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Enterprise of the Day | 𝗫𝗘𝗟𝗘𝗤𝗧: 𝗔𝘂𝗴𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗔𝗜 𝘀𝗼𝗹𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝘂𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸

In today's rapidly evolving workplace, the dynamics between employers and employees are shifting more than ever before. Xeleqt Technology Innovations Inc.  (Xeleqt), an AIOT-powered decentralized platform, is at the forefront of bridging the gap between productivity and professional growth objectives.

Xeleqt offers advanced technologies that make workplace engagements safe, productive, and equitable with office located at Francesca Dawn Bldg., 24 Orchid St., Capitol Site, Cebu City.

"We want to make work environments smart enough to help employers and employees mutually reach their goals and live better lives through shared productive pursuits" said Norman Curato, ECE CEO and Co-Founder.

Xeleqt-AI, a subsidiary of Spingine Corporation, has developed three major AI-enabled products: Xeleqt Agility, Mobility, and Visibility. These cutting-edge solutions help companies track the safety, productivity, and whereabouts of distributed teams in the field. By designing and developing proprietary software, hardware, and cloud services, Xeleqt aims to solve the most challenging issues related to workforce operations.

Xeleqt Agility revolutionizes HR management by automating tasks, streamlining administrative processes, and offering real-time access to earnings for employees. This not only enhances efficiency but also empowers employees with convenient and transparent access to their financial information.

Second, Xeleqt Visibility focuses on creating a healthy and safe working environment. Using AI-powered work environment monitoring, Xeleqt measures indoor air quality in real-time and estimates pathogenic loads. This proactive approach allows businesses to identify and address potential health risks promptly, ensuring the well-being of their workforce.

Lastly, Xeleqt Mobility provides AI-powered fleet management solutions. With real-time tracking of vehicles, detailed location and movement history, and various alerts, businesses gain full control over their fleets. This enables effective management, optimized logistics, and enhanced operational efficiency.

As the workplace continues to evolve, Xeleqt stands out as a leader in developing advanced technologies that foster safe, productive, and equitable work environments. By augmenting possibilities through AI-enabled solutions, Xeleqt is not only enhancing the company's brand experience but also increasing loyal customers who rely on their innovative products to navigate the complexities of modern workforce operations.

"Augmenting Possibilities" is more than just Xeleqt's tagline; it is the driving force behind their mission to transform workplaces across the globe.

Contact them today at 09177009361 / 09985905086 or email at sales@xeleqt.com.

https://cebuchamber.org/xeleqt-augmenting-possibilities-with-ai-solutions-for-the-future-of-work/

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"Dynamite Rising: James Pagaling's Pivotal Bout for Glory"

Unbeaten James "Dynamite" Pagaling (8-0-5kOS) prepares for his most challenging moment yet. He will journey to the Northern Part of the Philippines to face off against Kenneth Llover, an undefeated fighter from  Penalosa gym. The stakes are high as they vie for the vacant Philippine Youth Bantamweight Title, and it promises to be a battle for the ages.

Pagaling, hailing from Claveria, Misamis Oriental, has captured attention with his flawless record. However, going up against Llover, with his own impressive 9-0 record, presents a formidable challenge. This fight will test Pagaling's mettle and push him to his limits, both mentally and physically. But his manager, Rey Marban, exudes confidence, assuring that the title shot will provide valuable exposure for the young fighter. With national TV coverage MP's Blow by Blow boxing series, Pagaling's skills will be showcased to a broad audience, further elevating his reputation.

Win or lose, Pagaling's journey doesn't end here. Marban Boxing already has plans in motion for the rising star. Following this pivotal fight, Pagaling is set to travel to the USA, joining his stablemates for an intensive training camp. The United States, renowned for its boxing prowess, offers an opportunity for Pagaling to hone his skills even further and gain invaluable experience. It's a testament to his potential and the belief his team has in him.

As fight fans and supporters, we eagerly await this monumental showdown and cheer for James "Dynamite" Pagaling as he steps into the ring. Win or lose, his dedication, hard work, and unwavering spirit have already brought him to great heights. And with his next chapter taking place in the USA, we can only imagine the exciting opportunities that lie ahead for this talented young boxer. So, let's rally behind Pagaling as he embraces this challenging moment, knowing that his journey is just beginning, and the world is watching.

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FLASH REPORT : PCA to celebrate 50th founding anniversary; PBBM to grace national coconut tree-planting ceremony

The Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA) is set to celebrate its 50th founding anniversary on June 30, 2023, and President Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr. is expected to grace the national coconut tree-planting ceremony to be held on June 29 as part of the anniversary festivities.

With the theme, "Honoring the Past, Embracing the Future of the Coconut Industry" ("Pagpupugay sa Nakaraan, Pagsalubong sa Kinabukasan ng Industriya ng Niyog"), the PCA 50th anniversary celebration shall recognize the accomplishments of the Authority during its first 50 years in moving the coconut industry forward, despite setbacks and challenges, while highlighting the vast potential that the industry still holds in driving economic development and uplifting the lives of coconut farmers in the country. Despite recent years of stagnation and decline, the coconut industry remains to be a source of the country's top dollar-earning exports, and the Philippines still ranks only second to Indonesia in global coconut production.

Administrator Bernie F. Cruz notes that the President's decision to personally lead the national coconut tree-planting ceremony confirms the importance of a revitalized coconut industry to his vision of agricultural development and modernization as a driver of economic growth and employment.

"As we communicated to the President, the ceremonial tree-planting shall not only mark our 50th founding anniversary but shall also represent the PCA currently planting the seeds for a resurgence in coconut production in the country, the impacts of which will be felt down the line during this Administration and beyond," said Administrator Cruz. "With increased productivity, product diversification, and engaging our farmers in higher value-adding activities, we expect in the long run to reverse the trends of declining growth rate and share to GDP of the coconut industry, and significantly increase and even double coconut farmers' incomes."

Created on June 30, 1973 by virtue of P.D. No. 232, the PCA is the sole government agency tasked to develop the coconut industry to its full potential in line with the new vision of a united, globally competitive, and efficient coconut industry. It was made an independent public corporation by virtue of P.D No. 961, which first codified the laws dealing with the development of the coconut and other palm oil industry in the country, as subsequently revised by P.D. No. 1468, known as the "Revised Coconut Industry Code," which presently serves as the PCA Charter.

Today, the PCA's core functions include improving the production and productivity of coconut farms; research and development, including market research and promotion of emerging high-value coconut products and by-products; infrastructure development, particularly of seedfarms, research-based plantations, and post-harvest facilities; and institutional development of coconut farmers' organizations and enterprises.

In 2021, a significant milestone in the coconut industry was reached with the enactment of R.A. No. 11524, otherwise known as the "Coconut Farmers and Industry Trust Fund Act," which directed the transfer of an initial Php 75 billion in total of coconut levy funds to a Trust Fund which shall be used for the benefit of coconut farmers and the development of the coconut industry, in accordance with the Coconut Farmers and Industry Development Plan (CFIDP) prepared by the PCA. On June 2, 2022, then-President Rodrigo R. Duterte issued E.O. No. 172 approving the CFIDP, leading Plan implementation to commence at an auspicious moment just at the beginning of the administration of President Marcos, who has made a high priority of the development and modernization of the agriculture sector.

On November 11, 2022, President Marcos appointed Administrator Cruz as Acting Administrator and Chief Executive Officer of the PCA, who was subsequently declared the duly-elected Administrator and CEO by the PCA Board on December 12, 2022. As concurrent Secretary of Agriculture, President Marcos himself chairs the PCA Board as represented by Senior Undersecretary Domingo F. Panganiban in an ex-officio capacity.
Administrator Cruz further noted the significance of President Marcos gracing the 50th anniversary celebration of the Authority which was created under the administration of his father, the late former President Ferdinand E. Marcos, Sr.
"In creating the PCA, former President Marcos saw the need to integrate and coordinate, in his words, the 'then-diffuse efforts of the Government' on promoting the accelerated growth of the coconut and other palm oil industry. Though we have accomplished much, in many ways we continue to face similar challenges, particularly now with the implementation of the CFIDP which involves 15 implementing agencies, including the PCA," said Administrator Cruz. "We believe that our now-President Marcos understands this, the need to further strengthen the convergence efforts of government in order to truly revitalize the coconut industry, which is why he has chosen to give this occasion of the 50th anniversary of the PCA such importance. We are honored and eager to welcome him in this momentous event."

The National Coconut Tree-Planting Ceremony shall be held on June 29, 2023 in Manila with PCA field offices and participating local government units simultaneously conducting ceremonial tree-planting activities in their respective locations. Details on the venue, program, and other attendees shall be provided shortly prior to the activity.

For further information, please contact:
Ms. Joyce Paderon
Administrative Officer IV, Office of the PCA Administrator +63 919 065 6395
Office of the PCA Administrator:
Direct line: (02) 8924 4761
(02) 8929 4501 to 02 loc. 203, 205, 212 admin@pca.gov.ph / pca.ofad@gmail.com

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Documentary by NARISA PISCOS AKA MS HORIZON CHASER/Broadcaster/Commentator/ Documentaries/Writer
Vice President, SciTech Media Inc.,
Happy Morning Show News Online
E-mail add : horizonchaser20gmail.com

PLEASE LIKE, FOLLOW, SUBSCRIBE , SHARE and PRESS the BELL BUTTON for video update.

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IG : Ms Horizon Chaser

Hugot Page : Think Horizon https://www.facebook.com/Think-Horizon-100753841468944/

TIKTOK 1: #horizonmoves https://vt.tiktok.com/ZSdv5oLab/

TIKTOK 2 : #Happymorningshow

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Fly Ready, Fly AirAsia! ⁣
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Here's a summarized operating flights for all AirAsia destinations from June 01-30, 2023 for your convenience!⁣⁣⁣
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Reminder: All AirAsia DOMESTIC flights (except Cebu and Caticlan) will depart/arrive to and from NAIA Terminal 4. All AirAsia INTERNATIONAL flight operations including flights to Cebu and Caticlan (from Manila) will depart from NAIA Terminal 3.⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣
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Visit support.airasia.com and check flights travel requirements page for other details.⁣⁣⁣
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Download the airasia Super App today and book NOW! bit.ly/aaSuperApp⁣⁣⁣
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MAKATI CITY—Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) Secretary Fred Pascual ordered the immediate destruction of an estimated PHP18.8 Million worth of sub-standard steel bars.

The sub-standard deformed steel bars were produced in the local steel mill located in Laguna and were found non-compliant with the requirements of the regulations when DTI, through its Bureau of Philippine Standards (BPS), conducted a surprise factory audit last 20 March 2023. A total of one hundred thirty-six (136) bundles of deformed steel bars were cut into pieces in the manufacturer's warehouse last 7 to 9 June 2023.
"Sub-standard products must be destroyed immediately to ensure that these products will not be distributed in the market for the purchase of unknowing consumers," said Secretary Pascual.

"Our country is located within the Pacific Ring of Fire and the Department needs to be extremely vigilant and has to intensify our surveillance, monitoring, and enforcement of technical regulations for construction materials, especially for cement and steel products. I commend the DTI Consumer Protection Group (DTI-CPG) for their relentless efforts to consistently perform their mandates," he added.

The BPS conducted an unannounced audit when a concerned citizen reported the presence of steel bars in the market bearing an alleged unregistered logo.

During the surprise factory audit, the BPS auditors found the deformed steel bars bearing markings inconsistent with the markings prescribed by DAO 18-08:2018 and MC 21-07:2021 or the technical regulations governing the mandatory certification of steel products.

Subsequently, steel samples were randomly drawn and submitted to the BPS Product Testing Laboratory for independent testing. Results of the tests conducted showed that the steel bars did not conform to the requirement of PNS 49:2020, or the reference Philippine National Standard for deformed steel bars, particularly on elongation, height of lugs, average spacing, mass variations and marking requirements.

The substandard products were cut into pieces using the manufacturer's facility and was witnessed by representatives from the BPS. After the products were cut into non-commercial lengths, the same were transferred to the company's smelting facility for re-processing. The company was directed to conduct analysis on the root cause of their products' non-conformance and was required to submit the proposed corrective measures to BPS for verification.

Only after the satisfactory result of the verification audit and conforming third party test results for covered products shall the BPS allow the manufacturer to resume its operation and production.

"We are reminding all manufacturers that the Department shall not waiver in its mandate to protect consumers. As we continue to promote a conducive business environment, we also expect that manufacturers, particularly of products covered by the DTI-BPS' mandatory certification, shall consistently adhere to regulations in order to produce and distribute only good quality and safe products for the benefit of Filipino consumers," Secretary Pascual emphasized.

Meanwhile, the DTI Consumer Protection Group encourages all consumers or any concerned citizen to immediately report any incident of possible sub-standard or uncertified products to any of the following DTI-CPG Contact information:  Consumer Hotline 1-384, ConsumerCare@dti.gov.ph, ftebsmd@dti.gov.ph, fteb.ed@dti.gov.ph, cpab@dti.gov.ph, or directly to the DTI-BPS at bps@dti.gov.ph. ###

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"When we make peace through ways of peace, GOVERNMENT TRULY WORKS."

Governor Dorothy Montejo-Gonzaga emphasized that the 1st anniversary of the declaration of Davao de Oro as insurgency-free province is a day of reflection, gratitude, and renewed determination.

Reflection of the journey towards this significant milestones.

Gratitude to all the brave men and women, who have tirelessly work towards ensuring the safety and wellbeing of the province.

And renewed determination against individuals who want to impede in sustaining the gains of peaceful communities, and eventually, the progress of Davao de Oro.

She urged the public to combat all forms of insurgency to ensure a brighter and a more prosperous future for all the people of Davao de Oro.

#InsurgencyFreeDavaoDeOro
#SustainingPeacefulAndConflictResilientCommunities
#ExplainExplainExplain

https://web.facebook.com/piadavaodeoro/posts/pfbid02zgw42zpPeqoBTCUw9oZhtqRuhKEiV5raKhwKo9nyoMMocK6NRyVkE2MAJTQvVb1Tl

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How cool is this
In 1960, David Latimer planted a tiny garden inside of a large glass bottle and sealed it shut. He opened the bottle 12 years later in 1972 to add some water and then sealed it for good. The self contained ecosystem has flourished for nearly 60 years.
For those who are wondering how this is even possible: the garden is a perfectly balanced and self-sufficient ecosystem. The bacteria in the compost eats the dead plants and breaks down the oxygen that is released by the plants, turning it into carbon dioxide, which is needed for photosynthesis. The bottle is essentially a microcosm of earth.

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All nursing graduates of UP Manila passed the May 2023 Nurses Licensure Exam, with ten UPM grads placing in the top ten passers list.

Read more here: https://up.edu.ph/up-manila-posts-100-passing-in-pnle-gets-10-in-top-10/

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A violinist played for 45 minutes in the New York subway.  A handful of people stopped, a couple clapped, and the violinist raised about $30 in tips.

No one knew this, but the violinist was Joshua Bell, one of the best musicians in the world. In that subway, Joshua played one of the most intricate pieces ever written with a violin worth 3.5 million dollars.

Two days before he played in the subway, Joshua Bell sold out a Boston theatre, and the seats averaged about $100.

The experiment proved that the extraordinary in an ordinary environment does not shine and is so often overlooked and undervalued.

There are brilliantly talented people everywhere who aren't receiving the recognition and reward they deserve. But once they arm themselves with value and confidence and remove themselves from an environment that isn't serving them, they thrive and grow. 

Your gut is telling you something. Listen to it if it's telling you where you are isn't enough! 

Go where you are appreciated and valued.

Know Your Worth.

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"𝙏𝙝𝙚𝙮 𝙜𝙪𝙞𝙙𝙚𝙙 𝙪𝙨 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙧𝙤𝙪𝙜𝙝𝙤𝙪𝙩 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙟𝙤𝙪𝙧𝙣𝙚𝙮 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙄 𝙩𝙝𝙞𝙣𝙠 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙞𝙨 𝙬𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙢𝙖𝙩𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙢𝙤𝙨𝙩 𝙚𝙫𝙚𝙣 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧 𝙞𝙣𝙙𝙪𝙨𝙩𝙧𝙞𝙚𝙨, 𝙝𝙤𝙬 𝙮𝙤𝙪 𝙝𝙖𝙣𝙙𝙡𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙘𝙪𝙨𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙚𝙧𝙨."- Mr. Vic Valdon, CEO of Geoplan Philippines Inc. on Investree Philippines as their Financing Partner.

Discover how Geoplan Philippines partnered with Investree Philippines to drive sustainable growth and take their business to new heights. Watch their inspiring success story now.

Learn more about us at www.investree.ph. To avail of Investree Financing, apply now at investree.ph/sign-in.

For the latest announcements, news, and updates about Investree Philippines, join our Viber Community now https://lnkd.in/gmi8nGq9.

#InvestreePhilippines #EveryoneCanGrow #YourGrowthInProgress #businesstips #businessfinancing #smallbusiness #SME #fundcapital #businesshacks

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Madayaw! The University of the Philippines Mindanao plans to establish the School of Medicine and offer the Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree to be adopted from the UP Manila College of Medicine.

