Osaka University and the Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT) co-developed the fuel cell, which measures 20 x 15mm and can be mounted on an insect.
They say the work will lead to forming a wireless sensor network with cyborg insects.
The fuel cell was announced at IEEE MEMS 2014, a San Francisco conference.
If the power source is combined with a technology to control an insect, it will become possible to use insects for wirelessly transmitting various sensor signals.
Flying cyborg insects might realize a wide-area sensor network, eliminating the need to deploy many wireless sensor networks, and be able to go into dangerous areas.
'Insects are extremely successful animals, living almost everywhere on the earth,' the researchers wrote.
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