MikeLigalig.com

"When angry, do not sin; do not ever let your wrath (your exasperation, your fury or indignation) last until the sun goes down. Leave no [such] room or foothold for the devil [give no opportunity to him]."
~ Ephesians 4: 26-27

You say: "I'm always worried and frustrated"
God says: Cast all your cares on ME
(I Peter 5:7)

You say: "I'm afraid"
God says: I have not given you a spirit of fear
(2 Timothy 1:7)

You say: "I'm not able"
God says: I am able
(2 Corinthians 9:8 )

You say: "I can't do it"
God says: You can do all things
(Philippians 4:13)

You say: "I can't figure things out"
God says: I will direct your steps
(Proverbs 3:5-6)

You say: "I can't go on"
God says: My grace is sufficient
(2 Corinthians 12:9 & Psalm 91:15)

You say: "Nobody really loves me"
God says: I love you
(John 3:16 & John 3:34)

You say: "I'm too tired"
God says: I will give you rest
(Matthew 11:28-30)

You say: "It's impossible"
God says: All things are possible
(Luke 18:27)

Poem was written by: Carol S. Wimmer

When I say ... "I am a Christian"
I do not wish to judge
I have no authority,
I only know I'm loved!

When I say ... "I am a Christian"
I still feel the sting of pain
I have my share of heartaches
which is why I seek His Name

When I say ... "I am a Christian"
I'm not claiming to be perfect,
my flaws are way too visible
but God believes I'm worth it

When I say ... "I am a Christian"
I'm not bragging of success,
I'm admitting that I've failed,
and cannot ever pay the debt

When I say ... "I am a Christian"
I'm not trying to be strong,
I'm professing that I'm weak,
and pray for strength to carry on

When I say ... "I am a Christian"
I don't speak of this with pride
I'm confessing that I stumble,
and need someone to be my guide

When I say ... "I am a Christian"
I'm not shouting, "I'm saved"
I'm whispering, "I get lost!"
"That is why I chose this way"

 A woman named Emily renewing her driver's licence at the Transport office was asked by the clerk to state her occupation. She hesitated, uncertain how to classify herself. "What I mean is," explained the clerk, "do you have a job, or are you just a ......? "Of course I have a job," snapped Emily. "I'm a Mum." "We don't list 'Mum' as an occupation...... 'housewife' covers it," said the clerk emphatically.

I forgot all about her story until one day I found myself in the same situation, this time at our local police station. The Clerk was obviously a career woman, poised, efficient, and possessed of a high sounding title like, "Official Interrogator" or "Town Registrar." "What is your occupation?" she probed. What made me say it, I do not know...

The words simply popped out."I'm a Research Associate in the field of Child Development and Human Relations." The clerk paused, pen frozen in midair, and looked up as though she had not heard right. I repeated the title slowly, emphasizing the most significant words. Then I stared with wonder as my pronouncement was written in bold, black ink on the official questionnaire!

"Might I ask," said the clerk with new interest, "just what you do in your field?" Coolly, without any trace of fluster in my voice, I heard myself reply, "I have a continuing programme of research, (what mother doesn't), in the laboratory and in the field, (normally I would have said indoors and out). I'm working for my Masters, (the whole family), and already have four credits, (all daughters). Of course, the job is one of the most demanding in the humanities, (any mother care to disagree.?) and I often work 14 hours a day, (24 is more like it). But the job is more challenging than most run-of-the-mill careers and the rewards are more of a satisfaction rather than just money." There was an increasing note of respect in the girl's voice as she completed the form, stood up, and personally ushered me to the door.

When I got home, buoyed up by my glamorous new career, I was greeted by my lab assistants -ages 10, 7, and 3. Upstairs, I could hear our new experimental model, (a 6 month old baby), in the child-development programme, testing out a new vocal pattern. I felt I had triumphed over bureaucracy! And I had gone on the official records as someone more distinguished and indispensable to mankind than "just another Mum." Motherhood.....What a glorious career! Especially when there's a title on the door.

Does this make grandmothers "Senior Research Associates in the field of Child Development and Human Relations", and great grandmothers "Executive Senior Research Associates"?? I think so!!! I also think it makes Aunts "Associate Research Assistants".

This thread is for my one and only Mommy Liza.

Quote from: Mike Ortega Ligalig on August 06, 2013, 08:38:56 AM
good to see old friends having a great time together.