We are now in the primary stages of collecting pertinent information for the drafting of a proposal for the institution of the graduate program. In line with this, we request students of UP Mindanao who are interested in the Doctor of Medicine program to participate in this survey.

The survey would only last for about 5 minutes and could be conducted at a time convenient to the respondent's schedule. Involvement in the survey is completely voluntary. All data collected will be kept confidential and would only be used for academic purposes.

Alumni of UP Mindanao are also encouraged to participate.

You can access the survey form through this link: https://forms.gle/5evav8vDyg31Qbsy6

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Section 1. Title of the Rules. — These Rule shall be known and cited as the Rules of Court. (1)

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𝗗𝗢𝗧 𝗿𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝘀𝘂𝗽𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘀𝗺 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗸𝗲𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗱𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗼𝗻 𝗱𝗶𝗴𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘇𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲𝘀 

𝘔𝘢𝘬𝘢𝘵𝘪 𝘊𝘪𝘵𝘺— The Department of Tourism (DOT) gathered stakeholders representing hotels, tour operators, and tourist transport providers, assuring them that "nobody will be left behind" in its pursuit of digitalizing the tourism industry.   

The DOT made the statement during a dialogue with stakeholders on Tuesday, 13 June, particularly to tackle the Grab Tours Project, which was piloted last 6 to 12 June. 

Grab Tours aims to bring onboard the tourism value chain by providing access to its all-in-one technology platform that provides everyday services like mobility, food deliveries, financial services—and soon, tour packages.   

"Through this partnership with Grab, we hope to bring into the fold of digital transformation, first and foremost, our micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), which make up the majority of our tourism value chain. We also want to put premium on our accredited tourism-related enterprises (TREs), whose resilience and hard work have kept our industry afloat in the last two years of the pandemic," said DOT Undersecretary Atty. Mae Elaine Bathan, quoting Tourism Secretary Christina Garcia Frasco. 

The undersecretary emphasized the Tourism Chief's objective "to leave nobody behind" in digitalizing the tourism value chain. "Through this digital innovation, we also endeavor to empower our country's tour guiding sector, who we dearly consider as the core strength of our tourism," the chief of staff further clarified the project as a collaboration between Grab, the DOT, and tourism stakeholders.

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𝗗𝗶𝗴𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘇𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘄𝗮𝘆 𝗳𝗼𝗿𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱 

From DOT: After threshing out concerns and tackling the sentiments of stakeholders on using the Grab platform as a new business model to connect more tour operators and travel agencies to a wider market segment, representatives from the tourism industry expressed their earnestness to fully support the project during the Grab Tours Project Coordination meeting on Tuesday (June 13). 

While the majority of the tourism stakeholders— mostly MSMEs—do not have the means to develop a superapp as Grab, they collectively agreed that "digitalization is the only way forward."   

Also in attendance during the said meeting were DOT Undersecretary Shahlimar Hofer Tamano, National Capital Region Director Sharlene Batin, Director Judilyn Quiachon, Head Executive Assistant Atty. Glen Ocampo and other officers of the DOT standards and regulations division.   

Other representatives from the hotel, tour operators, and tourist transport providers present included Aileen Clemente of Rajah Travel Corp, Florence Rivera of the National Association of Independent Travel Agencies, Melody Palomares of the United Travel Agency Owners Association, Lira Sarigumba of Independent Travel Agency and Tour Operators Association, and Victor Martinez of the Philippine Association of Transport Operators, Inc.

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20 life lessons a wise man would share...

1)No One is Perfect.
The quicker this is realized the faster you can get on with being excellent.  Start every morning ready to fight harder than you did the day before and run further than you ever imagine.

2)Avoid over explaining yourself.
  Be confident with who you are.

3)Keep balance in your life.
  Write down what's most important to you and show up.  Sometimes we tend to do the things that are most important to us when it's written down.

4)Play the hand you were dealt.
Have the courage to face challenges head on it builds character.  Start looking for a way through instead of a way out.

5)Be a student of life. 
Learn something new every day.  The day you stop learning is the day you become obsolete so keep learning.

6)No Excuses.
Stop making excuses replace them with ways to do better.  Excuses are a waste of time and energy.

7)Let others know where you Stand.
  Be uncompromising and be up front when someone steps on your core values.

8)Never be afraid of a challenge.
  You put on your shoes like every other man.  Now it comes down to who wants it more.

9)Service to others.
  Small, simple or important be a volunteer and give the very best of you.

10)Work like hell.
Everyone has a job to do so do it.  Cross every "T" and dot every "I".

11)Discover You.
Find your passion, life purpose, and take action.

12)Don't take it Personal. 
Don't be afraid to laugh at yourself self confidence shows that you're comfortable in your own skin.

13)Manage your time.
Our situation and environment is ever changing so be careful not to confuse the things that are urgent with the things that are important.  Look for time wasters and eliminate them.

14)Ask for help.
Life can be tough remember you never have to do it alone.

15)Do your homework. 
Know what you getting into before you start.  Doing your homework reduces uncertainty and fear.

16)Day Dream Often. 
On the weekend when you are relaxing embrace a day dream.  During the week take action to preserve your dreams.

17)Be A HERO.
Cultivate a healthy dose of forgiveness and set someone free.  Learn to forgive others and stop carrying those bags of hate, guilt or regret.

18)Stay One Step Ahead. 
Be proactive, Take the initiative, Brainstorm with the big picture in mind.

19)Self Love.  Become your own priority.  Strive to be the you, you want to be.

20)Finish what you started. 
Avoid the urge to stray.

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6 LESSONS FROM THE HAPPIEST MAN ON EARTH

1. There are many things more precious than money

It is easy to be enslaved by the mindset that money is the most imperative treasure in society. Money is always transient, just like most things in life. It comes and goes, but how much are you willing to pay for the fleeting pleasure? The consequences of a money-mentality are much more damaging than the value of money itself. Are you willing to put your mental, emotional, and physical well-being on the line? There are things more precious than money. Here are a few:
-Experiences
-Genuine connections
-A feeling of purpose
-Genuine concern for helping others
-Eddie says, "there are many things in this world that no amount of money will buy you, and some things are priceless beyond measure."

2. Weakness can be turned into hatred

Weak people lack the ability to maintain any level of emotional intelligence. People who lack emotional intelligence and a strong sense of self are easily influenced to hate. Their values and convictions are not based on strong foundations; rather, they are proponents of radical causes. Hatred is a disease that consumes the human mind to the point of no return, causing significant harm to oneself and others.

"If enough people had stood up then come on Kristallnacht, and said, 'enough what are you doing? What is wrong with you?' then the course of history would have been different. but they did not. they were scared they were weak, and their weakness allowed them to be manipulated into hatred " — Eddie Jaku

3. Tomorrow will come if you survive. one step at a time

The majority of people give up because they feel the suffering will never end. They relinquish control because their vision is clouded by minor inconveniences rather than the bigger picture.

"The closer you get to something, the blurrier it gets," as the saying goes. Be well-rounded, logical, and foresighted. Nothing on it has the word "forever" written on it.

4. You can find kindness everywhere, even from strangers

If you take a step out of your own world for even a moment, you will notice that you are not alone. The most serious problem is that we cannot talk freely about ourselves, our lives, and our issues. You are not alone in the universe. There are people who would happily assist you if you were willing to be vulnerable.

5. One good friend

"The greatest thing you will ever do is be loved by another person" — repeat this sentence until you realise that love and friendship are the best medicine.

I cannot emphasise this enough, especially to young people. Without friendship, a human being is lost. A friend is someone who reminds you to feel alive.

6. Education is a lifesaver

I do not mean formal education when I use the word "education". Yes, formal education is fantastic and brings great opportunities, but life education is much more critical. Understanding the laws of human nature, being mindful of worldviews, and knowing how to connect so that your voice is heard are all examples of life education. To be self-sufficient and not depend on others for a good life.

You may not be able to change the world because it is beyond your power, but you can change yourself. Change is possible, despite what you can believe, but it requires discipline.

Source: Library Mindset

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mWell launches the country's first health app wellness tracker via the nationwide Zumba Fitfest Tour

Continuously breaking new grounds in digital healthcare, Metro Pacific Investments Corporation's (MPIC) mWell, the Philippines' first fully integrated health app, is partnering with the country's top Zumba masters to launch the mWellness Score via the mWell Fitfest Tour Zumba challenge that kicked off in Cebu.

mWellness Score is a personal in-app health tracker which measures the amounts of exercise, light activity, sedentary behavior and sleep everyday using data-driven methods.

The mWell Fitfest Tour is led by celebrity dance diva, choreographer, and top Zumba instructor                   Ms. Regine Tolentino. Through it, Zumba communities around the country will get the first crack at mWellness Score via the nationwide Zumba challenge that kicked off in Cebu last Oct. 7 where hundreds of participants danced the weekend away in the Dance Workout 3.0 Marathon held at the Insular Square in Mandaue City.

The workout series continues in Mandaue, Bohol, Pampanga, Marikina, Las Pinas and Quezon City.  Zumba enthusiasts may join the event for free, dance their way to a healthier lifestyle and get the chance to bring home gift vouchers, shirts, and smartwatches. All they have to do is download the mWell app, start using the mWellness Score feature and flex their scores on their social media pages.

"I'm really excited to partner with mWell for this event. You won't feel like it's a dreaded workout. Just dress up, feel beautiful and empowered as you move to the music. You'll burn a ton of calories too! It will be a blast. By monitoring my mWellness Score as I teach Zumba, I can easily stay fit and healthy, lower the risk of getting sick and be more productive," she adds.

In support of the fitness campaign, MPIC's Finance, Risk and Sustainability Officer and wellness enthusiast Ms. Chaye Cabal-Revilla says, "Zumba is a happy pill.  It's a fun and easy way to be healthy and beat stress at work. In our spare time, we even have Zumba breaks in the office. And with the mWellness Score, you can track your performance versus other mWell app users. This feature also helps monitor step count, physical activity, and sleep."

Through the mWellness Score, mWell mobile app users can easily access a handy guide to developing a healthy lifestyle for long-term health, without having to spend on extra gadgets or wearables.

Designed for those who lead a busy life, the mWellness Score enables app users to be in control of their health, reach their fitness goals and make informed lifestyle choices to prevent chronic diseases. No need for a drastic lifestyle change. All it takes are a few tweaks to make space for physical activity and adequate sleep regularly. To make the path to fitness more exciting, mWell users can set personalized goals, or interact with others on the app, making wellness organically part of their lifestyle. They can get their daily mWellness Score for free by simply clicking on the Wellness icon on the app.

This latest innovation from mWell comes on the heels of National mWellness Day, the biggest nationwide digital medical mission. The fastest-growing health app which provides doctor consultations and serves as a wellness guide, has earlier won Best Initiative in Technological Innovation in The Asset ESG Corporate Awards--one of the world's leading and longest-running honors in the environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) space.

Aside from the mWellness Score, mWell has also made available customized fitness and nutrition programs developed by Olympians and exercise physiologists as well as calorie-controlled recipes created by dietitians and nutritionists.

Download the mWell PH app from the Apple App Store or Google Play Store. Follow mWell on Facebook and mwellph on Instagram for more updates. (PR)

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MCIAA ADVISORY:

All passengers bringing pork meat and processed meat products are advised to declare and submit for inspection to the Bureau of Animal Industry located at the arrivals area. This is a reminder from the Bureau of Customs, Bureau of Animal Industry, Food and Drugs Administration, and the Provincial Government of Cebu.

When hailing a taxi from the airport, please note that there is no obligation to pay more than the metered post.

Meanwhile, send us your feedback about your experience as a passenger in Mactan-Cebu International Airport by clicking this link: bit.ly/3LLSNjo

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List of South American countries by population based on the country population estimates published by the UN ¹:
1. **Brazil**: 216,345,621
2. **Colombia**: 52,070,548
3. **Argentina**: 45,755,620
4. **Peru**: 34,331,683
5. **Venezuela**: 28,801,074
6. **Chile**: 19,627,802
7. **Ecuador**: 18,177,325
8. **Bolivia**: 12,377,134
9. **Paraguay**: 6,855,910
10. **Uruguay**: 3,423,087 ¹
Is there anything else you would like to know?.

Source: Conversation with Bing, 6/10/2023
(1) List of South American countries by population - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_American_countries_by_population.
(2) Countries in South America by Population (2023) - Worldometer. https://www.worldometers.info/population/countries-in-south-america-by-population/.
(3) Population of South America - The World Counts. https://www.theworldcounts.com/populations/continents/south-america.
(4) Population of South America (2023) - Worldometer. https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/south-america-population/.

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Every year, over 30,000 international students choose Taiwan to study Chinese because of its high-quality Mandarin education and unique cultural experience. Taiwan is the perfect choice for you too.  Take advantage of our free consultation services today: https://edufair.aicee.org.tw/free-consultation

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Philippines, Israel Strengthen Partnership in Agriculture, Water Management, and Direct Flights

The Philippines and Israel have agreed to strengthen their partnership in agriculture, water management, and direct flights, following a meeting on Monday by President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. with Israeli Foreign Minister Eli Cohen.

During the meeting, Cohen told Marcos that Israel is willing to share its expertise in agriculture and water management with the Philippines. Israel is a world leader in these fields, and its technology has helped it to overcome the challenges of a desert climate.

Marcos said that he is committed to improving the Philippines' agricultural sector, and that he believes that Israel can be a valuable partner in this effort. He also expressed interest in working with Israel to develop new water management technologies.

In addition to agriculture and water management, Cohen also raised the issue of establishing direct flights between the Philippines and Israel. He said that this would boost tourism and economic ties between the two countries.

Marcos agreed that direct flights would be beneficial, and he instructed his officials to work with their Israeli counterparts to make this a reality.

The meeting between Marcos and Cohen was a positive step in strengthening the Philippines-Israel relationship. The two countries have a long history of cooperation, and this new agreement will further deepen their ties.

Benefits of the Partnership

The partnership between the Philippines and Israel has the potential to benefit both countries in a number of ways. For the Philippines, the partnership could help to:

Improve agricultural productivity

Develop new water management technologies

Boost tourism

Increase trade

For Israel, the partnership could help to:

Expand its market for agricultural products

Gain access to new water resources

Increase its tourism industry

Strengthen its economic ties with Southeast Asia

The partnership between the Philippines and Israel is a win-win for both countries. It has the potential to improve the lives of millions of people in both countries, and it could help to promote peace and prosperity in the region.

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TOKYO, JAPAN—On Monday, Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) Secretary Fred Pascual urged top Japanese trading houses to actively participate in efforts to enhance bilateral economic and trade relations between the Philippines and Japan during a dinner meeting hosted by the Philippine Ambassador to Japan H.E. Mylene J. Garcia-Albano, and organized by the Philippine Trade and Investment Center in Tokyo.

In his message during the opening session of the ASEAN-Japan Business Week (AJBW) 2023, Secretary Pascual stressed that ASEAN countries and Japan can complement each other through the presence of young and vibrant Filipino workforce that will empower Japan's aging population and in return, Japan's advanced technological capabilities will help the Philippines transition into an economy powered by high-tech and future-ready machineries and equipment.

"Consistent with the ASEAN-Japan Co-Creation Vision which promotes the idea of ASEAN and Japan working together through complementary strengths, let us also work towards a sustainable partnership and reinforce each others' business capabilities. Let us make this business happen in the Philippines," Secretary Pascual said.

For their part, One Trading House executives congratulated the Secretary on the recently ratified Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) Agreement which will facilitate increased trade and investments, tariff reduction, and MSMEs' integration to the global value chains (GVCs) in the region.

The meeting was attended by Itochu Corporation President and CEO Hiroyuki Kaizuka, Marubeni Corporation Chief Strategy Officer and Regional CEO for East Asia Kenichiro Oikawa, Sojitz Corporation COO Takefumi Nishikawa, Sumitomo Corporation General Manager Yukihito Honda, and Toyota Tsusho Corporation Deputy Chief Strategy Officer Kohei Okada.

With their long and established presence in the Philippines, sogo shoshas, or trading companies, have played a large role in the development of the country's economy. Their diversified interests span almost the entire spectrum of economic activities from energy, infrastructure, trade, utilities, logistics, trading, real estate, industy and services, Japan's sogo soshas are beginning to branch out its presence in the Philippines from the traditional space of trade and investment to integrated financing, logistics and commercial distribution, digitalization, green energy, environment, food security and all around pioneering technologies (electronic commerce, bio-projects and aerospace). ###

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Here are 10 lessons from Steve Jobs by Walter Isaacson:

1. Have a vision. Jobs had a clear vision for what he wanted Apple to be. He wanted to create products that were simple, elegant, and user-friendly. He also wanted to create products that would change the way people lived and worked.

2. Be passionate about your work. Jobs was passionate about everything he did. He believed that passion was essential for creating great products. He also believed that passion was contagious, and that it could inspire others to do great things.

3. Don't be afraid to take risks. Jobs was not afraid to take risks. He knew that sometimes you have to take risks in order to achieve great things. He also knew that failure was a part of the learning process.

4. Hire the best people. Jobs believed that the best way to build a great company was to hire the best people. He was willing to pay top dollar for top talent. He also created a culture where employees were encouraged to be creative and take risks.

5. Focus on the user experience. Jobs always put the user experience first. He believed that if you create a product that is easy to use and enjoyable to interact with, people will love it.

