location: Multinational Village, Parañaque City
✓Near NAIA, S&R, Duty Free, LRT 1 Ninoy Aquino Ave. Station, & SM Sucat. Walking distance to bakery, spa, dental clinic, Asian massage, Watsons and Uncle John's.
✓For residential only.
✓Direct renter only. NOT OPEN for agents.
✓Pm me if interested.

Imagine embarking on a journey to the Andromeda galaxy at near-light speed. For you, the trip might take only seven years, a short span of your life. But when you return, five million years have passed on Earth. This mind-bending effect is called time dilation, a cornerstone of Einstein's special relativity.


Time dilation occurs because the faster you move, the slower time passes for you compared to someone at rest. It is not science fiction—atomic clocks on fast-moving aircraft have confirmed this phenomenon. The principle is captured in the equation t = t₀ / √(1 - v² / c²) where t represents the time for an observer at rest, t₀ is the time for the traveler, v is the traveler's speed, and c is the speed of light.


As your velocity approaches the speed of light, time for you slows dramatically. Everyday experiences barely notice this, but at relativistic speeds, the difference becomes extreme. The traveler experiences a normal passage of time, while the universe outside races ahead. GPS satellites must even account for time dilation to provide accurate positioning on Earth.


This cosmic truth reminds us that time is not absolute. It bends and stretches depending on speed, reshaping our understanding of reality and the universe. Every journey through space at incredible speed becomes a journey through time itself, revealing a universe far stranger and more fascinating than we can perceive from our stationary vantage point.


#TimeDilation #SpecialRelativity #EinsteinPhysics #SpaceFacts #Science #Fact #Facts

Your skeleton isn't just scaffolding—it's a dynamic, intelligent design that gives you strength, movement, protection, flexibility, and even produces what keeps you alive: your blood. Here are 10 more fascinating things about your skeleton:


1️⃣ Your bones never stop renewing.
Every decade, your entire skeleton replaces itself. Old bone is broken down by osteoclasts, while osteoblasts build fresh bone. This process adapts to diet, hormones, and activity—meaning your skeleton is constantly upgraded.


2️⃣ The tiniest bone can hear a pin drop.
The stapes in your middle ear is smaller than a grain of rice, yet it flawlessly transfers sound vibrations to your inner ear so you can hear.


3️⃣ Bone beats steel in strength.
In terms of weight, bone is stronger than steel. A single cubic inch of bone can withstand about 19,000 pounds of pressure, thanks to a perfect blend of minerals and collagen.


4️⃣ Your skeleton is a blood factory.
Red marrow inside certain bones churns out millions of blood cells every second—fueling your immunity, oxygen transport, and clotting systems.


5️⃣ Your hands are masterpieces of precision.
With 27 bones each, your hands are built for dexterity, capable of everything from delicate needlework to symphonies on a piano.


6️⃣ Bones double as a mineral vault.
They store nearly all your calcium and phosphorus, releasing them exactly when your body needs them for nerves, muscles, or clotting.


7️⃣ Your spine is both fortress and spring.
Composed of 33 vertebrae, it's strong enough to support you yet flexible enough to absorb shocks and allow complex motion.


8️⃣ Light yet mighty.
Although incredibly strong, bones only account for 15% of your body weight because of their hollow, honeycomb structure.


9️⃣ Bones learn from your lifestyle.
Exercise reshapes your bones—running, lifting, or jumping literally sculpts them stronger and denser to match the challenge.


🔟 The femur is an engineering marvel.
Your thigh bone can carry 30 times your body weight, enabling the force behind walking, running, and jumping.


No mistakes here. Nothing by trial and error over millions of years. You were created just right from the beginning.

𝗦𝗲𝘁 𝗢𝗳𝗳 𝗼𝗻 𝗮 𝗟𝗲𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗥𝗮𝗶𝗹 𝗔𝗱𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗔𝗰𝗿𝗼𝘀𝘀 𝗜𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱, 𝗦𝗰𝗼𝘁𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱, 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗪𝗮𝗹𝗲𝘀! 🚂


The adventure of a lifetime is just a rail ride away. Ready to explore four of the most captivating destinations in Europe—without the stress of planning?