Michael,

When will we meet up ? I still want to have coffee with you.

Quote from: diablo on August 06, 2013, 07:05:20 AM
i will try to love my enemies. but it's so hard to do

Nothing is too hard when you invite the Holy Spirit to burn in spiritual zeal within your soul. Ask and invite the Holy Spirit and He will make the necessary changes in your life possible.

May God Bless you always, Nong!

Quote from: chicogon on August 06, 2013, 08:14:23 AM
Bran, I have some pics too... soon

Gusto ko mo tan-aw, Fr. Roel. Please post them. I wish I was there. Gi tawgan nako si Ate Ging couple of days ago and we caught up on the activities dinha. ehehehe!

I wish i was there to give you both a super bear hug.

hehehe! wow what a nice drive !

Quote from: diablo on August 06, 2013, 07:04:10 AM
doc,

i have already forgiven those who humiliated me. thank you so much for your advice. in a few days, i move on with my life. enjoyed my stay here in tubagbohol but it was not meant to be. sayang . gi pa balik na unta ko ni mike. was really surprised kay abi ko nga my ban was for a lifetime. mo lakaw na lang ko para way samok. unsaon nga sobra man ka mapa hitas-on ning ahong mga kontra. kong aho silang gi insulto, i was only striking back. kay mao jud ni aho. di ko mahilona kong di ko maka bawos. maayo na lang kay naa man ka nga kanunay nag maymay naho. to keep cool. i am a reasonable man. not idiot or stupid. i thought on everything you said. you are right. vengeance is the LORD's. not for us mortal men. i will not seek revenge. i will not proceed with the operation i was planning.

GOD BLESS US ALL

bals

Hi Nong Balong,

In whatever you do, seek the Lord always, forget not His benefits and promises. In times of joy or in times of pain, seek always the Lord. Render unto The Lord all your hopes, all your pains, all your worries.

There is a beautiful verse from Scripture it is in Book of Matthew chapter 11, which is something I want you to read:

"Come to Me, all who are weary and heavy-laden, and I will give you rest. Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and YOU WILL FIND REST FOR YOUR SOULS. For My yoke is easy and My burden is light."

-Matthew 11:28-29


Unsay buot ipasabot ni Lord Jesus Christ ani nato? He is telling us, Nong, to render all that afflicts you, be it mental or physical worry, pain, and just give it to Jesus. All the worries of this world is temporal and fleeting, my friend. No stress. This life in Earth is but a temporary reprieve from the eternal joy which we will receive in Heaven. Focus on Christ. And you will always find your way....


God Bless and take care !


With Love and Prayers,
Bran

Hehehehe!

Quote from: chicogon on August 05, 2013, 08:26:13 PM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RNcwVEAW4aA#

ChicogoN visits with Ate Ging and YTesski
also with Fr. Loy Estoque
Sacramento, California

O wow! Hi Ate Ging, Ate Tess and Fr. Roel !  

Quote from: Lorenzo on August 05, 2013, 11:27:53 PM
You are so right, Mary. Only through forgiveness can man truly heal. Forgiveness is, in itself, an act of mercy. By forgiving we honor the command of Lord Jesus Christ when he commanded us, "Be perfect like your Father Who Is In Heaven!" By Forgiving, we imitate God the Father, who forgives us through Jesus Christ Who is Our Lord.

If God can forgive us who are undeserving of His Love, we should also forgive those who trespass against us.

The Lord Jesus tells us, no, He commands us to forgive. He can endure the most horrible death for our sakes.

Can we not honor Him by forgiving others as Christ forgave us...?

"Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father which is in heaven is perfect."

     -Matthew 5:48

Quote from: maryhazel on August 02, 2013, 08:12:04 PM
Forgive means to accept the wrongs things the person have done. Pray for strength and guidance to forgive. This is not easy but this is the only way in order to help yourself to move on and be at peace. Once you truly forgive by time you will be healed and be happy.

You are so right, Mary. Only through forgiveness can man truly heal. Forgiveness is, in itself, an act of mercy. By forgiving we honor the command of Lord Jesus Christ when he commanded us, "Be perfect like your Father Who Is In Heaven!" By Forgiving, we imitate God the Father, who forgives us through Jesus Christ Who is Our Lord.

If God can forgive us who are undeserving of His Love, we should also forgive those who trespass against us.

The Lord Jesus tells us, no, He commands us to forgive. He can endure the most horrible death for our sakes.