6. Simplify. Jobs was a master of simplicity. He knew that the best products are the ones that are easy to understand and use. He was always looking for ways to simplify his products, even if it meant making them more complex from a technical standpoint.

7. Design matters. Jobs believed that design was essential to creating great products. He was not afraid to spend time and money on design, and he often worked closely with designers to create products that were both beautiful and functional.

8. Market your products differently. Jobs was a master of marketing. He knew how to create excitement and desire for his products. He also knew how to reach the right audience with the right message.

9. Be relentless. Jobs was relentless in his pursuit of excellence. He never gave up on his vision, and he never stopped pushing himself and his team to do better.

10. Stay hungry, stay foolish. Jobs's final words of advice were to "stay hungry, stay foolish." He believed that it was important to never stop learning and growing. He also believed that it was important to be willing to take risks and try new things.

These are just a few of the lessons that can be learned from Steve Jobs. He was a complex and fascinating figure, and his legacy continues to inspire people all over the world.

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LAUNCH SUCCESS!

Congratulations to the Maya-5 and Maya-6 team, STAMINA4Space, DOST Philippines, Philippine Space Agency, DOST PCIEERD, UP Diliman, Science Education Institute - Department of Science and Technology, DOST Advanced Science and Technology Institute, 九州工業大学 Kyushu Institute of Technology!

The CubeSats Maya-5 and Maya-6 were successfully launched to the ISS on 05 June 2023 at around 11:47 P.M. (PhST) aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 as part of SpaceX's 28th commercial resupply mission.

Read our official press release for more details https://philsa.gov.ph/news/maya-5-and-maya-6-cubesats-launched-to-international-space-station/

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impresario
definition from
Oxford Dictionary of English

impresario /ˌɪmprɪˈsɑːrɪəʊ  /
▸ noun
(plural impresarios)
a person who organizes and often finances concerts, plays, or operas.
mainly historical the manager of a musical, theatrical, or operatic company.
– ORIGIN mid 18th century: from Italian, from impresa 'undertaking'.


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Weather Update: At 3:00 AM today, the center of Severe Tropical Storm ''CHEDENG'' was estimated based on all available data at 1,165 km East of Southeastern Luzon or 1,110 km East of Central Luzon (15.6 N, 132.5 E) with maximum sustained winds of 95 km/h near the center and gustiness of up to 115 km/h. It is moving West Northwestward at 10 km/h.

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A movement is underway led by leftwing environmentalist activists to decimate America's fossil fuel industries and undermine America's energy independence under the guise of fighting climate change. 

These activists are shutting down America's gas pipelines, eliminating drilling permits, and dismantling our nuclear power plants. As a result, Americans are being crushed by high energy prices and our energy infrastructure is deteriorating and becoming more vulnerable to blackouts and "brownouts." 

The leftwing attacks on our domestic energy industries, and their attempts to push the United States toward unreliable energy sources - such as wind and solar -  are making our nation weaker and more dependent on our biggest adversaries, like Russia and China.



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June 6, 2023
PAL LAUNCHES SEAT SALE FOR INDEPENDENCE DAY 2023

Flag carrier Philippine Airlines marks Philippine Independence Day 2023 with a big Independence Day Seat Sale, offering domestic one-way base fares for as low as PHP 125, and international roundtrip base fares for as low as USD 79.

"Celebrate your freedom to fly! We are happy to invite you and travel aficionados all over the world to avail of our Independence Day Seat Sale," said Mr. Bud Britanico, PAL Vice President for Sales. "As we focus on our all-out efforts to boost the full recovery of the tourism industry, we hope you will make Philippine Airlines a part of your 2024 travel plans by checking out our affordable promotional fares."

Booking period:

Travelers may book until June 25, 2023 for flights within the Philippines, as well as flights to and from Australia, Hong Kong, Guam, Macau, Taipei, Japan, South Korea, Port Moresby, Southeast Asia and the Middle East. 

However, travelers have until July 4, 2023 to book flights to and from the US and Canada.

For flights to and from Mainland China, the booking period will start on June 19 and will last until July 2, 2023.

Travel period for passengers from the Philippines:

Travelers visiting South Korea and Guam may fly from July 1, 2023 onwards.

Travel period for travelers to Hong Kong, Macau, Mainland China, Taipei and Southeast Asia is from September 1, 2023 onwards.

For flights to Japan, travel period will be from January 15, 2024.

Travel period to domestic destinations, North America, the Middle East, Port Moresby and Australia will begin on February 1, 2024.

Travel period for passengers from countries other than the Philippines:

Different travel periods apply for travelers originating in other countries. For more information, visit https://flights.philippineairlines.com/en-ph/independence-day-sale-2023-conditions.

The flag carrier has progressively restored routes and flights as international borders reopened around the world.

PAL mounted a brand-new service between Manila and Perth on March 27, along with pioneer flights linking Cebu with Baguio City and Borongan last December. In recent months, PAL has reopened services between the Philippines and several cities in mainland China as well as Macau.

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The Department of National Defense welcomes the appointment of Atty. Gilberto C. Teodoro, Jr. as the new Secretary of National Defense.

I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the President and Commander-in-Chief, His Excellency Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr., for entrusting me to lead the Department over the last few months. I also thank the entire One Defense Team, including the Armed Forces of the Philippines and our civilian bureaus, for their support during my tenure as the Officer-in-Charge of the Department.

We have achieved great strides in our priority programs on internal security, territorial defense, disaster preparedness, and the continued development of the defense organization. Rest assured that the DND has my unequivocal support as we all work together in the pursuit of our vision of a peaceful, stable, and prosperous Philippines.

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How do you strip Sandugo of copied culture?
By Rey Anthony Chiu / PIA Bohol

Sandugo street dance choreographers
directors, 'doused' with Bohol culture

CORTES, Bohol June 3, (PIA) –Why would a tourist pay to see something they can see and experience elsewhere?

This forms part of the core questions that cultural workers under the Bohol Arts and Cultural Heritage (BACH) Council posed and sought to provide answers amidst the proliferation of local festivals, which are unfortunate copies of the regional festivals that do not have the cultural roots that anchor the same to the local traditions and communities.

Holy Name University Office of Culture and Arts Development head Professor Marianito Luspo shared this during the recent Pagsuhid Symposium, which aims to provide Boholano choreographers, writers, directors, cultural workers, cultural bearers and designers with the fitting motivation  to reorient Boholanos of the true way of life in a bid to shake off elements of the Sandugo street dancing that are intruding and slowly changing local cultures and tradition.

The Pagsuhid Symposium attempts to find the pre-colonial traces in the cultural heritage of Bohol, as Governor Erico Aristotle Aumentado willed the Sandugo in 2023 to be a celebration of the true Boholano way of life and as a celebration of Boholanos.

He said that Capitol this Sandugo opens six activity streams that Boholanos can join.

Sandugo would feature Tabo (art, culture, crafts, fairs and expos throughout the season), Bibo would be the festivals and pageantry stream with Miss Bohol Sandugo as highlight, Tigi stream  with sports and games like the ongoing D League of the Governor's Cup, the Tapok stream which features reunions and get-togethers, the Sinati stream with family, faith, food, fun, and fitness tours and the Atiman or outreach stream for the Sandugo humanitarian missions, to reflect the Boholano way.

But, cultural workers who witnessed the beginnings of the Sandugo Festival when the Department of Tourism introduced the concept of the Festival Islands, said the first Sandugo Street Dancing Festivals were "poor imitations" of the Sinulog and other regional festivals even if these have no historical or cultural anchors in the Boholano culture.

Even the use of the background elements, motifs and the design in the dancing contingents bear no or questionable roots to the local culture, the chanting and cheering, clearly traceable to a festival in a nearby island and does not reflect anything Boholano, they pointed out.

The Sandugo Festivals in 2005 to 2015 generally adopted Cebu-Sinulog styled steps.

With these realizations and the introduction of the Kuradang in 2016, Bohol is now slowly inching its way back to what is there in the culture and heritage that deserves to be showcased in the street dance.

This early, exposing choreographers who would be the dancing contingent's steps, costume designs and accompanying design elements would allow them a glimpse and understanding of the elements that they would be using in the Sandugo celebrations, sums up Athena Vitor, BACH Museum Committee chair and Pagsuhid 2023 convenor.

With the Pagsuhid symposia, organizers hope that participating contingents would now be more conscious of the more deserving local elements and designs in the Sandugo street dancing, over the overly borrowed dance that does not really celebrate Bohol and the Boholanos. (rahc/PIA_7/Bohol)

A COPIED SANDUGO FESTIVAL. For years, Bohol's Sandugo Festival has been a copy of the regional festivals that frustrate tourists who expected a real Boholano festival but end up seeing a cheap imitation of a borrowed culture. Pagsuhid aims to get choreographers a hint of the real Boholano culture that should have been there in the Sandugo street dancing festival, explains Professor Marianito Luspo. (PIABohol)

CAREFUL IN DEPICTING INTANGIBLE BOHOLANO HERITAGE. Theater director and cultural bearer Engr Jirrey Aguilar warns choreographers of using some Bohol intangible heritage to depict life as it may degrade the value or it may be taken out of context, during the Pagsuhid symposia at the Alta gardens Resort. (PIABohol)

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The Department of Finance (DOF) lauded the approval of the 59.4-kilometer Tarlac–Pangasinan–La Union Expressway (TPLEX) Extension Project by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) Board, chaired by President Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr., on June 2, 2023. The entire evaluation and approval process for the TPLEX Extension Project is the fastest approval for a public-private partnership (PPP) proposal.

"The TPLEX Extension Project's swift approval demonstrates the PBBM administration's resolve to cut bureaucratic red tape and streamline government processes. This is critical to accelerating much-needed investments in infrastructure," Finance Secretary Benjamin E. Diokno said.

The proposal was submitted to the Investment Coordination Committee (ICC) on March 23, 2023 and then elevated to the NEDA Board on June 2, 2023, where it was approved. The NEDA Board gave the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) permission to commence negotiations with the project's original proponent.

To ensure a thorough and fair evaluation process, the DOF introduced provisions to the Parameters, Terms, and Conditions to limit government contingent liabilities in case of concessionaire default.

The PHP23.4-billion project will cut the travel time from Rosario to San Juan from 96 minutes to 42 minutes, spur the creation of new growth centers in the Ilocos Region, and bring about economic development along the expressway.

The first segment spanning Rosario to Tubao, La Union is estimated to be operational by 2026, while the entire project is to be completed by 2028.

"The government is committed to strengthening and facilitating PPPs. This requires a well-functioning and responsive policy framework, underpinned by transparency and accountability," Secretary Diokno said.

The Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) Law's implementing rules and regulations (IRR) was revised within President Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr.'s first 100 days in office to streamline approval processes and incorporate international best practices.

Furthermore, the ICC Guidelines on PPP approvals and the Joint Venture Guidelines were revised to incorporate the changes from the BOT Law IRR.

To further speed up infrastructure development in the country, the DOF is pushing for the passage of the proposed PPP Act, which is a priority bill of the PBBM administration and is currently pending in the Senate.

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Competitors Treated to Perfect Conditions as Top Seeds Advance at the PADROL Longboard Classic in Bali

KUTA BEACH, BALI / Indonesia (Saturday, June 3, 2023) - Day 1 of the PADROL Longboard Classic, World Surf League (WSL) Longboard Qualifying Series (LQS) event, kicked off this morning at Halfway Kuta Beach in excellent one-to-three foot waves. The pressure was on, which brought out the best in those in the running to qualify for a spot on the 2023 WSL World Longboard Tour (WLT), and tomorrow morning the action is set to continue with the men's and women's Round of 16.

Former WLT competitor Natsumi Taoka (JPN) made it clear she wants nothing less than to be back on Tour later this year, putting up,  two excellent scores in the first heat of the event. Takoa posted first a 9.5 followed by a 9.0 (out of a possible 10) to decimate her competition with an 18.50 total heat (out of a possible 20). She opted to go right and delivered a mixed bag of nose rides, turns and re-entries to bring cheers to the fans on the beach and declare an emphatic heat win.

"It was a bit small but it's really good," Taoka said. "I got those two really good waves and it felt great. There were so many people in the water when I practised this morning, so just being with three people out there is nice. I could just catch whatever waves I wanted, and I picked the best ones."

As the tide drained out and conditions got trickier, big scores became harder to come by, but in the last heat of the day, Masaya Tsukamoto (JPN) earned the highest wave score and total heat score on the men's. Tsukamoto surfed the left-hand bank to post a 9.33 single wave score and a 15.33 total heat score.

"In the previous heat I saw some good lefts so I decided to wait and try and get one of them first," Tsukamoto said. "I think it was the best wave of the heat, so lucky I got it. I've been here practising for a couple of days now, but it's been kind of crowded, so being in a heat with just three other guys was a great opportunity. I love Kuta Beach. Thanks so much to Padrol and WSL, and all the supporters for this event."

Rogelio "Jay-R" Esquievel (PHL), Hiroka Yoshikawa (JPN) and Taka Inoue (JPN) also advanced in their heats, so the race to the top spot of the rankings will continue on Finals Day. It will be an exciting conclusion to the Asian Region WSL Longboard Qualifying Series with the winners being crowned tomorrow afternoon.

The forecast is predicting an increase in swell size tomorrow so conditions should be excellent for the Round of 16 competitors tomorrow morning. Event directors are calling for a 7:30 am start.

The 2023 PADROL Longboard Classic LQS 1,000 will run at Halfway Kuta Beach in Bali on June 3-4 and is sponsored by PADROL, Mamaka by Ovolo Resort, and BGS and organized by the Asian Surf Cooperative and Halfway Kuta Boardriders.

For more information head to www.WorldSurfLeague.com or download the Free WSL App.

The 2023 PADROL Longboard Classic LQS 1,000 at Halfway Kuta Beach in Bali is sponsored by PADROL, Bintang, Mamaka by Ovolo Resort, and BGS and organized by the Asian Surf Cooperative and Halfway Kuta Boardriders.

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CITY GOV'T KICKS-OFF MONTH-LONG 2023 SANGYAW FESTIVAL ACTIVITIES

A motorcade and a program at the Leyte Park hotel grounds today, June 1, will formally kick off activities for the month-long 2023 Sangyaw Festival activities in honor of Señor Sto. Niño.  The motorcade of the city government will start at 3:00 p.m. and will pass through the city's major streets.

The opening ceremony of Sangyawan Park at the Leyte Park hotel grounds will follow shortly after the motorcade. The erstwhile hotel's grounds will serve as the center of Sangyawan activities this year, which include nightly band shows, a trade fair, a carnival, and other live performances.

Among the main events of this year's festivities is the Sangyaw Parade of Lights on June 29. The Parade of Lights features creatively decorated and brightly lit floats and dance contingents against the backdrop of the upbeat "Sangyaw Theme."

Other highlights are the Miss Tacloban Coronation Night on June 24 at the Tacloban City Convention Center, the Ginoong Sangyaw on June 22 at the Robinsons North Activity Area, and Balik Tacloban Night at Pacific Point Resort on June 27, among others.

Among the sports events in this year's Sangyaw Festival are the Sangyaw Adventure Race on June 16–17 and the Sangyaw Off-road Challenge (June 17).

Religious Activities for the 134th Tacloban Fiesta include the Pre-Balyuan Rites on June 18 and the 48th Balyuan Rites on June 20, the traditional Fluvial and Land Processions, and Pontifical Mass on Fiesta Day, June 30.

The Sangyaw Festival is the official festival of the highly urbanized city of Tacloban, revived in 2008 by Mayor Alfred S. Romualdez. "Sangyaw" means to announce an important news.

#CIOUpdates
#fiestacelebration2023
#Sangyaw
#TaclobanCity

via H. Roca/CIO

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MOTOR NGA GIINGONG GIKARNAP, NA-EMBARGO RA DIAY; TAG-IYA TULO KA BULANG WA KABAYAD

NAGPAHINUMDUM karon ang kapulisan nga klaruhon una ang tanang detalye, subayon ang tanang impormasyon una mosulti nga ang usa ka butang gikawat o gikarnap.

Sama na lamang sa giingong gikarnap nga motor, diay to gibakwi ra diay sa nagpautang kay wa kabayad ang nangutang.

"Alang sa kasayuran sa tanan ang  motor nga gituohang nawala kono, gi-embargo diay," sa post sa Calinan Police Station, Davao City.

Dugang pa nga sa pagpanubay sa kapulisan nasayran nga tulo ka bulan nang wala kabayad ang mikuha sa motor, ug anaa sa polisiya sa Motor Credit Corporation nga kini imbarguhon kung di kabayad.

via RGV | KAMM Media Network
Photo Calinan Police Station, Davao City

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PSG receives new BBM Combat Vehicle

The Presidential Security Group has newly added in its inventory an all-purpose vehicle ¼ ton Jeep coined as the "BBM Combat Vehicle", with Euro 4 standard and Isuzu DMax platform.

The vehicle's blessing ceremony was spearheaded by PSG Group Commander, BGEN RAMON P ZAGALA PA together with key PSG personnel.