🌄 Journey through the rolling hills of Ireland, the breathtaking Highlands of Scotland, and the charming landscapes of England and Wales—all from the comfort of your seat.
🏰 Discover ancient castles, battlefields, and the rich history of cities like Edinburgh, Dublin, London, and Cardiff.
🥃 Indulge in local flavors, from hearty Irish dishes to famous Scotch whisky, all while enjoying the scenic views from your window.
📸 Capture jaw-dropping views at iconic sites such as the Cliffs of Moher, Loch Ness, and the Tower of London.


GoRailTours takes you on a seamless, luxurious rail tour across the UK and Ireland. With flexible travel dates, it's the perfect way to experience the magic of these countries.


Are you ready to make unforgettable memories? Book your rail tour today!

José Bayani "Pepito" Hidalgo Laurel Jr. (August 27, 1912 – March 11, 1998), also known as Jose B. Laurel Jr., was a Filipino politician and lawyer who was elected twice as speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines. A stalwart of the Nacionalista Party, he was the party's candidate for the country's vice president in the 1957 elections.


Laurel was born on August 27, 1912, in Tanauan, Batangas, the eldest son of Jose P. Laurel, who would serve as president of the Philippines from 1943 to 1945, and Pacencia Hidalgo Laurel. His brother, Salvador, would become vice-president in 1986, Sotero would be elected as a senator in 1987. Another brother, Jose S. Laurel III, served as ambassador to Japan. His youngest brother, Arsenio, was the first two-time winner of the Macau Grand Prix.


Laurel finished his intermediate and secondary education in Manila, and enrolled at the University of the Philippines. In 1936, he received his law degree from the U.P. College of Law and passed the bar exams the following year. There, he served as president of the U.P. Student Council and captain of the university's debate team. He was a member of the Upsilon Sigma Phi fraternity.


In 1941, Laurel won his first election, as a member of the House of Representatives from the 3rd district of Batangas. However, his term was interrupted by the Japanese invasion in late 1941. For the duration of the war, Laurel assisted his father, who was designated as president of the Philippines under the Second Philippine Republic, and served as a representative for the at-large district of Batangas in the National Assembly from 1943 to 1944.


Beginning in March 1945, Laurel, together with his family, Camilo Osías, Benigno Aquino Sr., Gen. Tomas Capinpin, and Jorge B. Vargas evacuated to Baguio. Shortly after the city fell, they traveled to Tuguegarao, where they embarked on a bomber plane to Japan via Formosa (now Taiwan) and Shanghai, China. On September 15, days after Japan formally surrendered to the United States, his father, his brother Jose III, and Aquino were arrested by a group of Americans headed by a Colonel Turner for collaborating with Imperial Japan and were imprisoned in Japan. He later joined the rest of the Laurel family in flying back to Manila on November 2.


Laurel's term as representative for the 3rd district of Batangas began only in 1945. When the Philippine Congress was restored upon independence in 1946, he again sought election to the House of Representatives representing the 3rd district of Batangas. He was successful in his bid, having been re-elected to the second and third congresses. In 1954, he was elected to his first term as speaker of the House. He decided not to seek re-election for his seat in the House in 1957 as he was drafted instead to run for vice president under the Nacionalista ticket spearheaded by President Carlos P. Garcia. He was defeated by Pampanga 1st district Representative Diosdado Macapagal of the Liberal Party even as Garcia went on to victory.


In 1961, Laurel regained his seat in the House of Representatives and would serve in that capacity until martial law was declared in 1972. During his tenure as congressman, Laurel had a residence in Mandaluyong. Laurel was among those who, in 1965, recruited Senate president Ferdinand Marcos to join the Nacionalista Party as its presidential candidate against Diosdado Macapagal. He was again elected speaker in February 1967 and remained in that position until 1971, when Cornelio Villareal (Capiz–2nd) of the Liberal Party regained the speakership. During his congressional career, Laurel focused on economic issues. He was an advocate of a planned economy and protectionism.


On the evening of October 9, 1967, Laurel was dining with his aide at Maxim's Supper Club & Steak House in Pasay City when he was shot twice by an assailant, with bullets hitting his face and chest. His aide attempted to shoot back at the gunman who then fled the scene.