Can we not honor Him by forgiving others as Christ forgave us...?

Greeted by Filipno fishermen !

Welcome home  BRP RAMON ALCARAZ !

An illustration of a Majapahit soldier

Quote from: islander on August 05, 2013, 04:16:33 PM
too bad that with all its past glory and ancient history, it turns into a khmer rogue on a murderous rampage.  i believe the name was simply used in vain.

You're right, Tita. Sayang ra lageh, gi patay nila 1/4th sa ilang population. With a regime like that, who needs external enemies...

Quote from: Lorenzo on August 05, 2013, 04:19:25 PM
Sri Maharaja Raden Wijaya, the First Emperor of the Majapahit Empire:


Note: the term 'Maharaja' means King of Kings, equivalent to the title of Emperor.

The Mongol invasion of Singhasari consolidated the two kingdoms, Singhasari and Majapahit into one Empire.

Note: The Great Maharaja Raden Wijaya is holding a KRIS.... the weapon of the Malay Race...

Sri Maharaja Raden Wijaya, the First Emperor of the Majapahit Empire:


Note: the term 'Maharaja' means King of Kings, equivalent to the title of Emperor.

The Mongol invasion of Singhasari consolidated the two kingdoms, Singhasari and Majapahit into one Empire.

Aftermath:

The three generals, demoralized by the considerable loss of their elite soldiers due to the ambush, went back to their empire with the surviving soldiers. Upon their arrival, Shi-bi was condemned to receive 70 lashes and have a third of his property confiscated for allowing the catastrophe. Ike Mese also was reprimanded and a third of his property taken away. But Gaoxing was awarded 50 taels of gold for protecting the soldiers from a total disaster. Later, Shi-bi and Ike Mese were shown mercy, and the emperor restored their reputation and property.

This failure was the last expedition in Kublai Khan's reign. Majapahit, in contrast, became the most powerful state of its era in the region which is now Indonesia



Reference:
Wiki

The Army of Majapahit confronts the Mongol Expeditionary Army

Majapahit mobilized an army 100,000 man strong to counter the Mongol force of 20,000 to 30,000.

Invasion

The Yuan forces departed from southern port of Quanzhou, traveled along the coast of Dai Viet and Champa along the way to their primary target. The small states of Malay and Sumatra submitted and sent envoys to them, and Yuan commanders left darughachis there. It is known that the Yuan forces stopped at Ko-lan (Biliton). After arriving in Java, Shi-bi split their forces, sending one group ashore and another to proceed by boat. As noted in Kidung Panji-Wijayakrama, they probably looted the coastal village of Tuban.

When the Yuan army arrived in Java, Wijaya allied himself with the army to fight against Jayakatwang and gave the Mongols a map of the country Kalang. According to the Yuan-shi, Wijaya attacked Jayakatwang without success when he heard of the arrival of the Yuan navy. Then he requested their aid. In return, Yuan generals demanded his submission to their emperor, and he gave it.

The account of the war which appears in the Yuan-shi (Books 210) is brief:

   " …The soldiers from Dahanese came to attack Wijaya on the seventh day of the month, Ike Mese and Gaoxing came on the eighth, some Dahanse were defeated, the rest of them fled to the mountains. On the nineteenth day, the Mongols and their allies arrived in Daha, fought more than 100,000 soldiers, attacking 3 times, killing 2,000 outright while forcing many thousands into the river where they drowned. Jayatkatwang retreated into his palace …"

Once Jayakatwang was destroyed by the Mongols, Raden Wijaya returned to Majapahit, ostensibly to prepare his tribute settlement, leaving his allies to celebrate their victory. Shi-bi and Ike Mese allowed Raden Wijaya to go back to his country to prepare his tribute and a new letter of submission, but Gaoxing disliked the idea and he warned other two. Wijaya asked the Yuan forces to come to his country unarmed.

Two hundred unarmed Yuan soldiers led by two officers were sent to Raden Wijaya's country, but Raden Wijaya quickly mobilized his forces again and ambushed the Yuan convoy. After that Raden Wijaya marched his forces to the main Yuan camp and launched a surprise attack, killing many and sending the rest running back to their ships. The Yuan forces had to withdraw in confusion, as the monsoon winds to carry them home would soon end, leaving them to wait on a hostile island for six months. The Yuan army lost more than 3,000 of its elite soldiers.

Quote from: islander on August 05, 2013, 04:02:48 PM
thanks, toto.  we all belong here, no matter what.