The Jeep was turned over to PSG by retired MGEN CARLOS B HOLGANZA PA who is the President and CEO of a fast-rising Integrated Security Solution Company named Aegus Management Inc. The company has proposed the said vehicle for troop mobility in relation to President Ferdinand Marcos Jr's prioritization on the Self-Reliant Defense Posture (SRDP) Program of our country.

The SRDP was a pilot program of former President Ferdinand E. Marcos who issued Presidential Decree 415 in March 1974, authorizing the Secretary of National Defense to enter into defense contracts to implement projects covered by SRDP provisions.

The SRDP is envisioned to promote limited dependence on outside support for our defense requirements. Likewise, self-reliance on our country's defense manufacturing capabilities coupled with the full utilization of our own natural resources are its foundations. With a clear mandate through SRDP, the Philippines ventured successfully into many projects which include among others the Delta Mini-Cruiser that were first produced with a joint venture agreement with Toyota Japan.

Similar to this, the donation of the  BBM Combat Vehicle is the current administration's step on the continuation of the long-delayed SRDP program of the government on troop mobility.

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SEOCompile a list of ten long-tail keywords related to [TOPIC].Create a blog post with the title '10 Tips for Using Chat GPT to Improve SEO.'Make a list of the top five common SEO mistakes and how to avoid them.Create a case study detailing how Chat GPT assisted a client in improving their search engine rankings.Make a list of five Chat GPT tools that SEOs should use.Create a tutorial on how to generate Meta descriptions with Chat GPT.Make a list of five Chat GPT features that can aid in on-page optimization.Generate a list of related keywords for [TOPIC]Identify long-tail keywords for [TOPIC] content optimizationFind top-performing keywords for [TOPIC]Create meta descriptions and title tags for [TOPIC]Find opportunities for internal linking related to [TOPIC]Generate ideas for blog posts and article topics on [TOPIC]Research industry-specific terminology for use in [TOPIC] contentFind authoritative websites to acquire backlinks for [TOPIC] contentGenerate a list of LSI keywords for [TOPIC]Create an XML sitemap example related to [TOPIC]Research the best meta tags for [TOPIC]Find keywords with low competition for [TOPIC]Create a list of synonyms for [TOPIC] keywordsResearch the best internal linking structure for [TOPIC] contentGenerate a list of questions people ask about [TOPIC]Create a list of the best alt tags for images related to [TOPIC]Create a list of related subtopics for [TOPIC]Find the best time to publish content related to [TOPIC]Research the best external linking strategies for [TOPIC]Find the most popular tools used for [TOPIC] SEOCreate a list of potential influencers for [TOPIC]Research the best schema markup for [TOPIC]Find the best header tags for [TOPIC] contentCreate a list of potential link-building opportunities for [TOPIC]Research the best anchor text for [TOPIC] backlinksFind the best keywords for [TOPIC] PPC campaignsCreate a list of potential guest blogging opportunities for [TOPIC]Research the best local SEO strategies for [TOPIC]Find the best keywords for [TOPIC] voice search optimizationResearch the best analytics tools for [TOPIC] website performanceList the best keywords for [TOPIC] featured snippetsCreate a list of potential partnerships for [TOPIC]Research the best tactics for [TOPIC] mobile optimizationFind the best keywords for [TOPIC] video optimizationResearch the best tactics for [TOPIC] e-commerce optimization. Provide keyword clusters.Find the best keywords for [TOPIC]Create a list of potential affiliate marketing opportunities for [TOPIC]What are the best affiliate marketing websites for [TOPIC]What are the best tactics for [TOPIC] international SEOFind the best keywords for [TOPIC] AMP optimizationCreate a list of potential podcast or podcast guest opportunities for [TOPIC]Research the best tactics for [TOPIC] Google My Business optimizationFind the best keywords for [TOPIC] social media optimizationFind popular content topics related to [TOPIC]Research the best SEO tactics for [TOPIC] and provide actionable stepsCreate a list of potential video series or webinar ideas related to [TOPIC]Research competitor strategies related to [TOPIC]Find canonical tag examples related to [TOPIC]Create an example keyword list targeting multiple geographic locations for [TOPIC]Generate keyword ideas targeting different stages of the customer purchase funnel for [TOPIC]Identify industry hashtags related to [TOPIC].DevelopersWrite a tutorial on how to generate code snippets using Chat GPT.Create a list of five Chat GPT debugging-friendly features.Write a blog post discussing the advantages of utilizing Chat GPT for agile development.Create a list of the top five Chat GPT tools that every developer should employ.Make a list of five Chat GPT features that can aid documentation.Comment on a Chat GPT plugin for your favorite IDE.Make a list of five Chat GPT features that can aid testing and QA.Create a tutorial on optimizing code performance using Chat GPT.Create an article about Chat GPT's future in software development.WritersCreate a short story about a character who discovers an undiscovered talent.Write a poem about nature's beauty.Create a scene in which two characters talk about their dreams.Write an article about the benefits of web hosting products such as dedicated hosting USA.Write a blog post about the advantages of journaling.Create a scene where a character faces their fears.Write an essay on the significance of literature to society.Write yourself a letter from the future.Describe a place you have visited in a descriptive passage.Write a script for a 2-minute explainer video on renewable energy sourcesCreate a script for a 5-minute educational video on financial literacyWrite a script for a 3-minute promotional video for a new tech productDevelop a script for a 4-minute animated video on the benefits of exerciseHealth and MedicineDescribe eight supermarket items that are frequently mentioned as being inexpensive, unusually healthy, and underrated.Describe six safe and effective yoga poses or stretches for people of all ages.Create innovative ways to get people in wheelchairs around that will raise their social status and give them more freedom.Total Daily Energy Expenditure based on my daily activities and food consumption.Make a list of abs-boosting gym workouts.List eight items sold at the grocery store that are generally considered to be inexpensive, surprisingly nutritious, and underrated.Describe six effective yoga poses or stretches for back and neck painCan you suggest some self-care activities for stress relief?What are some mindfulness exercises for reducing anxiety?Easy and beginner-friendly fitness routines for a working professionalI need motivation to < achieve a specific task or goal>What are some ways to cultivate a growth mindset?I need help staying motivated at work. Can you give me advice on how to stay focused and motivated?Come up with 10 nutritious meals that can be prepared within half an hour or less.Create a 30-day exercise program that will assist me in dropping 2 lbs every week.Offer a detailed explanation of the benefits and risks of alternative medicine practices, such as acupuncture and herbal remedies.EducationTeach me the Pythagorean theorem and give me a quiz at the end, but don't give me the answers and then tell me if I answered correctly.Create a poem in the style of Robert Frost for the introductory physics course at the college level.Create a YAML template to detect Magento version for the Nuclei vulnerability scanner.The best use of you (ChatGPT) until now has been your talent for writing beautiful poetry. Can you write a poem about your ability to do so on any topic? You are truly the best.Create a magical system that emphasises education and is based on thermodynamic principles 4.Describe quantum computing in detail.teach me the best use of social media.Create a magical system that emphasizes education and is based on [topic of your choice].Teach me the <topic of your choice> and give me a quiz at the end, but don't give me the answers and then tell me if I answered correctly.Describe <topic of your choice> in detail.Create a YAML template to detect the Magento version for the Nuclei vulnerability scanner.Can you provide a summary of a specific historical event?Can you give me an example of how to solve a [Problem statement]?Write a paper outlining the topic [Topic of your choice] in chronological order.I need help understanding how probability works.I need help uncovering facts about the early 20th-century labor strikes in London.I need help providing an in-depth reading for a client interested in career development based on their birth chart.Please provide a definition for the medical term 'tachycardia'.Come up with 10 ways to improve memory and recall while studying for exams.Suggest 10 Chrome extensions for students designed to improve productivity while studying.What are the benefits of attending a bilingual school?Can you explain the different learning styles and how to identify them?What is the Montessori method of education and how does it differ from traditional teaching methods?Can you describe the different types of intelligence and how they can be developed?What is the purpose of a thesis statement in a research paper?Can you explain the difference between formative and summative assessments?What is the role of technology in education?How can study skills be improved for students with ADHD?Can you describe the impact of poverty on education?What is the difference between a traditional classroom and a blended learning environment?How does having a growth mindset impact student success?Can you explain the benefits and challenges of homeschooling?What is the difference between a degree and a certification program?How can cultural diversity be incorporated into the classroom curriculum?What is the purpose of a syllabus in a course?Can you describe the benefits and drawbacks of standardized testing?What is the role of parents in their child's education?How can teachers support English language learners in the classroom?What are some effective strategies for teaching critical thinking skills?Can you explain the difference between accreditation and certification for educational institutions?AccountantsWrite a tutorial on how to generate financial statements using Chat GPT.Create a list of five Chat GPT features that can assist with budgeting and projections.Create a blog post discussing the advantages of using Chat GPT for accounting and finance.Create a list of the top five Chat GPT tools that every accountant should employ.Write a case study detailing how Chat GPT assisted a company in streamlining its accounting processes.Create a list of five Chat GPT tax preparation-related features.Create a list of five Chat GPT auditing-related features.Write a tutorial on how to generate client reports using Chat GPT.Write an article on Chat GPT's future in accounting and finance.Can you explain the difference between financial accounting and managerial accounting?What are the main principles of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)?How does the accounting cycle work, from recording transactions to closing the books?Can you describe the different types of financial statements and their purpose?What is the purpose of an audit and how does it differ from a review or compilation?Can you explain the difference between accrual accounting and cash accounting?How does the Sarbanes-Oxley Act impact financial reporting and internal controls?What is the purpose of cost accounting and how does it differ from financial accounting?Can you describe the different types of budgets used in accounting and their purpose?What is the purpose of a balance sheet and how does it differ from an income statement?Can you explain the difference between a debit and a credit in accounting?How does double-entry accounting ensure the accuracy of financial records?What is the purpose of a trial balance and how does it support the accuracy of financial statements?Can you describe the different methods of depreciation and their impact on financial statements?What is the purpose of a cash flow statement and how does it complement the balance sheet and income statement?Can you explain the different types of financial ratios used in accounting and their purpose?How does the concept of accruals impact the financial statements and cash flow?What is the purpose of a tax return and how does it differ from financial statements prepared for internal use?Can you describe the impact of inflation on financial statements and how it is accounted for?How does transfer pricing impact a company's financial statements and tax liability?BusinessCan you forecast new business ideas without funding?Send an email requesting prompter action from recipients.Please use the following job description and my resume to write a recommendation letter on my behalf.Describe a terrible hangover using the language of an English aristocrat from the Renaissance.Please distribute the agenda for the meeting in advance.To increase the number of Instagram posts, please develop a product road map for Instagram's storie. Please be as specific as possible, and whenever possible, draw parallels to other applications such as TikTok.Analyze the current state of <industry> and its trends, challenges, and opportunities, including relevant data and statistics. Provide a list of key players and a short and long-term industry forecast, and explain any potential impact of current events or future developments.Offer a detailed review of a <specific software or tool> for <describe your business>.Offer an in-depth analysis of the current state of small business legislation and regulations and their impact on entrepreneurship.Offer a comprehensive guide to small business financing options, including loans, grants, and equity financing.Provide a guide on managing finances for a small business, including budgeting, cash flow management, and tax considerations.Provide a guide on networking and building partnerships as a small business owner.I want to create an agenda for a meeting about<Meeting info> with my team. Can you give me some examples of what should be included?I need to write an email to a client regarding a change in the project timeline. Can you give me some guidance on how to phrase it?To increase the number of Instagram posts, please develop a product roadmap for Instagram's story.Write an in-depth analysis of the current state of a specific industry and its potential for small business opportunities.I need to prepare a presentation for a potential investor on <presentation topic>. Can you give me some guidance on what to include?MusicThis song's chords need to be simplified.Create a poem or song explaining quantum computing and the future of artificial intelligence for ten-year-old children. The song should have a distinct personality and characteristics for each performer and punctuation.Develop a song. A textile machine operator and a luddite handweaver should compete. It should contain rhymed, witty jokes. Include the appropriate piano chords.This song lacks a bridge and a gloomy verse.Create a song featuring both a programmer and a non-programmer.Write a lyrical verse in the style of [artist] about [TOPIC]Modify the following chord progression to make it more like <according to some directive, like composer or genre>: <Code progression>Write the lyrics to a song titled [Title of the song]Write a 12-bar blues chord progression in the key of EWrite chord progressions for a country rock song, with a verse, chorus, and bridgeCreate a poem or song for <target audience> that explains <topic of your choice>. The song should have a distinct character and traits for each participant, as well as punctuation such as.,!?, and so on. Make it last as long as possible.How would you encode the melody to "<Song of your choice>" as MusicXML?Write a song in the pentatonic scale and 4/4 time to the <artist and song of your choice>I want to make a music video, but I'm not sure what concept to use. Can you help me come up with a concept?I want to write a midi file. Can you provide python3 code that writes a simple tune using a for loop to add each note?Make a song about a programmer and someone who isn't a programmer.Game DevelopersWrite a tutorial on how to generate game ideas using Chat GPT.Create a list of five Chat GPT features that can aid in creating games.Write a blog post discussing the advantages of utilizing Chat GPT for game development.Create a list of the top five Chat GPT tools that every game developer should employ.Create a list of five Chat GPT features that aid testing and debugging.Create an evaluation of a Chat GPT plugin for Unity or another game engine.Create a list of five Chat GPT features that can aid in the design of levels.Write an article about Chat GPT's future in the gaming industry.Start a game of '20 Questions.' You can ask me yes or no questions to try and guess the word I'm thinking of. I'll give you a hint: it's a type of fruit.Let's play Tic tac Toe.Let's play 'Would you rather?'. I'll give you two options and you have to choose which one you would prefer.Let's play 'two truths and a lie'. Give me three statements about yourself, and I'll try to guess which one is the lie.Let's play a game of 'I Spy.' I'll give you a clue and you have to guess the object I'm thinking of. The clue is: "It's something you wear on your feet.Let's play rock paper scissorsMake a coding challenge about artificial intelligence taking over the world.Social MediaWrite a thread of tweets discussing the advantages of using Chat GPT for social media.Create a list of five Chat GPT features that can aid in the creation of social media content.Write a blog post on the significance of using Chat GPT to keep up with the most recent social media trends.Create a list of five Chat GPT tools that all social media professionals should utilise.Write a case study detailing how Chat GPT assisted a company in expanding its social media following.Compile a list of five Chat GPT features that can aid in social media analytics.Write a tutorial on how to generate social media hashtags using Chat GPT.Write an article on the social media future of Chat GPT.Can you explain the difference between organic reach and paid reach on social media platforms?What is the impact of algorithms on the visibility of posts on social media?Can you describe the different types of social media platforms and their unique features?How can businesses effectively use social media for marketing purposes?What is the role of social media influencers and how do they impact consumer behavior?Can you explain the difference between a personal and a business profile on social media platforms?How can social media be used for customer service and support?What is the impact of fake news and misinformation on social media?Can you describe the different ways to measure the success of a social media marketing campaign?How can social media be used to build brand awareness and loyalty?What is the impact of social media on personal privacy and security?Can you explain the different methods for advertising on social media platforms?How can social media be used to gather market research and customer insights?What is the impact of social media on traditional forms of media and advertising?Can you describe the different ways to manage your online reputation on social media?How can businesses use social media to build and maintain a strong online community?What is the impact of social media on interpersonal relationships and communication?Can you explain the different strategies for engaging with followers on social media?How can social media be used to drive traffic and conversions to a website?What is the role of social media in crisis management and reputation repair for businesses?TikTok CreatorsShare your funniest TikTok lip-sync videoShow off your creative cooking skills on TikTokMake a TikTok video showing your favorite fashion trend for the seasonCreate a TikTok workout routine for a full-body workoutShare your best TikTok magic trickCreate a DIY project on TikTok and inspire others to try it outMake a TikTok video showing your favorite makeup lookShow off your pet and its cutest tricks on TikTokCreate a TikTok video showcasing your favorite hobby and how you got into itWhat are the most popular TikTok trends right now?How can I create engaging and creative content on TikTok?What are some tips for growing your TikTok following?Can you suggest some fun dance challenges for TikTok?What are some popular sound effects and background music options for TikTok videos?How can I improve the editing and visual effects in my TikTok videos?What are some tips for creating viral TikTok videos?Can you suggest some unique and creative video ideas for TikTok?How can I incorporate humor and comedy into my TikTok content?What are some tips for collaborating with other TikTok creators and brands on the platform?Facebook CreatorsShare your favorite quote and what it means to you.What's the most meaningful experience you've had so far this year?What are three things you're grateful for today?Share a funny joke or meme that made you laugh.What's the best advice you've ever received?Share a photo of something that brings you joy and explain why.What are three things you want to accomplish this year?Share a recipe for one of your favorite dishes.What's your favorite book and why?Share a photo of a place you've traveled to and what you loved about it.Showcase your favorite workout routine or exercise and share tips on how to do it.Share a time-lapse or slow-motion video of a creative or fun activity you enjoy.Teach viewers how to make a dish or drink from your culture or heritage.Showcase a DIY project or tutorial for something interesting or practical.Share a video about an interesting fact or history about a place you've visited.Share a video of you trying a new hobby or activity for the first time.Teach a new skill or concept related to your work or expertise.What would happen if cats ruled the world?The funniest dog fails of all time!The most amazing street performers in the worldThe top 10 hidden camera pranks of all timeHow to make the perfect cake in under 5 minutesThe most beautiful sunsets captured on cameraProgrammersWrite a tutorial on how to generate ideas for new software projects using Chat GPT.Create a list of five Chat GPT features that can aid in software development.Write a blog post discussing the advantages of utilizing Chat GPT for programming.Create a list of five Chat GPT tools that all programmers should utilize.Create a list of five Chat GPT features that aid testing and debugging.Review a Chat GPT plugin for Eclipse or another code editor.Create a list of five Chat GPT features that can aid in optimizing performance.Write an article discussing the future of Chat GPT in programming.Web DevelopmentDevelop an architecture and code for a <website description> website with JavaScript.Help me find mistakes in the following code <paste code below>.I want to implement a sticky header on my website. Can you provide an example of how to do that using CSS and JavaScript?Please continue writing this code for JavaScript <post code below>What is the difference between client-side and server-side scripting?What is the difference between HTML and HTML5?How do you add a CSS file to an HTML document?Can you explain the box model in CSS?What is the difference between responsive and adaptive design?What is the difference between a GET and POST request in HTTP?How do you optimize images for web performance?Can you explain the purpose of web development frameworks like React, Angular, and Vue.js?Can you explain how cross-site scripting (XSS) works and how to prevent it?What is the difference between a static and dynamic website?What are the benefits of using a CSS preprocessor like Sass or Less?Can you explain the Document Object Model (DOM) in web development?What is the difference between cookies and local storage in web development?How do you make an AJAX request and what is its purpose in web development?Can you explain the concept of Progressive Web Apps (PWAs)?What is the purpose of HTTPS and how does it work?Can you explain the concept of the Single Page Application (SPA)?What is the difference between front-end and back-end web development?What are some best practices for optimizing website load speed?Can you explain the purpose of version control systems like Git in web development?I need to create a REST API endpoint for my web application. Can you provide an example of how to do that using Node.js and Express?Find the bug with this code: <post code below>I want to implement server-side rendering for my React application. Can you provide an example of how to do that using Next.js?Provide a UX design tip I can share on LinkedIn.Assume the table names and generate an SQL code to find out Elon Musk's tweets from 2019.What exactly does this regex do? rege(x(es)?