In January 1971, after President Ferdinand Marcos voiced the possibility of imposing nationwide martial law in his sixth State of the Nation Address, Laurel voiced his opinion that a declaration of martial law would be "an admission of weakness" for his administration. Laurel's political career was halted after Congress dissolved due to the implementation of martial law in September 1972. However, by 1981, he served as spokesperson of the newly-formed opposition party called the United Nationalist Democratic Organization (UNIDO), led by his brother Salvador Laurel, alongside LP President Gerry Roxas. He was later elected as an assemblyman from Batangas in the Regular Batasang Pambansa in 1984, serving until 1986. He also became a member of the 1986 Constitutional Commission that drafted the present Philippine Constitution.


Laurel had three children with Remedios Lerma: Jose Macario IV (1932–2025), Jaime ("Banjo", 1938–1970), and Milagros ("Lally", born 1941). Jose IV and Lally became members of the House of Representatives, representing the same seat their father had held. The actor Noel Trinidad was his son-in-law.


In September 1965, Banjo was accused alongside four others of murdering his wife Erlinda Gallego and her alleged paramour Amando Silva on August 15, 1965 before a Manila Court of First Instance, with Jose Laurel's brother Salvador serving as his counsel. He was later acquitted in 1968 after the court determined Silva to be the culprit in a murder-suicide based on evidence. Banjo was elected mayor of Tanauan, Batangas in 1967, but died in a helicopter crash in Camarines Sur on the evening of January 10, 1970.


Laurel died of pneumonia at the age of 85 on March 11, 1998.


Source: Wikipedia

🏌️‍♂️ Cebu Country Club is a private golf club, so access is a bit exclusive. Here are your options:


- Member Invitation: The standard way to play is by being invited and accompanied by a club member.
- Tourist Access via GolfPH: If you're not a member, you can still book a round through GolfPH, which arranges access for non-members.
- Location: It's located along Gov. M. Cuenco Avenue in Cebu City, right in the heart of Banilad. You can check out the official site for more details on amenities and contact info.

COTABATO CITY, Sept. 11, 2000 (PIA-12) -- Commuting public making use of commercial watercraft facilities will only be spending more than 2 hours instead of the usual more than 6 hours travel from Cotabato City to Kalamansig, Sultan Kudarat province and vice versa.[/font]
The Southern Philippines Trans-Marine Services Cooperative (SPTSC) owner of M/L Ammerlyne I said their fast craft will now lessen the period of time being spent by other commercial water vessels plying said route.[/font]
The fast track was purchased in Japan by SPTSC by 12 million pesos. It is officially registered to ferry 97 passengers with light baggages. Cargoes are not allowed since the vessel is classified as "luxury" vessel.[/font]
In a press conference arranged by the Department of Tourism Region XII, SSTC Chairman Manuel Lontok said the fare to this air-conditioned vessel is 390 pesos.[/font]
The fast craft which docked at the Cotabato City wharf after its maiden trip from Kalamansig early Saturday morning was boarded by Sultan Kudarat Governor Datu Pax Mangudadatu and officials of GEM, SPTSC, local government officials, and media practitioners to see for themselves the real picture of the vessel.[/font]
Mangodadatu promised to closely coordinate with mayors of the coastal towns of Palembang, Lebak and Kalamansig for the safety of the vessel and its passengers while cruising along the said areas. The management of the vessel looks forward to acquire more fast crafts in the future.[/font]

On November 12, 1970, the quiet coastal town of Florence, Oregon, was confronted with a peculiar and pressing dilemma: an 8-ton gray whale carcass had washed ashore, stretching more than 13 meters in length. As the massive creature decomposed under the autumn sun, the unbearable stench spread through the town. Burying it was impossible, towing it back to sea was too risky, and leaving it was out of the question, as scavengers gathered and the bloated body threatened to burst. Local officials, under growing pressure, were forced to find a solution—and quickly.


The answer they settled on was as bold as it was unorthodox: dynamite. With the idea that a massive explosion would send the remains out to sea for nature to finish the job, engineers carefully placed nearly 450 kilograms of explosives beneath the whale. Dozens of curious townspeople turned up to watch the spectacle, while reporters filmed what was expected to be a clean, efficient solution. There was anticipation in the air, a sense that Florence was about to witness a strange kind of history in the making.


When the charges were detonated, however, the result was chaos. Instead of launching into the ocean, huge chunks of whale blubber shot into the sky and rained down on the beach, scattering the horrified spectators. One massive slab demolished a brand-new Buick parked nearby, while the acrid stench of rotting flesh intensified. To make matters worse, much of the whale still remained, shredded across the sand rather than removed. What was meant to be a clever fix instead became one of the most infamous civic blunders in U.S. history, later immortalized in television footage and remembered as the day Florence learned the hard way that dynamite and dead whales don't mix.