 

The full extent of the Kingdom of Singhasari, which would eventually become the Majapahit Empire:

In 1293, Kublai Khan, the Great Khan of the Mongol Empire and the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, sent a large invasion fleet to Java with 20,000 to 30,000 soldiers. This was a punitive expedition against King Kertanegara of Singhasari, who had refused to pay tribute to the Yuan and maimed one of its ministers.



Background:



Kublai Khan ruler of the Mongol Empire and emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, had sent envoys to many states to ask them to put themselves under his protection and pay tribute. Men Shi or Meng-qi (孟琪), one of his ministers who was sent to Java, was not well received there. The king of Singhasari, Kertanagara, was offended by his proposal and branded him in the face with a hot iron as was done to common thieves, cut his ears, and scornfully sent him on his way.

The Khan was shocked and ordered a punitive expedition against Kertanagara, whom he labeled a barbarian, in 1292. According to the Yuan shi, the history of the Yuan Dynasty, 20,000-30,000 men were collected from Fujian, Jiangxi and Huguang in Southern China, along with 1,000 ships and enough provisions for a year. The officers were the Mongol Shi-bi, the Uyghur Ike Mese, and the Chinese Gaoxing. What kind of ships they used for the campaign is not mentioned in the Yuan shi, but they were apparently large since smaller boats had to be constructed for entering the rivers of Java.

Meanwhile, after defeating Srivijaya in Sumatra in 1290, Singhasari became the most powerful kingdom in the area. But Jayakatwang, the Adipati of Kediri, a vassal state of Singhasari, usurped and killed Kertanagara. Most of his relatives and former royal family members hated him. Kertanegara's son-in-law, Raden Wijaya, was pardoned by Jayakatwang with the aid of Madura's regent, Arya Wiraraja. Wijaya was then given the Tarik timberland. He opened that vast timberland and built a new village there. The village was named Majapahit, which was taken from maja fruit that had a bitter taste in that timberland (maja is the fruit name and pahit means bitter).

Welcome back Tita !

Indeed, a very big and powerful rock star. ehehe!

Its interesting to see that prior to the arrival of the Spaniards, we Filipinos were actually part of two great Malay Empires in the region: Sri Vijaya and then Majapahit.

Quote from: Lorenzo on August 05, 2013, 03:49:56 PM
Foundation of the Khmer Empire:


Jayavarman II (r. 790-850) is widely regarded as a king who set the foundations of the Angkor period in Cambodian history, beginning with a grandiose consecration ritual that he conducted in 802 on the sacred Mount Mahendraparvata, now known as Phnom Kulen, to celebrate the independence of Kambuja from Javanese dominion. At that ceremony Prince Jayavarman II was proclaimed a universal monarch (Kamraten jagad ta Raja in Cambodian) or God King (Deva Raja in Sanskrit). According to some sources, Jayavarman II had resided for some time in Java during the reign of Sailendras, or "The Lords of Mountains", hence the concept of Deva Raja or God King was ostensibly imported from Java. At that time, Sailendras allegedly ruled over Java, Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula and parts of Cambodia.

According to an older established interpretation, Jayavarman II was supposed to be a prince who lived at the court of Sailendra in Java (today's Indonesia) and brought back to his home the art and culture of the Javanese Sailendran court to Cambodia.

Interesting! So, in other words, prior to the arrival of King Jayavarman II, most of the region was ruled by Javanese kings (Malay).

Jayavarman himself was schooled in Java prior to returning to Cambodia to establish his own kingdom. The founder of the Khmer Empire, which would later influence Champa, Sukothai, Phitsanulok, Ayuthaya, Burma and even Champa was, in the beginning, influenced by the Javanese Kingdoms.

The great civilizations of continental South East Asia was influenced by the Malay race that ruled Java and Sumatra.

Reference: wiki

Foundation of the Khmer Empire:


Jayavarman II (r. 790-850) is widely regarded as a king who set the foundations of the Angkor period in Cambodian history, beginning with a grandiose consecration ritual that he conducted in 802 on the sacred Mount Mahendraparvata, now known as Phnom Kulen, to celebrate the independence of Kambuja from Javanese dominion. At that ceremony Prince Jayavarman II was proclaimed a universal monarch (Kamraten jagad ta Raja in Cambodian) or God King (Deva Raja in Sanskrit). According to some sources, Jayavarman II had resided for some time in Java during the reign of Sailendras, or "The Lords of Mountains", hence the concept of Deva Raja or God King was ostensibly imported from Java. At that time, Sailendras allegedly ruled over Java, Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula and parts of Cambodia.