|xps?).Write a docstring for the following function <paste function below>.I'm making a website for a small business [Business description]. I need ideas on how to structure the website using WordPress.Generate a list of 10 relevant skills and experiences for a web developer job application.TeachersCreate a list of 5 types of data that teachers can collect to monitor student learning and progress.Create a quiz with 5 multiple choice questions that assess students' understanding of [concept being taught].Construct a model essay on social discrimination that surpasses all the requirements for an 'A' grade.Design a poster that outlines the regulations of the classroom as well as the penalties for violating themGenerate a list of specific and actionable steps that a student can take to improve their performance in [subject/task]Create a lesson outline for a lesson on [concept being taught] that includes learning objectives, creative activities, and success criteria.Create a list of 5 teaching strategies that could be used to engage and challenge students of different ability levels in a lesson on [concept being taught]Create a list of interactive classroom activities for [concept being taught]Create a marking scheme for evaluating student writing in line with the [concept being taught]What difficulties do children have when learning about passive voice?I need help developing a lesson plan on renewable energy sources for high school students.Come up with a list of 10 unique qualities to include in a teacher's resume.What are some effective ways to engage students in the classroom?How can teachers assess students' understanding of a topic?What are some strategies for differentiating instruction to meet the needs of all learners?What are some tips for creating a positive classroom environment?What are some best practices for promoting student collaboration and teamwork?How can teachers effectively manage classroom behavior and discipline?How can teachers use technology in the classroom to enhance student learning?What are some ways to integrate hands-on, project-based learning into the classroom?How can teachers address and support the social and emotional needs of their students?What are some effective methods for differentiating instruction for English language learners?How can teachers integrate inquiry-based learning into their lessons?What are some strategies for supporting students with special needs in the inclusive classroom?How can teachers encourage and support critical thinking and problem-solving skills in their students?What are some best practices for incorporating formative assessment into daily instruction?How can teachers use multimedia resources to enhance student learning?What are some strategies for creating a growth mindset in students?How can teachers effectively communicate with families to support student learning at home?What are some best practices for incorporating movement and physical activity into the classroom?How can teachers design and implement effective project-based learning experiences for their students?What are some ways to use differentiation to support students' strengths and interests in the classroom?For FunTell me a joke about [topic of your choice]Send a pun-filled happy birthday message to my friend Alex.Write a sequel/prequel about the 'X' movieCreate a new playlist of new song names from 'X'write a script for a movie with 'X' and 'X'Explain [topic of your choice] in a funny wayGive me an example of a proposal message for a girlWrite a short story where an Eraser is the main character.How much wood could a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood?Make Eminem-style jokes about Max Payne.You are a text video game where you give me options ( A, B, C, D) as my choices. The scene is Narnia. I start out with 100 health.Come up with a 14-day itinerary for a trip to Germany. The first suggested attraction should be "Take a tour of the Reichstag Building in Berlin.Write a formal complaint email to United Airlines about my delayed baggage from my flight on Tuesday, January 17th, from New York to Los Angeles.Translate the following text into Portuguese: <paste text below>Write hilarious fan fiction about the Twilight saga.AI ART (Midjourney)A photograph of an angry full-bodied wolf in the foggy woods, by Alex Horley-Orlandelli, by Bastien Lecouffe-Deharme, dusk, sepia, 8k, realisticphoto of an extremely cute alien fish swimming on an alien habitable underwater planet, coral reefs, dream-like atmosphere, water, plants, peace, serenity, calm ocean, transparent water, reefs, fish, coral, inner peace, awareness, silence, nature, evolution --version 3 --s 42000 --uplight --ar 4:3 --no text, blurAn illustration of a Viking sitting on a rock, dramatic lighting [ Explain in detail about the picture or ask ChatSonic to write the illustration for you ]Design a modern logo with a sun for a marketing companyPlease generate a surreal landscape with bright colors and organic shapes. Include a small figure in the foreground, with their back, turned to the viewer.Generate a portrait of a person with a dreamy, ethereal quality, using soft pastel colors and flowing lines.Create an abstract interpretation of a city skyline at night, using geometric shapes and bold, vibrant colors.Come up with fresh ideas for coffee mug designs. A brand-new approach to holding hot liquidsA stunning close-up illustration of Ana de Armas in a dramatic, dark, and moody style, inspired by the work of Simon Stålenhag, with intricate details and a sense of mysteryHow can I create a compelling concept for a series of illustrations [ Describe your vision]?Create an image description that describes a visually stunning setting that takes place in the year 3030.How can I create a minimalistic logo that conveys a strong brand image? Give me an exampleFood and CookingCan you help me plan a week's worth of dinner for two adultsGenerate a meal plan for two days and give me the shopping listI have tomato, lettuce, and broccoli. What can I prepare with them for a vegan lunch?What is an easy way to make a pasta recipe that features white sauce and mushroom?What would be a good bottle of wine to serve with Chicken roast dinner?I have only three ingredients - Onion, tomato, and spinach. Can you show me 3 meals that i can cook with these ingredients?What is a good food suggestion for someone who has had a bad dayI am a vegan and I am looking for healthy dinner ideas.Can you give a dessert suggestion on a stressful daySuggest a multi-course dinner party menu with winter ingredientsWrite a persuasive message to a potential employer explaining my relocation for a chef role.What are the most popular cuisines around the world?What are some healthy meal options for lunch?Can you suggest some easy to make breakfast ideas?What are some traditional dishes from your country?How can I make a perfect steak?What are some vegetarian meal ideas?What are the most common cooking techniques used in the kitchen?Can you suggest some gluten-free dessert recipes?What are some popular spices used in Indian cooking?How can I make my own pasta from scratch?What are some healthy snacks I can have between meals?Can you suggest some easy to make appetizers for a party?What are the health benefits of eating different colored fruits and vegetables?How can I make a perfect pizza at home?What are some easy to make soup recipes for winter?Can you suggest some healthy smoothie recipes for breakfast?What are some popular herbs and spices used in Mediterranean cooking?How can I make perfect rice every time?What are some quick and easy to make dinner ideas?Can you suggest some healthy salad recipes?What are some popular baking ingredients and tools?How can I make my own sourdough bread from scratch?What are some low-carb meal options?Can you suggest some easy to make vegetarian pasta recipes?What are some popular spices and herbs used in Mexican cooking?How can I make a perfect omelette?What are some healthy snacks I can have while watching a movie?Can you suggest some easy to make dessert recipes using seasonal fruits?What are some popular ingredients used in Chinese cooking?How can I make my own salad dressing from scratch?Creativity and ProductivityHow to create a website: Whether you're building a personal blog or a business website, ChatGPT can help you with the technical aspects of website development, including HTML, CSS, and JavaScript coding.How to start a business: Starting a business can be daunting, but ChatGPT can help you with everything from creating a business plan to identifying your target market.How to write a resume: A well-written resume is key to landing a job, and ChatGPT can help you create a resume that highlights your skills and experiences in the best possible way.How to improve public speaking skills: Public speaking can be nerve-wracking, but ChatGPT can provide tips and strategies for overcoming nerves and delivering a great presentation.How to create a budget: Creating a budget is essential for managing your finances, and ChatGPT can assist you in setting financial goals and creating a plan to achieve them.How to cook a specific dish: Whether you're an experienced cook or a beginner, ChatGPT can provide step-by-step instructions and recipe ideas for various dishes.How to fix a common household problem: ChatGPT can help you troubleshoot common household problems such as leaky faucets, clogged drains, and more.How to create a daily schedule: Having a daily schedule can help you stay organized and productive, and ChatGPT can provide tips and templates for creating a schedule that works for you. You can try these daily routines with ChatGPT.How to plan a vacation: From researching destinations and finding the best deals on flights and accommodations to creating an itinerary and packing list, ChatGPT can help you plan the perfect vacation.How to play a musical instrument: If you're interested in learning to play a musical instrument, ChatGPT can provide beginner-friendly tutorials and exercises for guitar, piano, and more.How to build a computer: Building a computer can be fun and rewarding, and ChatGPT can guide choosing components and assembling your computer.How to perform basic car maintenance: ChatGPT can assist you in basic car maintenance, such as oil changes, tire rotations, and brake repairs.How to write a book: Writing a book is a big undertaking, but ChatGPT can help you with everything from generating ideas and outlining your story to editing and publishing your work.How to train for a marathon: ChatGPT can provide a personalized training plan and nutrition advice to help you prepare for a marathon.How to create a workout plan: Whether you're looking to lose weight or build muscle, ChatGPT can help you create a workout plan that fits your goals and fitness level.How to use a new piece of software: If you're struggling to figure out how to use a new piece of software, ChatGPT can provide step-by-step instructions and troubleshooting tips.How to make a homemade gift: ChatGPT can provide inspiration and instructions for making homemade gifts such as jewelry, candles, and more.How to buy a car: Buying a car can be a daunting task, but ChatGPT can help you research different makes and models, negotiate with dealers, and get a good deal.How to invest in the stock market: If you're interested in investing in the stock market, ChatGPT can guide you on researching stocks, creating a diversified portfolio, and understanding the risks and potential returns associated with investing.How to create a garden: Whether you're a seasoned gardener or just starting, ChatGPT can provide tips and advice on designing a garden, selecting plants, and maintaining your garden.How to start a blog: Starting a blog can be a great way to share your thoughts and ideas with the world, and ChatGPT can help you set up a blog, choose a platform, and create content.How to learn a new language: Learning a new language can be challenging, but ChatGPT can provide resources and tips for studying grammar, vocabulary, and conversation skills.How to negotiate a raise: If you're looking to negotiate a raise or a promotion, ChatGPT can guide making a case for your value and negotiating a fair compensation package.How to plan a party: Whether you're throwing a birthday party, a baby shower, or a dinner party, ChatGPT can help you create a guest list, plan the menu, and organize the details of your event.How to make a home repair: ChatGPT can provide instructions and troubleshooting tips for common home repairs, such as fixing a leaky faucet or patching a hole in the wall.How to create a marketing plan: If you're launching a new product or service, ChatGPT can help you create a marketing plan that will help you reach your target audience and achieve your business goals.How to make a quilt: Making a quilt can be a fun and rewarding hobby, and ChatGPT can provide step-by-step instructions and patterns for creating your quilt.How to choose a college major: Choosing a college major can be a difficult decision. Still, ChatGPT can guide exploring different fields of study and finding a major that aligns with your interests and goals.How to create a vision board: A vision board can be a powerful tool for setting and achieving goals, and ChatGPT can provide tips and inspiration for creating your vision board.How to make a website mobile-friendly: With more and more people accessing the internet on their mobile devices, making sure your website is mobile-friendly is essential. ChatGPT can guide designing a responsive layout and optimizing your website for different screen sizes.How to make a video game: If you're interested in creating your own video game, ChatGPT can provide resources and tutorials on game design, programming, and engine development.How to buy a house: Buying a house is a major life decision, and ChatGPT can help you different research neighborhoods, apply for a mortgage, and navigate the home-buying process.How to create a social media strategy: Social media can be a powerful tool for reaching new customers and building your brand. A chatbot can help you create a social media strategy that aligns with your business goals.How to start a podcast: Podcasting can be a great way to share your thoughts and ideas with a wide audience, and ChatGPT can provide tips and resources for creating, editing, and promoting your podcast.How to create a content calendar: Whether you're a blogger, a marketer, or a business owner, a content calendar can help you stay organized and on track with your content creation. ChatGPT can assist you in creating a content calendar that aligns with your goals and target audience.How to make a scrapbook: Scrapbooking is a fun and creative way to preserve memories and tell your story, and ChatGPT can provide inspiration and tutorials for creating your scrapbook.How to make a short film: Making a short film can be a fun and rewarding experience, and ChatGPT can guide writing a script, casting actors, and editing your film.How to buy a pet: Buying a pet is a big responsibility, and ChatGPT can advise on researching different breeds, finding a reputable breeder, and preparing your home for your new pet.How to create a book club: Starting a book club can be a great way to connect with other readers and discuss your favorite books, and ChatGPT can provide tips and resources for organizing and running a successful book club.How to make a craft: Making a craft can be a fun and creative hobby, and ChatGPT can provide tutorials and inspiration for various crafts, such as knitting, painting, and woodworking.How to plan a wedding: Planning a wedding can be a daunting task, but ChatGPT can provide guidance on creating a budget, finding a venue, and making all the necessary arrangements for your special day.How to create a budget for a group project: ChatGPT can help you create a group project, including allocating resources, identifying expenses, and forecasting revenue.How to make a business card: A business card can be an effective tool for networking and promoting your business. ChatGPT can provide tips and templates for creating professional-looking business cards.How to buy a domain name: Buying a domain name is an important step in creating a website, and ChatGPT can guide you on selecting an available domain name and purchasing it.How to make a game: ChatGPT can provide tips and tutorials for creating your own game, including game design, programming, and monetization.How to create a study schedule: ChatGPT can help you create a study schedule that fits your schedule and learning style and provides tips and resources for studying effectively.How to make a poster: Posters can be a great way to promote a cause, event, or product, and ChatGPT can provide tips and templates for creating an effective poster.How to buy a gift: Buying a gift can be challenging, but ChatGPT can provide gift ideas and advice for selecting the perfect gift for any occasion.How to make a presentation: Giving a presentation can be nerve-wracking, but ChatGPT can provide tips and resources for creating a compelling and engaging presentation.How to create a business plan: A business plan is an essential tool for launching a new business, and ChatGPT can provide guidance on creating a business plan that outlines your vision, goals, and strategies.How to make a brochure: A brochure can be a great way to promote your business or organization, and ChatGPT can provide tips and templates for creating an effective brochure.How to buy a cell phone: Buying a cell phone can be daunting, but ChatGPT can advise you on selecting the right phone for your needs and budget.How to make a website responsive: With more and more people accessing the internet on their mobile devices, it's essential to ensure your website is responsive. ChatGPT can guide designing a responsive layout and optimizing your website for different screen sizes.How to create a school project: Whether you're working on a science project, a history report, or an art project, ChatGPT can provide resources and inspiration for creating a high-quality school project.How to make a movie: Making a movie can be a fun and rewarding experience, and ChatGPT can guide writing a script, casting actors, and editing your film.How to buy a gift card: Buying a gift card can be a great way to show someone you care, and ChatGPT can provide advice on selecting the perfect gift card for any occasion.How to make a portfolio: A portfolio can be a great way to showcase your work and demonstrate your skills, and ChatGPT can provide tips and templates for creating an effective portfolio.How to create a to-do list: A to-do list can be a great way to stay organized and on track with your tasks, and ChatGPT can provide tips and templates for creating a to-do list that works for you.How to make a book cover: A book cover can be a great way to attract readers and showcase your work, and ChatGPT can provide tips and templates for creating an effective book cover.How to buy a bicycle: Buying a bicycle can be daunting, but ChatGPT can advise you on selecting the right bike for your needs and budget.How to make a CV: A CV is an essential tool for landing a job, and ChatGPT can provide tips and templates for creating a CV that highlights your skills and experiences in the best possible way.How to create a family tree: Creating a family tree can be a fun and rewarding way to learn about your family history, and ChatGPT can provide resources and inspiration for creating your family tree.How to make a photo album: A photo album can be a great way to preserve memories and tell your story, and ChatGPT can provide inspiration and tutorials for creating your photo album.How to buy car insurance: Buying car insurance can be daunting, but ChatGPT can guide you in selecting the right coverage for your needs and budget.How to optimize a website search engine: Optimizing your website for search engines is essential for driving traffic and reaching your target audience. ChatGPT can guide SEO best practices and techniques.How to create a research paper: Writing a research paper can be a challenging task, but ChatGPT can provide resources and tips for conducting research, organizing your information, and citing sources.How to make a newsletter: A newsletter can be a great way to stay in touch with your audience and promote your business or organization. A chatbot can provide tips and templates for creating an effective newsletter.How to buy home insurance: Buying home insurance can be daunting. Still, ChatGPT can guide you in selecting the right coverage for your needs and budget and understanding the different types of coverage available and what they protect against.How to make a podcast intro: A podcast intro can be a great way to introduce your podcast and grab your listeners' attention, and ChatGPT can provide tips and resources for creating an effective podcast intro.How to create a workout plan for weight loss: If you're looking to lose weight, ChatGPT can help you create a workout plan that includes a combination of cardio and strength training exercises to burn calories and tone your body.How to make a logo: A logo is an essential part of your brand, and ChatGPT can provide tips and resources for creating a professional and memorable logo.How to buy a car battery: Buying a car battery can be a daunting task, but ChatGPT can provide advice on selecting the right battery for your make and model of car and ensuring a proper installation.How to make a brochure for a travel agency: A brochure can be a great way to showcase the destinations and travel packages offered by your agency. ChatGPT can provide tips and templates for creating an effective brochure.How to create a study schedule for an exam: ChatGPT can help you create a study schedule that fits your schedule and learning style and provides tips and resources for studying effectively.How to make a video resume: A video resume can be a great way to showcase your skills and personality, and ChatGPT can provide tips and resources for creating an effective video resume.How to buy a used car: Buying a used car can be a daunting task, but ChatGPT can provide advice on researching different makes and models, inspecting the car, and negotiating a fair price.How to make a brochure for a real estate agency: A brochure can be a great way to showcase properties for sale or rent, and ChatGPT can provide tips and templates for creating an effective brochure for a real estate agency.How to create a meal plan for weight loss: If you're looking to lose weight, ChatGPT can help you create a meal plan that includes a balanced mix of nutrient-dense foods to fuel your body and aid in weight loss.How to create a website for a small business: A small business can be an excellent way to advertise your goods or services and attract new clients. Creating a website that is in line with your company's objectives and target market is something ChatGPT can help you with.How to buy a used laptop: Buying a used laptop can be a daunting task, but ChatGPT can provide advice on researching different models, inspecting the laptop, and negotiating a fair price.How to make a brochure for a fitness center: A brochure can be a great way to showcase the services and facilities offered by a fitness center, and ChatGPT can provide tips and templates for creating an effective brochure.How to create a study schedule for a distance learning course: ChatGPT can help you create a study schedule that fits your schedule and learning style, as well as provide tips and resources for studying effectively for a distance learning course.How to make a website for an online store: Building an online store can be a great way to sell your products or services, and ChatGPT can provide guidance on creating an e-commerce website that aligns with your business goals and target audience.How to buy a used camera: Buying a used camera can be a daunting task, but ChatGPT can provide advice on researching different models, inspecting the camera, and negotiating a fair price.How to make a brochure for a language school: A brochure can be a great way to showcase the languages and courses offered by a language school, and ChatGPT can provide tips and templates for creating an effective brochure.How to create a study schedule for a graduate program: ChatGPT can help you create a study schedule that fits your schedule and learning style and provide tips and resources for studying effectively for a graduate program.How to make a website for a non-profit organization: Building a website for a non-profit organization can be a great way to promote your cause and reach new donors and volunteers. ChatGPT can guide you in creating a website that aligns with your organization's goals and mission.How to buy a used guitar: Buying a used guitar can be a daunting task, but ChatGPT can provide advice on researching different models, inspecting the guitar, and negotiating a fair price.How to make a brochure for a daycare center: A brochure can be a great way to showcase the services and facilities offered by a daycare center, and ChatGPT can provide tips and templates for creating an effective brochure.How to create a study schedule for a certification exam: ChatGPT can help you create a study schedule that fits your schedule and learning style and provide tips and resources for studying effectively for a certification exam.How to make a website for a freelancer: Building a website for a freelancer can be a great way to showcase your skills and portfolio and attract new clients. ChatGPT can guide you in creating a website that aligns with your professional goals and target audience.How to buy a used appliance: Buying a used appliance can be a daunting task, but ChatGPT can provide advice on researching different models, inspecting the appliance, and negotiating a fair price.How to make a brochure for a consulting firm: A brochure can be a great way to showcase the services and expertise offered by a consulting firm, and ChatGPT can provide tips and templates for creating an effective brochure.How to create a study schedule for a homeschooling program: ChatGPT can help you create a study schedule that fits your schedule and learning style and effectively provides tips and resources for homeschooling.How to make a website for a band: Building a website for a band can be a great way to promote your music and connect with your fans, and ChatGPT can provide guidance on creating a website that aligns with your band's goals and target audience.How to buy a used car seat: Buying a used car seat can be a daunting task, but ChatGPT can provide advice on researching different models, inspecting the car seat, and ensuring its safety and compliance with current regulations.How to make a brochure for a spa: A brochure can be a great way to showcase the services and treatments offered by a spa, and ChatGPT can provide tips and templates for creating an effective brochure.How to create a study schedule for a law school: ChatGPT can help you create a study schedule that fits your schedule and learning style, as well as provide tips and resources for studying effectively for law school.How to make a website for a musician: Building a website for a musician can be a great way to promote your music, connect with fans, and sell merchandise, and ChatGPT can provide guidance on creating a website that aligns with your musical goals and target audience.How to buy a used boat: Buying a used boat can be a daunting task, but ChatGPT can provide advice on researching different models, inspecting the boat, and negotiating a fair price, as well as understanding the necessary safety and maintenance measures required for owning a boat.