Credits go to the respective owner

40 websites where you can download research papers and theses for free.
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1. Sci-Hub
2. ResearchGate
3. Academia. edu
4. CORE
5. Semantic Scholar
6. PubMed Central
7. arXiv
8. SSRN
9. JSTOR (Free Access)
10. SpringerOpen
11. DOAJ
12. EThOS
13. Unpaywall
14. ScienceOpen
15. OpenAIRE
16. OSF Preprints
17. PaperPanda
18. Bielefeld Academic Search Engine
19. ERIC
20. Citationsy Archives
21. DeepDyve
22. PLOS
23. Zenodo
24. BioRxiv
25. PsyArXiv
26. PhilPapers
27. HAL Archives
28. Redalyc
29. SciELO
30. WorldWideScience
31. Research4Life
32. Hindawi Open Access
33. MDPI Open Access
34. Cambridge Open Engage
35. Wiley Open Access
36. Nature Communications
37. EBSCO Open Dissertations
38.OATD (Open Access Theses & Dissertations)
39. Digital Commons Network
40.Internet Archive (Scholar Section)

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In his farewell speech as Nokia's CEO, Stephen Elop remarked, "We didn't do anything wrong, but somehow, we lost." These words became symbolic of how even the strongest companies can collapse if they fail to adapt.


Nokia, once the undisputed leader in mobile phones, enjoyed global dominance with its durable devices and unmatched trust. But the rise of smartphones shifted consumer preferences. The transition from keypads to touchscreens was underestimated, and instead of adopting Android, Nokia aligned with Microsoft's Windows Phone. Unfortunately, the platform lacked widespread appeal, leaving Nokia unable to compete with Apple's iOS and Google's Android.


Another major weakness was its slow pace of innovation. While Apple and Samsung delivered sleek designs, powerful features, and thriving app ecosystems, Nokia continued focusing on durability and basic phone functions. This created a gap between evolving consumer demands and Nokia's outdated offerings.
Internal challenges worsened the problem. Bureaucratic decision-making slowed Nokia's response to market trends, and by the time it tried to recover, competitors had already pulled far ahead.


Nokia's decline now serves as a timeless business lesson: success is never permanent. To survive, companies must embrace change, prioritize innovation, and anticipate customer needs. Those who fail to evolve risk losing even the strongest empires.
#Nokia #BusinessLessons #Leadership #Innovation #TechHistory #AdaptOrDie #ChangeManagement #SuccessStory #BusinessStrategy #Entrepreneurship

Meet John Dee, the brilliant mathematician and royal advisor who first used "007" as a secret signature in his letters to Queen Elizabeth I. This Renaissance genius wasn't just signing mysterious codes - he was the mastermind who coined the term "British Empire" and helped shape England's future as a global power.


In the 1500s, Dee served as Elizabeth I's personal astrologer and spy, using his vast knowledge of mathematics, astronomy, and navigation to gather intelligence across Europe. His pioneering work in navigation helped launch England's maritime supremacy, while his network of informants kept the Tudor court one step ahead of its rivals.


Unlike the fictional James Bond who would later share his code number, Dee's life ended far from glamorously. After falling from royal favor under James I, this brilliant polymath who once advised queens and explored the mysteries of science died in poverty in 1608.


Sources: British Library Archives, Royal Museums Greenwich, Britannica

😿 It's one of the more heartbreaking mysteries of feline behavior. When cats are nearing death—especially older or sick ones—they often retreat and hide. This isn't just random; it's deeply instinctual.


🐾 Why Cats Hide When Dying


- Survival Instinct: In the wild, a sick or dying animal is vulnerable to predators. Hiding helps protect them during their weakest moments. Even domestic cats retain this instinct.
- Seeking Solitude: Cats are notoriously independent. When they're in pain or feeling unwell, they often prefer to be alone rather than surrounded by stimulation or attention.
- Minimizing Stress: Loud environments, bright lights, or too much handling can be overwhelming. A quiet, hidden spot offers comfort and peace.
- Natural Denning Behavior: Cats often seek enclosed, dark spaces—like under beds, inside closets, or behind furniture—because these mimic dens or burrows.