According to an older established interpretation, Jayavarman II was supposed to be a prince who lived at the court of Sailendra in Java (today's Indonesia) and brought back to his home the art and culture of the Javanese Sailendran court to Cambodia.

The Khmer Empire, now known as Cambodia, was the most powerful empire in Southeast Asia. The empire, which grew out of the former kingdom of Chenla, at times ruled over and/or vassalized parts of modern-day Laos, Thailand, and southern Vietnam. During the formation of the empire, the Khmer had close cultural, political and trade relations with Java, and later with the Srivijaya empire that lay beyond Khmer's southern border. Its greatest legacy is Angkor, in present-day Cambodia, which was the site of the capital city during the empire's zenith. Angkor bears testimony to the Khmer empire's immense power and wealth, as well as the variety of belief systems that it patronised over time. The empire's official religions included Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, until Theravada Buddhism prevailed, even among the lower classes, after its introduction from Sri Lanka in the 13th century. Recently satellite imaging has revealed Angkor to be the largest pre-industrial urban center in the world.

Quote from: Lorenzo on August 05, 2013, 03:36:33 PM

Lady wearing heart-shaped sun glasses.

Let's hope she's not a heart-breaker...ha ha ha..

Lady wearing heart-shaped sun glasses.

and da doggies have their share, too!

Beautiful lady blowing bubbles.   

Quote from: islander on August 05, 2013, 03:25:32 PM
angayan gyod mo ani.  ako angayan ko morampa sa stage, hihihi.  aging rocker ang gawas nako.

hahaha! mag rock on diay ta tanan kon maohon.

bwahaha maka hinumdom pod ko ni buwad sanga nga kalingaw mo ingon , "rak en roll, meyn..." 

My dad has gout as well, and I'm always reminding him to lay off the mani and monggo kai mao na ijang paborito. Okey mo kaon, so long as in moderasyon lang. Mo inom man si daddy og allopurinol now before he eats anything rich in protein.

Remind nako sija kai di ko gusto maka dungog nga nag sakit ijang tuhod.

Nong Virgil, you can take allopurinol prophylactically (pre-emptive) so that way og mo kaon ka'g karni, di mo flare up ang gouty arthritis.

he he he! I attended it last year and this year. Loved it! Oh yea, you will love it gajod, Jenneth.

Some pictures of Lollapalooza 2013! Amazing!

tawon pod. nag tan-aw tan-aw na lang si ondoy sa uban...

Lord in Heaven, avenge the victims and may your justice be manifested on those who have disregard to the sanctity of human life. Vengeance is yours, Lord!

Quote from: Lorenzo on August 05, 2013, 02:48:05 PM
Pwede ni iparelieve sa pain associated with your hyperuricemia. Gout (hyperuricemia) manifests, Nong, kai taas ra kaajo ang uric acid sa dugo. Ug gusto galing ka ma wa na ang sakit, you have to reduce uric acid intake (pork, beef, beans etc are rich in uric acid).

To relieve gout:
1. Modify your uric acid intake
2. Allopurinol and/or Colchicine


Regards!

Why do we prescribe allopurinol / colchicine?

A: Colchicine is given because it is a tubulin inhibitor and thus directly reduce microtubule buildup seen in gouty arthritis. Allopurinol effectively (directly) reduces uric acid in the blood.

A2: Despite the benefits of these drugs, the best way to augment this is to reduce intake of foods rich in uric acid. (hinay-e lang ang kaon sa baboy , baka, og monggo!...pwede mag tisting tisting gamay...'jaw lang pag habhab)

Quote from: islander on August 05, 2013, 01:33:45 PM
the side effects scare me.  mawa tuod ang kuku sa arthritis, pero mopuli ang ngutngot sa sinusitis?

mao lageh, these are just some of the documented side effects. for those who have arthritis that is refractory to other modes of pharmacotherapy, this new drug can be beneficial.

however, one thing that alarms me is the liver enzyme effects. liver function tests should be regularly checked when taking this drug. that said, patients with liver failure should be dissuaded from taking this.

Quote from: vrglguapo on August 05, 2013, 01:27:54 PM
Pwede kaha ni sa akong Gout kay sigi ug ngutngut.