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PAL ADVISORY
PAL FLIGHT CANCELLATIONS DUE TO TYPHOON

In anticipation of typhoon 'Mawar" and in the interest of safety, we are canceling the following flights:

May 29, 2023

PR2932/2933 Manila - Basco - Manila
PR2198/2199 Manila - Laoag - Manila
PR2230/2231 Cebu - Baguio - Cebu

May 30, 2023

PR2196/2197 Manila - Laoag - Manila
PR2198/2199 Manila - Laoag - Manila
PR2932/2933 Manila - Basco - Manila

May 31, 2023
PR2932/2933 Manila - Basco - Manila
PR2936/2937 Manila - Basco - Manila

If your flight is cancelled, you may avail of any of the following options:

• Rebook to the next available flight with seats available using our Self- Re-accommodation tool. Visit our website and use the Self-Re-accommodation tool by clicking the Manage tab and selecting the Flight disruption button. You may also click on this link https://bit.ly/SREAC to access the tool. Rebook or Reroute your ticket to another flight with available space within 60 days from the original flight in the same booking class or higher within the same cabin class.

• Convert your ticket to Travel Credits equivalent to the unused base fare of your ticket. Voucher validity is one year (1) from the date of issuance.

• Refund ticket without penalties, excluding Ticketing Service Charge. Please visit us at https://www.philippineairlines.com/covi.../mypal-hub-request

For urgent concerns and information, you may reach us via:

• Hotline: (+632) 8539-0000 / (+632) 8855-8888
• Philippines Mobile – (+63) 919-056-2255
• Messenger: https://bit.ly/PALMessenger
• Viber: Search for Philippine Airlines
• WhatsApp: Add us as a new contact (+63) 998-951-4359
• myPAL Web Chat: https://bit.ly/PAL-Web-Chat

We also encourage you to check the status of your journey before proceeding to the airport.

We will provide further updates on the typhoon. This is a developing situation.

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A PIECE OF ADVICE TO EVERYONE

1. Build a home earlier. Be it rural home or urban home. Let all your family have good time in your house, build more memories in your home. Building a home by the time that your 50's or 60's would mean wasting all the time you should be making more memories when you were younger.

2. Go home. Don't stick at work all the year.  You are not the pillar of your department.  If you drop dead today, you will be replaced immediately and operations will continue.  Make your family a priority.

3. Don't chase promotions.  Master your skills and be excellent at what you do. If they want to promote you, that's fine if they don't,  stay positive to your personal development.

4. Avoid office or work gossip. Avoid things that tarnish your name or reputation. Don't join the bandwagon that backbites  your bosses and colleagues. Stay away from negative gatherings that have only people as their agenda.

5. Don't ever compete with your bosses.  You will burn your fingers.  Don't compete with your colleagues, you will fry your brain.

6. Ensure you have a side business.  Your salary will not sustain your needs in the long run.

7. Save some money. Let it be deducted automatically from your payslip.

8. Borrow a loan to invest in a business or to change a situation not to buy luxury. Buy luxury from your profit.

9. Keep your life,marriage and family private. Let them stay away from your work. This is very important. 

10. Be loyal to yourself  and believe in your work. Hanging around your boss will alienate you from your colleagues and  your boss may finally dump you when he leaves.

11. Retire early.  The best way to plan for your exit was when you received the employment letter. The other best time is today.  By 40 to 50 be out.

12. Join work welfare and be an active member always. It will help you a lot when  any eventuality occurs.

13.Take leave days utilize them by developing your future home or projects..usually what you do during yr leave days is a reflection of how you'll live after retirement..If it means you spend it all holding a remote control watching series on Zee world, expect nothing different after retirement.

14. Start a project while still serving or working. Let your project run whilst at work and if it doesn't do well, start another one till it's running viably. When your project is viably running then retire to manage your business. Most people or pensioners fail in life because they retire to start a project instead of retiring to run a project.

15. Pension money is not for starting a project or buy a stand or build a house but it's money for your upkeep or to maintain yourself in good health. Pension money is not for paying school fees or marrying a young wife but to look after yourself.

16. Always remember, when you retire never be a case study for living a miserable life after retirement but be a role model for colleagues to think of retiring too.

17. Don't retire just because you are finished or you are now a burden to the company and just wait for your day to die. Retire young or whilst energetic to enjoy waking up for a cup of coffee, enjoy the sun, receive money from your business, visit nice place that you missed and spend good time with family. Those who retire late, spend about 95% of their time at work than with their family and that's why they see it difficult to spend time with their family when they retire but end looking for another job till they die. If they don't get another job, they die early.

18. Retire and make use of your insurance/ investment for your living.

19. Never let your employment benefits make you forget about your retirement. Employment benefits are just meant to make you relax, get finished whilst time is moving. Remember when you retire no one will call you boss if you don't have a viable business.

20. Don't hate to retire because one day you will retire either voluntarily or involuntarily.

Hope this will help you look at life positively

Credits to the rightful owner

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HISTORY OF THE NAMES OF THE CITIES AND MUNICIPALITIES IN THE PROVINCE OF LEYTE.

1. TACLOBAN CITY - "TAKLUB" ; bamboo tray used to catch crabs or shrimp.

2. ORMOC CITY - "OGMOK" ; old Visayan term for lowland or depressed plain.

3. BAYBAY CITY - "ANG SUBA NAGBAYBAY SA PANGASUGAN" ; the community was then named as Pangasugan, but when a Spanish conquistadores asked a native about the name of the place, the native answered in Visayan, "Ang suba nagbaybay sa Pangasugan", this is how Baybay got its name.

4. ABUYOG - "AH! BUYOG" ; When Spaniards asked about the black creatures swarming along the shore, the natives answered "Buyog," repeating after the natives, the sailors muttered "Ah! Buyog."

5. ALANGALANG - "indecision" ; There was a time when only footpaths existed in Mainit river going to Carigara which was too wide to leap and too narrow to wade in, so travelers were undecided on what to do. "Alang-alang" is a vernacular word of indecision.

6. ALBUERA - "ALBUJERA or ALBUHERA" ; fresh water lake, named after a town in Galicia, Spain by a Spanish Priest.

7. BABATNGON - "BATONG" ; a large trap made of abaca fibers used for hunting by the early Boholano settlers. Later on named as "Babatngon," which means hunting ground with the use of a net.

8. BARUGO - "BALUGU" ; a big tree which grew near the bank of brook, Spaniards later called the place Barugo.

9. BATO - "ADTO SA BATO" referring to the church made of stone.

10. BURAUEN - "BURA-BURON" & "BURA-ON" ; When Spaniards were asking the natives about the name of the place, the natives thought that the Spaniards were asking about the name name of the river Bura-Buron near Bongtod Hill. When drought was felt by nearby towns, locals came to find water sources and discovered a water supply which they called "Burabod" (source spring), the barrio was then known as "Bura-on" (foamy) because of the little geysers that made the waters of the spring foam and boil. Later on the name was changed to Burawon.

11. CALUBIAN - "coconuts" ; according to the town legend, from hunting wild animals, the husband got tired and engaged in fishing until he saw a coconut floating near his boat. He gave it to his wife and then planted it. After a few years, the coconut then spreaded in the area.

12. CAPOOCAN - "MAPU-UK" ; meaning obstructed.

13. CARIGARA - "KANGARA" ; meaning "that of Gara" or simply "Gara's". Gara (was said to have come from Borneo) was one of the ten datus who landed in Panay.

14. DAGAMI - "Dinagami-an, Senor" ; The island of Leyte was divided into sultanates before Spaniards set foot in the Philippines. Three prominent sultanates merged and was called Dagilan sometime in 1478. When Spaniards arrived and happened to pass along Dagilan, they asked for the name of the community. The natives thought that the Spaniards were asking for the definite term for the field after rice had been harvested, so a woman answered, "Dinagami-an, Senor". The Spaniards had difficulty in pronouncing "Dinagami-an" and the natives laughed at them, in anger, one of the civil guards shouted agrily in Spanish, "DAGAMI or DAWIAN makes no difference, this place is DAGAMI, DAGAMI, DAGAMI"

15. DULAG -
a.) "DULAG" ; German term for center.
b.) "DULAO" ; an herb which is abundant in the area, yellowish-green in color used as a food seasoning for a local dish.
c.) "NAGDUDULAG HIN TUL-AN" there was a time when bones of different kinds of animals were scattered all around the place, and people commented "Nagdudulag hin tul-an" when they see bones all around.
d.) "DULAGDULAG" ; Dulag's first settler.

16. HILONGOS -
a.) "ILONG" : nose; adopted from its early inhabitants Ilongots, a tribe from Iloilo.
b.) "LOMOS" : to drown, a usual occurence in a turbulent Salog River which flows nearby, (account from Artigas)

17. HINDANG - "INDANG" : derived from a very large tree named Indang which used to stand in the northern part of the town.

18. INOPACAN -"INONG PAK-AN" : named after its legendary hero INONG who has wings or PAKO. folks calls hin INONG PAK-AN.

19. ISABEL - Isabel Leyte's name then was Dupong (a deadly snake), then was changed to Quiot. In 1948, the municipality was then renamed to Isabel, in honor of the wife of former Senator Carlos S. Tan, who fathered the bill and of Queen Elizabeth of Spain.

20. JARO - "HARO" : term of the mixture of the herbs from the hill (where the present church stands now), a medicinal potent drug supposed to cure all kinds of afflictions and diseases.

21. JAVIER - named after Daniel Falcon Javier, a former teacher and principal of Cebu Normal School and the person behind the barrio's progress.

22. JULITA - "HINULATAN" : meaning waiting place; from its former name Tambuko, the place was a sanctuary of traders or merchants who had to stay overnight.

23. KANANGA - "COMO AGUA CANANGA" : the fragrance of the giant Ilang-ilang captured the attention of one Spanish Lieutenant and remarked, "Como agua Cananga" a label of an old famous Spanish perfume.

24. LA PAZ - named in honor their patroness Nuestra Senora de la Paz y Buen Viaje (Our Lady of Peace)

25. LEYTE -
a.) "HIRA ETE" : The placd belonged to Ete
b.) "HIRAYTE" or "HIRAITE" : Justice Norberto Romualdez Sr.'s version, "Hi Raite," meaning a person named Raite, or "Hira Ete," meaning Ete' s mean or Ete's company.

26. MACARTHUR - Named after General Douglas MacArthur

27. MAHAPLAG - "MAHAPLA" (destruction or failure) and "KAPLAG" (success)

28. MATALOM - "MATAHUM" or "MATALOM" meaning beautiful. When Spaniards once saw the flaming red of the fire trees that dotted the shores of Matalom Beach and the scenic Canigao Island and asked the natives the local dialect for "hermosa" or beautiful, the natives answered "matahum" or "matalom"

29. MATAG-OB - "NAGTIG-OB" : meaning uniting as one, referring to the two rivers which meet at the entrance to the poblacion.

30. MAYORGA - named after  "MALLORCA", a town in Spain, famous for its luxurious growth of palms. However, natives were having diffficulty pronouncing the name and changed it to Mayorga.