🧠 Emotional Interpretation


While it may feel like rejection, it's not personal. Cats aren't trying to distance themselves from their humans emotionally—they're following ancient instincts. Some cats, however, do the opposite and become more affectionate or clingy. It varies by personality and past experiences.

The invention of the watermill was a major leap in human technology, marking the shift from purely manual labor to harnessing natural forces for mechanical power. Early Greek engineers realized that flowing water could be channeled to turn a wheel, and with the addition of gears, that motion could be redirected to grind grain, saw wood, or perform other labor-intensive tasks. This concept spread quickly across the Mediterranean and later into the Roman world.


The Romans improved on Greek designs by building larger, more complex mills that could handle higher volumes of grain. Some Roman watermills, like those at Barbegal in southern France, operated on an industrial scale, using multiple wheels in sequence to produce flour for thousands of people. These sites are sometimes referred to as the world's first "factories," showing how water power transformed ancient economies.


Over the centuries, watermills spread across Europe, Asia, and the Islamic world, adapting to local environments. In medieval Europe, they became central to village life, grinding flour, pressing oil, and even driving hammers in ironworks. Long before the Industrial Revolution, watermills stood as a symbol of innovation—proof of how ancient engineers laid the groundwork for future technologies by mastering the simple but powerful energy of flowing water.


#watermill #thehistoriansden

On September 11, 2001, a photograph captured by Stan Honda of Agence France-Presse showed a man walking out of the World Trade Center ruins, covered in ash, briefcase still in hand. The image became iconic, symbolizing resilience in the face of devastation, but at first, no one knew his identity. The man was later revealed to be Edward Fine, a 58-year-old entrepreneur who had recently launched a small venture capital firm with his son. He had just finished a meeting on the 87th floor of Tower One and was waiting by the 78th-floor elevators when the first plane struck. Hearing the explosion and seeing debris rushing toward him, Fine quickly sought an emergency exit, urging others to follow. Though he humbly denied being a hero, his actions likely saved lives in those chaotic moments.


Fine described his descent as a terrifying ordeal filled with smoke, panic, and exhaustion. He recalled the urgency to keep moving despite the pain, the fear of fire, and the repeated stoppages that sparked brief waves of panic among evacuees. Along the way, he encountered both suffering and humanity—injured people being carried, emergency personnel climbing upward into danger, and strangers offering small acts of kindness, like wet paper towels to ease breathing. By the time he finally emerged from the tower, minutes before its collapse, he was joined by others equally battered but alive. A priest held his arm and prayed with him as they lay in the street, covered in ash, before employees from a nearby café offered water and helped clean survivors.


Now back at work, Fine reflects on the fragile circumstances that determined his survival—small choices like an elevator ride or a stop for coffee that could have changed everything. For him, the tragedy also revealed extraordinary courage and compassion, what he called "a melting pot of the extraordinary." His story, immortalized in both photograph and memory, stands as a testament not only to survival but also to the strength of human spirit in the darkest of times.

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by John Darby

The year 1227 marked the death of Genghis Khan, a leader whose final command was an extreme investment in secrecy. His funeral procession, laden with the immense wealth and valuable artifacts of his conquests, traversed the steppe under a vow of silence. Every witness, human or animal, was reputedly slaughtered to protect the location of his grave, turning the burial into a dark enterprise. This act ensured the site became an immediate legend, its coordinates lost to history and its luxury contents promised only to the earth.


For 800 years, the mystery deepened. The sacred mountain of Burkhan Khaldun, long rumored to be his final resting place, was declared forbidden property, off-limits to all development. This deliberate lack of growth helped preserve the secret, as the empire's stability and expanding trade routes were a higher priority than charting this specific land. The search became a forbidden opportunity, a challenge unanswered as generations passed and the Mongol business of empire building continued its success.


Today, the hunt is a global endeavor, attracting finance and sparking innovation. Modern search teams employ advanced technology, from satellite imagery to ground-penetrating radar, hoping to make the ultimate discovery. Finding the tomb represents a massive opportunity, not just for historians, but for Mongolias future market in tourism and education. Yet, despite technological growth and scholarly education, the great conquerors grave remains historys most valuable and elusive secret, a testament to a plan executed with perfect success.

On this date in history, August 21, 1911, the world's most famous painting vanished from the Louvre Museum in Paris.