Pwede ni iparelieve sa pain associated with your hyperuricemia. Gout (hyperuricemia) manifests, Nong, kai taas ra kaajo ang uric acid sa dugo. Ug gusto galing ka ma wa na ang sakit, you have to reduce uric acid intake (pork, beef, beans etc are rich in uric acid).

To relieve gout:
1. Modify your uric acid intake
2. Allopurinol and/or Colchicine


Regards!

Quote from: Lorenzo on August 05, 2013, 11:35:58 AM
Who was Hayam Wuruk?

Hayam Wuruk, also called (after 1350) Rajasanagara, (1334â€"1389), was a Javanese King from Rajasa Dynasty and the fourth monarch of Majapahit empire. Together with his prime minister Gajah Mada, he reigned the empire at the time of its greatest power. He was preceded by Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi and succeeded by his son in law Wikramawardhana. Most of the account of his life was taken from Nagarakretagama and Pararaton.

Hayam Wuruk born in 1334, the year that Gajah Mada declared his oath Sumpah Palapa. Hayam Wuruk means "scholar rooster". He was the son of Tribhuwana Tunggadewi and Sri Kertawardhana or Cakradhara. His mother was the daughter of Raden Wijaya founder of Majapahit, meanwhile his father was the son of Bhre Tumapel lesser king of Singhasari. Both Pararaton and Nagarakretagama praised Hayam Wuruk as a handsome, bright, talented, and exceptional student in courtly martial art of archery and fencing, also mastering politics scriptures, as well as arts and music. He was known as an accomplished ceremonial dancer in the court. Some accounts report about Hayam Wuruk performances in a traditional ceremonial Javanese mask dance. His mother, Queen Tribhuwana educated and groomed him to become the next monarch of Majapahit.

Hayam Wuruk inherited the throne in 1350 at the age of 16 when the patih (prime minister) Gajah Mada was at the height of his career. Under his rule, Majapahit extended its power throughout the Indonesian archipelago.


Reference:
Wiki



Sri Hayam Wuruk, Maharaja of the Majapahit Empire

Who was Hayam Wuruk?

Quote from: Lorenzo on August 05, 2013, 11:31:43 AM
The regalia of Majapahit Empire

Hmmm, in my observation, it looks like their regalia looks identical to those worn by the Maharajas of Sri Vijaya...

Again, the emphasis of gold...

The regalia of Majapahit Empire

The architecture of Majapahit Empire:

The Majapahit Empire

The Majapahit Empire, based on the island of Java in what is now Indonesia, was a wealthy trading state that controlled one of the key choke-points along the Indian Ocean trade routes, the Straits of Malacca. It lasted from 1293 to 1527. At its height, the Majapahit Empire ruled most of maritime Southeast Asia, from Sumatra in the west to New Guinea in the east, and also including areas that now make up Singapore, Brunei, East Timor, the southern Philippines, Malaysia, and southern Thailand.

Sources on Majapahit are scarce and none too explicit. Raden Wijaya, who defeated Kublai Khan's 1293 invasion of Java, founded the city of Majapahit on land that he received in payment for his services. The empire slowly expanded from there, growing wealthy by levying duties on goods shipped through the area on the maritime Silk Road.

According to the epic poem Nagarakertagama, the empire's apogee came under the emperor Hayam Wuruk, who reigned from 1334 to 1389. We also have some later Chinese records of the empire, including those from the great Ming Dynasty admiral, Zheng He, who visited Mahajapit lands early in the fifteenth century. The admiral's translator, Ma Huan, recorded an incident in which the Chinese intervened in a succession fight over the Mahajapit throne.

The dispute that Zheng He settled was emblematic of problems during the last century of the Mahajapit Empire's existence. The rulers had multiple wives and concubines, and with no clear laws about who was next in line for the throne, chaos broke out when a ruler died. By the mid-15th century, Mahajapit had lost control of its major revenue source, the Malacca Straits, to the rising Sultanate of Malacca. Piece by piece, the lands under Mahajapit power broke free. This process was exacerbated by the rise of Islam on Java, which had formerly been predominantly Hindu. By 1527, the last ruler of Majapahit fell from power.