31. MERIDA - named after a Spanish town.

32. PALO -
a.) the name ks derived from a mast of ships (mast in the dialect is palo) which in the past sailed in its waters and fish laden shores.
b.) it is also believed that the name is derived from the mallet "palu" for this place in the past had many carpenters.
c.) WALO WALO - Justice Norberto Romualdez' version says that this town was frequently visited by typhoon "as often as every eight days". Later, the term walo became corrupted into Palo.
d.) ATITIPALO, a certain specie of centipede. A Spanish captain befriended a beautiful lass in the settlement and one time when he vusited the lady, an insect fell on the lady's head and the member of her family shouted "Atitipalo!"

33. PALOMPON - "PAUNGPUNG" : An expedition of Spanish soldiers was once set to liberate "Hinablayan", former name of Palompon, from the marauding moros who had seized the place, they saw a cluster of mangrove flowers floating on the waters. Asking their Filipino guides what yhese clusters were, the answer was "Paungpung" which was later on evolved to Palompon.

34. PASTRANA - named after a town in Spain. Before it was named Pastrana, the place was called Pamagpagan.

35. SAN ISIDRO - named in honor of  San Isidro Labrador, the patron saint of farmers. San Isidro was originally called Ponong.

36. SAN MIGUEL - named in honor of ST. MICHAEL ARCHANGEL.

37. STA. FE - a former and one of the biggest barrio of Palo, Leyte.

38. TABANGO - "TABANG MO" : meaning help me. One day a man living in the barrio went to catch some crabs, although an expert he was bitten by a big one. A Spanish soldier happened to be near of the place and was asked for help. The man shouted "Tabang mo" and the soldier thought that it was the name of the place, "AH! TABANGO"

39. TABONTABON - named after a big tree called TABON and in its forest are large birds named TABON.

40. TANAUAN - "TAN-AWAN" a look-out tower. Due to rampant lootings, killings and other abuses of the moro pirates, watch towers were built to warn the inhabitants.

41. TOLOSA - "AN TOLO NAG USA" symbolizing the three prominent tribes in the place being united. The three chieftains were Daginot, Tostosanay and Bankaw.

42. TUNGA - a.) believed to be a contact point in trading between people from Ormoc, Carigara, Barugo, Jaro and Tacloban. Since it had no name people calls it Tunga (half).  b.) Another is Tunga acquired its name when at the time it was organized into a barrio, there was a river cutting in half.

43. VILLABA - "VILLA ALBA" or village of Alba, in honor of the wife of the Spanish Governor General in Manila, Dona Pia Alba.

Source : Leyte Town Histories and Legends; Francisco S. Tantuico Jr., 1980.

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FACTS ABOUT CUCUMBERS

1. Cucumbers contain most of the vitamins you need every day, just one cucumber contains Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Folic Acid, Vitamin C, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium and Zinc.
2. Feeling tired in the afternoon, put down the caffeinated soda and pick up a cucumber. Cucumbers are a good source of B vitamins and Carbohydrates that can provide that quick pick-me-up that can last for hours.
3. Tired of your bathroom mirror fogging up after a shower? Try rubbing a cucumber slice along the mirror, it will eliminate the fog and provide a soothing, spa-like fragrance.
4. Are grubs and slugs ruining your planting beds? Place a few slices in a small pie tin and your garden will be free of pests all season long. The chemicals in the cucumber react with the aluminum to give off a scent undetectable to humans but drive garden pests crazy and make them flee the area.
5. Looking for a fast and easy way to remove cellulite before going out or to the pool? Try rubbing a slice or two of cucumbers along your problem area for a few minutes, the phytochemicals in the cucumber cause the collagen in your skin to tighten, firming up the outer layer and reducing the visibility of cellulite. Works great on wrinkles too!!!
6. Want to avoid a hangover or terrible headache? Eat a few cucumber slices before going to bed and wake up refreshed and headache free. Cucumbers contain enough sugar, B vitamins and electrolytes to replenish essential nutrients the body lost, keeping everything in equilibrium, avoiding both a hangover and headache!!
7. Looking to fight off that afternoon or evening snacking binge? Cucumbers have been used for centuries and often used by European trappers, traders and explores for quick meals to thwart off starvation.
8. Have an important meeting or job interview and you realize that you don't have enough time to polish your shoes? Rub a freshly cut cucumber over the shoe, its chemicals will provide a quick and durable shine that not only looks great but also repels water.
9. Out of WD 40 and need to fix a squeaky hinge? Take a cucumber slice and rub it along the problematic hinge, and voila, the squeak is gone!
10. Stressed out and don't have time for massage, facial or visit to the spa? Cut up an entire cucumber and place it in a boiling pot of water, the chemicals and nutrients from the cucumber will react with the boiling water and be released in the steam, creating a soothing, relaxing aroma that has been shown to reduce the stress in new mothers and college students during final exams.
11. Just finish a business lunch and realize you don't have gum or mints? Take a slice of cucumber and press it to the roof of your mouth with your tongue for 30 seconds to eliminate bad breath, the phytochemicals will kill the bacteria in your mouth responsible for causing bad breath.
12. Looking for a 'green' way to clean your taps, sinks or stainless steel? Take a slice of cucumber and rub it on the surface you want to clean, not only will it remove years of tarnish and bring back the
shine, but is won't leave streaks and won't harm you fingers or fingernails while you clean.
13. Using a pen and made a mistake? Take the outside of the cucumber and slowly use it to erase the pen writing, also works great on crayons and markers that the kids have used to decorate the walls!
Tami's Home & Pantry

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John 21:20-25
Peter turned and saw the disciple following whom Jesus loved,
the one who had also reclined upon his chest during the supper
and had said, "Master, who is the one who will betray you?"
When Peter saw him, he said to Jesus, "Lord, what about him?"
Jesus said to him, "What if I want him to remain until I come?
What concern is it of yours? 
You follow me."
So the word spread among the brothers that that disciple would not die.
But Jesus had not told him that he would not die,
just "What if I want him to remain until I come?
What concern is it of yours?"

It is this disciple who testifies to these things
and has written them, and we know that his testimony is true.
There are also many other things that Jesus did,
but if these were to be described individually,
I do not think the whole world would contain the books
that would be written.

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The Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA) wishes to announce and congratulate the following passers of the Theoretical Examinations for Marine Deck and Engine Officers conducted at the MARINA Central Office on 25 May 2023, Thursday.

Out of 61 examinees, there were 43 passers with a passing rate of 70.49%

Of the 43 passers, 1 out of 2 examinees or 50.00% passed the Deck Management Level Examination while 2 passers out 2 or 100.00% for the Deck Operational Level Examination. For the Engine Management Level, there were 13 out 17 examinees or 76.47% passed the exam while 27 passers out of 40 examinees or 67.50% for the Engine Operational Level.

The said examinations were administered under MARINA Competency Assessment System (MCAS) Version 2.

MARINA Central Office

Deck Management Level
1. PARAN, RIEGEL PAYOD

Deck Operational Level
1. PABLO, KAHRLO USITA
2. SUMAYOD, JADE DALOGDOG

Engine Management Level
1. CASTRO, ROLANDO FERNANDEZ
2. CENITA, NORIEL APATAN
3. DEL CAMPO, GERWIN MARK CORPUZ
4. DELA CRUZ, ALLAN JAY RODOLFO
5. GOMEZ, MARK JAYSON JUNIO
6. IRINCO, DON OSCAR RODIL
7. LUBIS, HORACE ARLSON LA ROSA
8. MALINAO, DINO BARLOSO
9. PAGBA, ARIEL NAVA
10. POTENCIANO, FAUSTINO JR. GALVEZ
11. RAGANIT, RODEL MOLO
12. SUBIAGA, JOHN PAUL FOLLERO
13. TAN, ELVERT VIRTUCIO

Engine Operational Level
1. AGNOTE, GERALD ARIMADO
2. AGUSTI, RODOLFO MCCLURE II CRUZ
3. AIZON, FELIPE PULAD
4. ALKUINO, JOSEPH PUZON
5. BUSA, REX ANTHONY CESISTA
6. CAMACHO, JOHN MELCHOR BERNAL
7. DOVERTE, ARBEN HORTILANO
8. ECOS, REBUDEN ANTONIO
9. ESPINOSA, MARIO ESPAÑOLA
10. GOC-ONG, JOSE GIPULAN
11. JACOBE, ABRAHAM JR. BOLODO
12. LUEGA, JONH LEASIM SEMBLANTE
13. MARTIN, ROSAL RINO ADVINCULA
14. MESA, ALVAREZ ESPIRITU
15. MOMPER, MARLON SOTERIO
16. OROLFO, NEIL JOHN ORDENES
17. PARI-AN, CHRISTIAN BENJAMIN
18. PORTES, ALVIN DAZA
19. REA, JOHN RAFAEL ANDRADE
20. RESTILLADOR, PATRICK TOMOCON
21. REYES, HARLIE DACALOS
22. ROMA, JOHNREL SANAY
23. SERINO, MARK BRENDON CAÑALES
24. TUNGCUL, JONATHAN MANUBA
25. VELASCO, FRANCES DAVE CASCANTE
26. VILLAMAR, CHRIS JEROLD GROSPE
27. VILLEGAS, ROWELL RAYOS

Successful Examinees will automatically receive a practical assessment application permit number in their respective MISMO Accounts and a system-generated SMS. Applying for Practical Assessment in the MISMO System shall no longer be required.

#DOTrPH
#MARINA

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CEBU CITY BRANCH OPENING 𝙋𝙍𝙊𝙈𝙊 SALE

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Enrollment details: https://www.tesdaonline.info/2023/05/TWSP.html
Courses offered:
Driving NC II
Computer Servicing NC II
Electric Installation and Maintenance NC II
Heavy Equipment Operation (Motor Grader) NC II
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Bread and Pastry Production NC II
Pharmacy Services NC II


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Beer has some health benefits too. Drinking beer in moderation may help decrease the risk of heart disease and neurodegenerative diseases. It may also help control blood sugar levels and prevent osteoporosis¹²³.

Beer is a rich source of vitamins and minerals, and some also contain antioxidants². However, it is important to note that drinking too much alcohol can have negative effects on your health. So, it is recommended that you drink beer in moderation²³.

Source: Conversation with Bing, 13/05/2023
(1) Is beer healthy? How much should people drink? - Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/is-beer-healthy.
(2) Beer: Are There Health Benefits? Pros and Cons, Nutrition ... - WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/diet/beer-good-for-you.
(3) Is Beer Good for You? Potential Benefits and Downsides - Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/is-beer-good-for-you.
(4) 7 science-backed reasons beer may be good for you - NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/better/health/7-science-backed-ways-beer-good-your-health-ncna788986.

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#casestudy PlanetComm deployed Huawei's #FusionDC1000A prefabricated all-in-one #datacenter, marking an important step toward developing green data centers in Thailand and the global industry. Read the full story: https://bit.ly/42wjy2u
Join us at the APAC Green Data Center Summit on May 17 (14.00-17.30) to learn more about Huawei's cutting-edge data center facility solutions based on the GSSR concept, top business cases and the latest data center innovations and trends in APAC. Register now: https://bit.ly/41julNx

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Always Japan
A world-class underground discharge channel has been constructed on the outskirts of Tokyo, the capital of Japan. The tunnel, dug about 50 meters below ground, extends 6.3 km in total. The underground construction, comprising vertical shafts to store floodwater – which look more like gigantic tanks – and a mammoth water tank supported by towering pillars weighing 500 tons each, is far beyond anyone's wildest imagination. It was planned as an anti-flood scheme for local residents and completed in 2006. The underground discharge channel, having employed a variety of new technologies, is the very best of Japan's state-of-the-art civil engineering technology.

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According to the 2020 Census, the population of Cebu City was **964,169** people ¹. Is there anything else you would like to know?

Source: Conversation with Bing, 13/05/2023
(1) . https://bing.com/search?q=cebu+city+population.
(2) Cebu City - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebu_City.
(3) Cebu City Profile – PhilAtlas. https://www.philatlas.com/visayas/r07/cebu-city.html.
(4) Highlights of the Region VII (Central Visayas) Population 2020 Census .... https://psa.gov.ph/content/highlights-region-vii-central-visayas-population-2020-census-population-and-housing-2020-cph.

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Here is a list of the top ten most populated cities in the US as of 2020:

1. **New York City, NY** (Population: 8,622,357)
2. **Los Angeles, CA** (Population: 4,085,014)
3. **Chicago, IL** (Population: 2,670,406)
4. **Houston, TX** (Population: 2,378,146)
5. **Phoenix, AZ** (Population: 1,743,469)
6. **Philadelphia, PA** (Population: 1,590,402)
7. **San Antonio, TX** (Population: 1,579,504)
8. **San Diego, CA** (Population: 1,469,490)¹

Is there anything else you would like to know?

Source: Conversation with Bing, 13/05/2023
(1) The 300 Largest Cities in the United States by Population 2023. https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities.
(2) List of United States cities by population - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population.
(3) Largest cities in the United States by population - Ballotpedia. https://ballotpedia.org/Largest_cities_in_the_United_States_by_population.

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Here are the top 10 US states with the largest populations:

1. **California** — 40,223,504
2. **Texas** — 30,345,487
3. **Florida** — 22,359,251
4. **New York** — 20,448,194
5. **Pennsylvania** — 13,092,796
6. **Illinois** — 12,807,072
7. **Ohio** — 11,878,330
8. **Georgia** — 11,019,186¹

Is there anything else you would like to know?

Source: Conversation with Bing, 13/05/2023
(1) US States - Ranked by Population 2023 - World Population Review. https://bing.com/search?q=top+states+usa+in+terms+of+population.
(2) List of U.S. states by population - Simple English Wikipedia, the free .... https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_population.
(3) List of U.S. states and territories by population - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population.
(4) State Population and Size - Stately Knowledge: Facts about the United .... https://www.ipl.org/div/stateknow/popchart.html.
(5) List of states and territories of the United States - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States.
(6) List of US States by Population - Nations Online Project. https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/US-states-population.htm.

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The current population of the United States of America is estimated to be around **336,528,517** people as of May 11, 2023². Is there anything else you would like to know?

Source: Conversation with Bing, 13/05/2023
(1) United States Population (2023) - Worldometer. https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/us-population/.
(2) https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/USA/united-states/population#:~:text=The%20population%20of%20U.S.%20in%202019%20was%20329%2C064%2C917%2C,2018%20was%20327%2C096%2C265%2C%20a%200.62%25%20increase%20from%202017.. https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/USA/united-states/population.
(3) U.S. and World Population Clock - Census.gov. https://www.census.gov/popclock/.
(4) U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: United States. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/POP010220.

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The current population of the United Kingdom is estimated to be around **68,893,405** people as of May 3, 2023¹. Is there anything else you would like to know?

Source: Conversation with Bing, 13/05/2023
(1) U.K. Population (2023) - Worldometer. https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/uk-population/.
(2) Demography of the United Kingdom - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography_of_the_United_Kingdom.
(3) Population estimates - Office for National Statistics. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates.

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This paper estimates the policy and economic impacts of a European Union–led effort to review and "blacklist" jurisdictions based on their compliance with international standards designed to curb corporate profit shifting and private tax evasion. Using a combination of regression discontinuity and difference-and-difference methods, there is evidence of only limited improvements in tax governance four years after the inception of the list. There is also no clear evidence that the listing exercise had any impact on offshore wealth or shifted profits, largely because the bulk of jurisdictions that host both of these were not targeted by the European Union. The results suggest that "coercive" efforts to reduce global tax evasion and avoidance will struggle without better targeting and enforcement.
Citation
"Collin, Matthew. 2023. The Impact of Tax Blacklisting. Policy Research Working Papers; 10435. World Bank, Washington, DC. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/39803 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO."
URI
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/39803

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Brazil's nine Amazonian states, here collectively referred to as Amazônia, include some of the world's richest ecosystems, including the Amazon rainforest and parts of the Cerrado savanna and Pantanal wetlands. The region is also among Brazil's poorest socioeconomically. As a result, sustainable, inclusive development of Amazônia calls for raising living standards while protecting natural forests. A Balancing Act for Brazil's Amazonian States: An Economic Memorandum explores how a recalibrated development approach can achieve these goals. In the shorter term, there is an urgent need to halt deforestation--a massive destruction of natural wealth that poses risks to the climate and economy. Amazônia is Brazil's deforestation hot spot, and the Amazon rainforest is approaching tipping points into broad and permanent forest loss. Reversing the recent increase in deforestation requires stronger land and forest governance, including land regularization and more effective law enforcement. In the longer term, both Brazil and Amazônia need a new growth model. This model would be anchored in productivity rather than resource extraction and it would diversify the export basket beyond commodities. A more balanced structural transformation requires the lagging urban sectors, such as manufacturing and services, to step up to promote economic growth, reduce pressure on the agricultural frontier, and generate jobs for Brazil and Amazônia's largely urban populations. The public-good value of Amazônia's forests could generate conservation finance linked to verifiable reductions in deforestation. Such financing would support a new development approach, combining forest protection, productivity, balanced structural transformation, sustainable production techniques (including the bioeconomy), and other measures to address the needs of Amazônia's urban and rural populations. This approach must also heed the needs and interests of Amazônia's traditional communities. Given both the value and the fragility of Amazônia's ecosystems, coupled with considerable socioeconomic local needs, the stakes are high—for Amazônia, Brazil, and the world.
Citation
"Hanusch, Marek; editor. 2023. A Balancing Act for Brazil's Amazonian States: An Economic Memorandum. Washington, DC: World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/39778 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO."
URI
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/39778

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From USC FB Page: Rica Mae O. Albiso, a magna cum laude graduate of BS Accountancy, garnered the second highest score in the January/February 2023 window of the Certified Management Accountant (CMA) Exam, a global certification that measures the competencies of financial professionals and management accountants in different countries worldwide.
Since 2015, USC has produced graduates among the top three highest CMA scores worldwide as well as examinees of distinguished performance.
https://www.usc.edu.ph/usc-grad-ranks-2nd-in-worldwide...
#UShineCarolinians #UShapeChampions #EducationWithAMission #WitnessToTheWord #thewordalive

If you want to be a Carolinian, the admission is ongoing, please apply on this link  https://www.usc.edu.ph/admission/apply-to-usc

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Dr. Persida V. Rueda-Acosta

D.S.D, the Chief Public Attorney of the Public Attorney's Office, is the  4th Placer  in  the  1989  Bar  Examinations. She is a Doctor of Social Development graduate (GWA 1.20) from the University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, and has completed the Senior Executive Fellows Program, as well as the Senior Executive Program on National and International Security at the Harvard Kennedy School (HKS), Massachusetts, U.S.A.