The Mona Lisa was gone. The space where it once hung was empty, leaving authorities and the public baffled. The theft created a media sensation across the globe.


Police launched a massive investigation, but they had few leads. At one point, they even brought in the famous artist Pablo Picasso for questioning as a suspect, though he was quickly cleared.


The culprit was Vincenzo Peruggia, an Italian handyman who had previously worked at the Louvre. He had simply hidden in a broom closet overnight, waited for the museum to empty, and walked out with the painting tucked under his coat the next morning. 🖼️


For two full years, the Mona Lisa was missing. Peruggia kept it hidden in a trunk in his small Paris apartment, just a short distance from the museum itself.


His motive wasn't money, but misguided patriotism. He believed the painting had been stolen from Italy by Napoleon and that he was returning it to its rightful home. This was incorrect, as Leonardo da Vinci had personally brought the painting to France centuries earlier.


Peruggia was finally caught in 1913 when he traveled to Florence, Italy, and attempted to sell the painting to an art dealer. The dealer immediately recognized it and alerted the authorities. 🤔


After its recovery, the Mona Lisa toured Italy to massive crowds before being returned to France in 1914. The publicity from the theft, ironically, is what cemented its status as the most recognizable and celebrated work of art in history.


Sources: Britannica, Historical Archives

Italian astronomer was "BURNED ALIVE" at the stake in Rome 424 years ago, in 1600, for proposing that the stars were distant suns surrounded by their own planets, raising the possibility of Alien life, and insisting that the universe is infinite and has no center.


Giordano Bruno is known for his cosmological theories, which conceptually extended to include the then-novel Copernican model. He practiced Hermeticism and gave a mystical stance to exploring the universe.


He proposed that the stars were distant suns surrounded by their own planets (exoplanets), and he raised the possibility that these planets might foster life of their own, a cosmological position known as cosmic pluralism. He also insisted that the universe is infinite and could have no center.


Bruno supported the idea that the Earth and planets orbit the sun, which went against the beliefs of his time. For speaking out and refusing to stay silent, he was persecuted and eventually killed. His life reminds us that people who challenge conventional ideas often face criticism and punishment, even today, but their ideas help society and knowledge move forward.


Bruno spent eight years in prison under the Roman Inquisition, enduring torture. He was accused of heresy for stating that stars are suns like our own (true), that they have planets around them (true), and that these planets might have intelligent life (modern science is exploring this idea). He also said the Earth is a planet (true) and that the cross symbol was used by ancient Egyptians as the ankh, symbolizing life (true).


When ordered to take back his ideas or be burned alive, Bruno refused. He told his accusers he had only spoken the truth. After being sentenced, he boldly said: "Your fear in passing judgment on me is greater than mine in receiving it."


On February 17, 1600, Bruno was taken to the Campo de Fiori in Rome. Dressed in a white shirt, he was tied to a wooden pole surrounded by wood and sticks. As the fire was lit, he reportedly said, "I die a willing martyr, and my soul will rise with the smoke to paradise." An eyewitness claimed that when a crucifix was shown to him, Bruno turned his head away. Suffering in the flames, he still found the strength to reject the symbol forced upon him.


"All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed. Second, it is violently opposed. Third, it is accepted as being self-evident."
- Arthur Schopenhauer, Philosopher#Amazing #picturechallenge #viralchallenge #healthcare

In 1263, a remarkable turn of events during the Battle of Largs changed Scottish history forever. King Haakon IV of Norway had launched a massive invasion to reclaim Scottish territories, leading a formidable Norse fleet to the western coast of Scotland.
During a nighttime advance, Norse warriors attempted to sneak up on Scottish forces. One barefoot soldier stepped on a thistle, his painful cry alerting the Scottish defenders. This seemingly small incident helped the Scots prepare for and repel the invasion.
While storms ultimately forced King Haakon's retreat, the thistle became celebrated as Scotland's protector. By 1470, it had become such a powerful symbol that King James III featured it prominently on Scottish silver coins.
Two centuries later, James III immortalized the humble thistle on Scotland's coinage, transforming a prickly weed into one of the most recognized national symbols in history. 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 🌿
Sources: Norse Sagas, Scottish Historical Records, Medieval Coinage Archives

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We' ve got you covered! Check out our listings today!


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For More Details & Price
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0906 413 3719
PRC No: 27449
DHSUD No: 03/25-8328