Sri Vijaya Empire conquored by the Majapahit Empire


According to this source in early 13th century Srivijaya still ruled Sumatra, Malay peninsula, and western Java (Sunda). About Sunda, the book describe it further that the port of Sunda (probably refer to Banten or Sunda Kelapa) is really good and strategic, pepper from Sunda is among the best quality. People work on agriculture and their house are build on wooden piles (rumah panggung). However the country was invested by robbers and thieves. In sum, this Chinese source from early 13th century suggested that the Indonesian archipelago was ruled by two great kingdoms, western part was under Srivijaya's rule, while eastern part was under Kediri domination.

In 1288, Singhasari, the successor of Kediri in Java, conquered Melayu state includes Palembang, Jambi as well as much of Srivijaya during the Pamalayu expedition.

In the year 1293, Majapahit ruled much of Sumatra as the successor of Singhasari. Prince Adityawarman was given responsibilities over Sumatera in 1347 by Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi, the third monarch of Majapahit. The rebellion in 1377 was squashed by Majapahit but it left the area of southern Sumatera in chaos and desolation.



Reference: Wikipedia

The decline of Srivijaya was contributed by foreign piracy and raids that disrupted the trade and security in the region. Attracted to the wealth of Srivijaya, in 1025 Rajendra Chola, the Chola king from Coromandel in South India, launched naval raids on ports of Srivijaya and conquered Kadaram (modern Kedah) from Srivijaya and occupied it for some time. The Cholas are known to have benefitted from both piracy and foreign trade. Sometimes Chola seafaring led to outright plunder and conquest as far as Southeast Asia.

Although Srivijaya mandala still survive and the Chola invasion was ultimately unsuccessful, it gravely weakened the Srivijayan hegemony and enabled the formation of regional kingdoms based, like Kediri, on intensive agriculture rather than coastal and long-distance trade. Srivijaya was humbled by this attack but not destroyed, the resilience of Srivijaya mandala still proven by the ascends of other royal members within Srivijaya mandala to step into power.

What happened to the Sri Vijaya Empire?

New bitaw ni and from my humble observations, effective pod.   

Xeljanz is approved for use by patients not helped by methotrexate, the usual first treatment for RA. It's a pill taken twice a day.

Xeljanz is a type of drug called a Janus kinase or JAK inhibitor. Blocking JAK mutes the inflammation responses responsible for RA.

"Xeljanz provides a new treatment option for adults suffering from the debilitating disease of RA who have had a poor response to methotrexate," says Badrul Chowdhury, MD, PhD, the FDA's head of pulmonary, allergy, and rheumatology products.

Some 70% of RA patients eventually stop responding to methotrexate. Some 1.5 million Americans suffer from RA.

In clinical trials, patients taking Xeljanz had better physical functioning than patients taking an inactive placebo pill. But because it inhibits immune responses, Xeljanz adds to a person's risk of serious infections, cancers, and lymphoma. The drug will carry a "black box" warning about these risks.

People taking Xeljanz also had higher cholesterol levels, lower blood counts, and increased liver enzyme levels. Prescriptions will come with a medication guide carrying important safety information and a plan for informing health care providers about the drug's serious risks.

More common side effects associated with Xeljanz are upper respiratory tract infections, headache, diarrhea, and inflammation of the nasal passage and the upper part of the throat.

Because Xeljanz dampens out-of-control immune responses, it's being explored as a treatment for other autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis.



http://www.webmd.com/rheumatoid-arthritis/news/20121106/arthritis-drug-xeljanz-fda-approval

Grapefruit and Some Medications: Risky Business

Researchers searched the medical literature for articles on grapefruit and drug interaction using key terms. They also looked at prescribing information for recently approved drugs in Canada. Their findings appear in the Canadian Medical Association Journal.

Drugs that interact with grapefruit are taken by mouth. The degree of the grapefruit effect can vary. With some drugs, just one serving of grapefruit can make it seem like a person is taking multiple doses of the drug.

This interaction can occur even if grapefruit is eaten many hours before taking the medication. For example, simvastatin, when taken with about a 7-ounce glass of grapefruit juice once a day for three days, produced a 330% greater concentration of the drug compared to taking it with water. This can cause life-threatening muscle damage called rhabdomyolysis.

“Grapefruit and grapefruit products may interact with a broad class of medications ranging from cardiovascular to hormonal drugs,” says Tara Narula, MD, the associate director of cardiac care at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City. “Some have more of an effect if you take them in close proximity to drinking grapefruit juice than if you space it out, but there can still be an interaction if you take the pill the night before or 12 hours before consuming grapefruit or grapefruit juice.”

“If you consume grapefruit juice and take medications, be careful,” Narula says. “If you need these drugs and there are not appropriate substitutes, you may need to limit or reduce your consumption of grapefruit juice and products.”

The researchers note that grapefruit interaction is specific to certain drugs and doesn’t necessarily affect an entire drug class. This can allow for grapefruit-friendly options.

Never stop taking prescription medication without first talking to your doctor. “Say, ‘I am on these medications, do I need to be careful about grapefruit juice?’”

If you are not taking any drugs that can interact with grapefruit, it is fine to eat and drink grapefruit and grapefruit products, which can be a healthy part of the diet, says Despina Hyde, RD. She is a registered dietitian at New York University Langone Medical Center.

But better safe than sorry. “Double check with your doctor or pharmacist, as it doesn’t really require a lot of grapefruit juice to produce a dangerous interaction,” she says.

http://www.webmd.com/news/20121127/grapefruit-some-medications-risky

The number of drugs that can be risky when taken with grapefruit is on the rise, largely due to the influx of new medications and chemical formulations, a new study shows.

As it stands, there are now more than 85 drugs that may interact with grapefruit. The number of drugs that may result in potentially fatal side effects when mixed with grapefruit increased from 17 to 43 during the past four years. This equates to more than six new potentially risky drugs a year.

The list includes some statins that lower cholesterol (such as atorvastatin, lovastatin, and simvastatin), some antibiotics, cancer drugs, and heart drugs. Most at risk are older people who use more prescriptions and buy more grapefruit.

Here’s what happens: Grapefruit contains furanocoumarins, which block an enzyme that normally breaks down certain medications in the body. When it is left unchecked, medication levels can grow toxic in the body.

It’s not just grapefruits, either. Other citrus fruits such as Seville oranges (often used in marmalade), limes, and pomelos also contain the active ingredients (furanocoumarins), but have not been as widely studied.

THURSDAY, Aug. 1 (HealthDay News) -- The ongoing outbreak of stomach illness linked to the cyclospora parasite has now spread to 15 states and New York City, with 378 cases reported, according to the latest U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report issued Wednesday.

The source or sources of the nationwide outbreak has not yet been located, although health officials at two of the hardest-hit states, Iowa and Nebraska, say they have traced local outbreaks to an as-yet-unnamed salad mix.

In a posting on its website, the CDC said that it "will continue to work with federal, state, and local partners in the investigation to determine whether this conclusion applies to the increase in cases of cyclosporiasis in other states. It is not yet clear whether the cases from all of the states are part of the same outbreak."

Prior outbreaks of cyclospora infection have typically been caused by tainted produce, the agency noted.

While no one has died from cyclosporiasis, "at least 21 persons reportedly have been hospitalized in three states," the CDC said. Most people got sick between mid-June through early July.

Cases have now been reported from Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York City, New York State, Ohio, Texas and Wisconsin.

Cases of cyclosporiasis, which is caused by a single-celled parasite and can trigger diarrhea and stomach cramps, have been mounting through the month of July, said Dr. Monica Parise, chief of the parasitic diseases branch of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The cyclospora parasite cannot be spread from person to person; it has to be ingested via contaminated water or foods such as fruit and vegetables.

"It can be pretty miserable, because it can give diarrhea that can last for days," Parise said.

Cyclospora is a tiny parasite but is devastatingly effective, added Dr. Bruce Hirsch, an attending physician in the division of infectious diseases at North Shore University Hospital in Manhasset, N.Y.

"You can ingest as few as 10 of these little critters and get sick," Hirsch said.

The first reported cases occurred in Iowa, which has been hardest hit with 143 people falling ill so far. The first cases came in late June, with more infections reported through July.

Other states reporting large numbers of infections are Nebraska, with 78 cases, and Texas, with 101 cases.

It takes about a week for people who are infected to become sick.

Dr. Thomas Frieden, CDC director, urged people who have suffered from diarrhea longer than a couple of days to be tested for cyclospora. Antibiotics can be used to treat severe cases of infection.

Earlier outbreaks of cyclospora have been traced back to fruits and vegetables imported from tropical regions like Latin America and Southeast Asia, where the parasite is common, Parise and Hirsch said.

http://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/food-poisoning/news/20130801/stomach-bug-outbreak-grows-bagged-salad-implicated

Trust in the LORD with all your heart, on your own intelligence rely not. 
-Proverbs 3:5