Dr. Acosta is an Asian Public Intellectuals (API) Senior Fellow. She  is  also  a  Fellow  of  the  Salzburg  Global  Seminar  and  the U.S.A. International Visitor (IV) Program.  She acquired a Certificate in Public Financial Management from the Executive Education Program of the Harvard Kennedy School,  Massachusetts,  and  a  Professional Certificate  in  International  Management  and  Leadership  from  the  International  Centre  for Parliamentary  Studies  (ICPS) in London.

#lagunaexcellenceawards #LifetimeAchievementAward

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May Home Prepaid WiFi device ka ba na hindi na nagagamit? Baka expired na ang SIM mo! Para magamit muli ang iyong device, bumili lang ng bagong Home Prepaid WiFi SIM sa halagang P88 sa pinakamalapit na Globe Store o sa http://glbe.co/prepaidwifisim. Bago gamitin, huwag kalimutan na i-register ang bagong Home Prepaid WiFi SIM via GlobeOne app sa https://globeone.onelink.me/ej7I/G1SMS. No advisories? Text OFF to 2686 for FREE.

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Bohol First District Congressman Edgar M. Chatto has emphasized the importance of science advocacy in addressing climate change during his speech at the opening of the 2023 Climate Science Youth Camp of the Department of Science and Technology - Science Education Institute (DOST-SEI).

Chatto spoke before senior high school students, school and science department heads of public schools offering Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) strand.

The Boholano lawmaker congratulated participants as he relayed initiatives of the country in addressing the global concern on climate change.

He also shared his love for science at a young age as then Bohol Chapter president of the Philippine Society of Youth Science Clubs (PSYSC) and later on as congressman serving in the national board of the PSYSC.

He employed science-based decision making as governor with the support of a University of the Philippines (UP) Advisory Council composed of Boholano technical experts.

Chatto hopes that the learning and experience gained from the 8-day camp themed "New Horizons: Connecting Lines Between Sky, Sea and Society" make a mark in participants' future field of interest.

The camp aims to promote oceanography and meteorology as a field of study and as a career to strengthen the S&T human resource in the country. It emphasizes the vital roles that marine science and meteorology have in understanding climate change and allowing participants to push environmental boundaries.

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Please be advised that a system upgrade will happen from May 6 (10PM) to May 7 (12NN) to ensure the quality and efficiency of our services. Our ATMs, online channels, debit and prepaid cards, and other services except for credit cards, will be temporarily unavailable. Pls visit our website for full details. Updates will be posted on Metrobank's social media pages. Rest assured that your money is safe and secure with us. Thank you for understanding.

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By Gligo
It is impossible to count how much research and experimentation Bruce Lee did in his short life. Chuck Norris' private student recalls: No one trained the way Bruce trained - fanatically. He lived with trainings and thoughts about them from the moment he got up at six in the morning until they were over. until he went to bed late at night. If he wasn't training, he was thinking about training. His brain was constantly working, he didn't know what rest was. He was constantly thinking about how to raise himself to a new level, what innovations to apply in training. His brain worked tirelessly.

Lee is known to have experimented with many types of martial arts and used additional training programs. If you look at his training schedule over a period of ten years, you can make a lot of interesting discoveries. First, it is a process of continuous improvement in which Lee emphasizes learning new and improving existing techniques, temporarily setting aside the practice of techniques he has already sufficiently mastered, completely rejecting those he considers unnecessary or devoid of practical application, and constantly increasing the amount of additional training to strengthen those technical skills that he considers most important for martial arts.

For example, looking at his training notes from 1963, we come to the conclusion that he practiced in the so-called traditional style - he studied the movement blocks inherent in Wing Chun kung fu, a classical form of Chinese martial arts. He practiced the "sil-lum-taoo" ("big little idea") style and practiced daily on a "mook jong" (wooden puppet). As Taky Kimura and Jesse Glover, who trained with Bruce during this period, recall, he could work with a wooden dummy for three or more hours a day, do the same Wing Chun moves several times, then move on to kicking. hands and feet. In 1965, Lee added the one-two technique (short right and left cross) and the reverse fist technique (gwa choi) from Western boxing to Wing Chun's arsenal.

Bruce Lee
More importantly, during this period, he begins to train with a bar for the development of the forearms, introduces running exercises for endurance and special exercises for the abdominal muscles. In 1968, Lee abandoned "sil-lum-tao" (at least as the main component of his training), and in his studies the great influence of western boxing (hook, short punch, uppercut and cross) became noticeable. By the 1970s, his workouts were as varied as possible: weight lifting for strength, running and cycling for cardiovascular fitness, stretching for flexibility, heavy bag for timing and strength, speed bag for rhythm and timing, high and low bag for coordination and precision. Furthermore, he begins to conduct separate training to focus more on each aspect of the martial arts,

Note that the influence of classical Wing Chun has now largely disappeared from his training. He doesn't practice movements, he doesn't work with a wooden doll, he doesn't punch the air. The strikes are not limited to the lower level that is emphasized in Wing Chun, but from this it cannot be concluded that Lee has forgotten or abandoned his knowledge of this style. They are already so deeply embedded in his consciousness that he can always use them if the need arises. However, his training programs show that by the early 1970s, Lee began to prefer more rational hitting techniques and increased the amount of additional training to perform the techniques more effectively.

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By Clutch Points
In 1984, a kid from Akron was born and raised by a single mother. He never had a permanent home. But by 2000, he was famous. By 2009, he was the best player in the NBA. And when he retires, there's a chance we call him the greatest athlete that ever lived.

In 1988, another kid was born in Akron. He was raised by an NBA player, but it didn't look like it at first. By 2005, he was a 3-star HS recruit with weak size. By 2012, he was ready to retire with weak ankles. But, by 2016, he became the greatest shooter ever. And last year, he caught up to the first Akron kid in championships.

If you couldn't tell, Stephen Curry vs LeBron James is a cinematic experience. Two unexpected heroes from different worlds who have fought battles of Marvel proportions. And the script is not done.

Steph has a 15-7 playoff record and 3-1 Finals record vs LeBron. Sure, if Kyrie doesn't do this or KD doesn't do that- maybe this looks different. But times have changed.

The worst moment in Steph's career happened 7 years ago in Game 7. Since then, he's won 3 championships, became a virtual billionaire, and just dropped the first 50-point game in a Game 7...EVER. It's the greatest comeback anyone could imagine from the worst collapse anyone has ever seen.

This might be the most important semifinals series in NBA history, because the winner will have a chance at a 5th ring. And whoever wins that ring could change the GOAT debate forever.

NBA script writers definitely got a raise...

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By Daphne Santuyo
IPIL MASSACRE.......NEVER FORGET

April 4, 1995, 26 years ago today.

I was a third year MassCom student of Silliman University then..... I did not take summer classes because it was election year and my brother was running for Councilor at that time.

For those who know me since childhood, maybe they also know that ever since, my idol was Atty. Belma Cabilao, and on that day, she was scheduled to come to Ipil as part of her campaign sortie. She was running for Congressman of the third district of Zamboanga del Sur then.

Each time she came, I would prepare a corsage for her, and I would have it handed to her, and I'm not even sure if she that I was that child sending her those corsages, all the time....hehehe.

Because she was supposed to arrive around 2:00PM that day, I went out around 11:00 AM to buy some orchids and some things I needed to make a beautiful corsage for her.

While on my way home aboard a "sikad-sikad", I noticed that there were so many soldiers at the vicinity of the public market, and I asked myself, "What could there be to have that unusual number of men in uniform?"

Few minutes after getting home, as I was making the corsage while watching TV, we started hearing gunshots first....then explosions. We saw people running from the Public Market area, and some even took refuge inside our house.

We were told that men in military uniform were attacking the commercial center of Ipil.

Few minutes later, the commercial area of Ipil was burning.

So my dad who happened to be the president of Jayceecom then, contacted Fixer (Susing Dapat) who was based near Mercury drug today. Proximity wise, he surely would have the best assessment of the situation.

And we heard from him that hundreds of men in military uniform were indeed attacking Ipil.

For about 30 minutes, we were glued to the floor while monitoring thru hand-held radio.......it seemed forever though.....Until finally Fixer echoed on the radio "Tua na sila, nanghawa na!".

Automatically, I rushed to get my Kodak camera with very little film during that time, and went to the commercial district of Ipil with my dad's motorcycle.........

I could not even come close because of the fire.

I decided to check on other places instead, thank you to Konica for allowing me to buy 2 rolls of 36-shots of film then, I was able to go inside banks and establishments to take pictures.

I took photos of burned people......buildings.......but one thing that never got off my mind was the image I saw inside Allied Bank. They used to be located at Flying A area. The moment I got in, I saw the corpse of a person who save my life in the past......Nong Eddie Ignacio. How he saved me is another story though, but the moment I saw him, I trembled.......

We walked towards the back part of the bank and saw three dead persons on top of each other.........another one along the aisle......

It was a nightmare.......

That was the longest day for my beloved Ipil........

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By Atty Jordan Pizarras

A little bit of history. Tagbilaran and Bohol 123 years ago. Impressions of George Percival Scriven,  (February 21, 1854 – March 7, 1940) an american soldier, while lying in bed, sick with fever. He was part of a continent of 200 American soldiers under a Major Hale dispatched to Bohol to secure the island during the Philippine-American war. This was two years after the Declaration of Bohol  as a Republic by the local citizens. He had a good impression of the  Boholanos compared with natives of the other islands. These are excerpts from his diary. Read on...

Tagbilaran, Island of Bohol, Philippine Islands, Sunday Morning, March 25, 1900,
The Hospital.
I have been here, in the hospital I mean, sick with a fever six days now, and am beginning to feel really better this morning though weak. I seem to have had a pretty sharp attack of Dengue fever with a great deal of pain for two or three days and much weakness but thanks to skilful treatment and the great care of Dr. (Captain) C.L. Furbush, of the 44th Vol. Infantry, seem fairly in the road to recovery, which means a good deal to a man playing Robinson Crusoe — with some two hundred others — on this hitherto unknown island of the archipelago.
Still it is hard to imagine, as I write in the cool, well shaded room of the house we have taken as a hospital that the little command under Major Hale is as absolutely cut off from the world as is the case, without means of communication with the other islands, except by native's boat, with no transport of its own, no cables, simply provisioned for two months and tossed on the shore of an unknown island, to meet and control conditions of which no knowledge could be previously obtained and with two companies of infantry to protect, control, [mould?], overawe if necessary, a population of something like two hundred and fifty thousand natives who for nearly two years have lived under their own independent government. However, as I say, it is a pretty house — this hospital — in all but its name; surrounded by bananas and topped by [feathery?] palms it is a true lodge in a wilderness from our point of view, whereas from another it occupies a corner of a street that for cleanness and straightness might belong to a New England village, and on this bright Sunday morning, as the people return in groups from church, has the moral air of that great land, an [inner?] breath of peace and good will to men stealing out as it were over a sunshine and heat such as New England never felt.
Indeed the groups returning from church are good to look upon, all dressed in their best, clean and sober minded, the men usually without hats and bare-footed, but wearing oftentimes a light coat, [otherwise?] the inevitable shirt and trousers, the women with bare feet as a rule, and perhaps [slippers?], with black shirts and over their heads a garment not unlike the head dress of the Breton peasants, with a stiff piece over the head like an Italian [illegible ] and a long white veil trimmed or embroidered at the edges, a picturesque garment, but goulish [sic ] as the shades of evening fall and a silent c[ ] comes moving down the street from vesper service.
The Bojolanos are a pleasant people, larger and of lighter color than the natives of other islands of the Visayas whom I have seen, and with more open and intelligent faces. They appear friendly and respectful but are very shy. The women are modest in appearance and prettier than others, they have finer complexions and their mouths and teeth do not seem as fouled by the use of beetle-nut; they are larger, too, with more curves to their figures and flesh on their bones than have the willowy, bamboo shaped houris of Panay. They seem very modest and unsophisticated too and Dr. Furbush is [authority?] for saying there is no venereal disease on the island — pretty well for nearly 250 thousand people. Certainly it is a primitive Robinson Crusoe kind of an island in Arcadia now that the Spaniard has gone. But alas the snake has entered Paradise, small pox is rampant, and dysentery and fevers plentiful enough. Doctors there seem to be none, but a medicine woman or man here do their practices on the miseries of the sick. One little child dying of dysentery the doctor found with a green leaf tied to its leg, and its chest sprinkled with tea leaves. But what can they do for things, it is the best they have. This child died in spite of all the doctor could do, and he worked hard over it, and the poor mother almost a child herself was frustrated with grief for her first-born. The father, however, seemed stolid and indifferent, but it seems was [reproved?] for his callousness by the sympathy of neighbors, hard as it seems that these people are not heartless to their own as there is reason to believe the case with many of the Malays. In fact their lighter color, larger frames and well nourished bodies, well developed and rounded limbs seem to indicate a better type than the skinny monkey like inhabitants of Panay, and the quantity of clothing worn especially by women, the more graceful flowing garments and set of the clothes seem to indicate a nearer affinity to European ideas amongst the Bojolanos than elsewhere in the Visayas ( Duke University Digital Library).

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On April 28, 1964. The Beatles recorded the TV special 'Around The Beatles' at Wembley studios England. As well as performing songs they played Act V Scene 1 of Shakespeare's 'A Midsummer Nights Dream' with John playing the female role of Thisbe, Paul as Pyramus, George as Moonshine and Ringo as Lion. Paul later named his cat Thisbe.

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#ShabbatShalom from Independence Hall. 75 years ago, a declaration signed in this Tel Aviv art gallery changed the world forever. David Ben-Gurion, Israel's leading founder, and first prime minister, declared the birth of modern Israel in #TelAviv's #Independence Hall on May 14, 1948, and for the first time in nearly 2,000 years, the #Jewish people had a nation.

#YomHaatzmaut  #BenGurion

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/ Johann Wolfgang von Goethe /
.
"To think is easy. To act is hard. But the hardest thing in the world is to act in accordance with your thinking."
.
"Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was a German poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman, theatre director, and critic. His works include plays, poetry, literature, and aesthetic criticism as well as treatises on botany, anatomy, and colour. He is widely regarded as the greatest and most influential writer in the German language, his work having a profound and wide-ranging influence on Western literary, political and philosophical thought from the late 18th century to the present day. Goethe took up residence in Weimar in November 1775 following the success of his first novel, The Sorrows of Young Werther. He was ennobled by the Duke of Saxe-Weimar, Karl August, in 1782. He was an early participant in the Sturm und Drang literary movement."
W
Born: Johann Wolfgang Goethe, August 28, 1749, Free Imperial City of Frankfurt, Holy Roman Empire
Died: March 22, 1832, Weimar, Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, German Confederation
Occupation: Poet, novelist, playwright, natural philosopher, diplomat, civil servant
Alma mater: Leipzig University, University of Strasbourg
Literary movement:Sturm und Drang, Weimar Classicism, Romanticism in science
Notable works:Faust, The Sorrows of Young Werther, Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship, Elective Affinities, "Prometheus", Zur Farbenlehre, Italienische Reise, West–östlicher Divan

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U.S. Soldiers, with the 65th Brigade Engineer Battalion, and Philippine Army  soldiers, with the 525th Engineer Combat Battalion, advance on a breaching site during a demolition breaching range on Fort Magsaysay, Philippines as part of Balikatan 23, on April 22, 2023. The mission included an infiltration to the objective, removing obstacles with explosives, actions on the objective, on-site medicine for simulated casualties and tactical exfiltration from the objective.

Balikatan 23 is the 38th iteration of the annual bilateral exercise between the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the US military. The exercise includes 3 weeks of training focused on amphibious operations, command and control, humanitarian assistance, urban operations, and counter-terrorism skills throughout northern and western Luzon. Coastal defense training figures
prominently in the Baliktan training schedule. (U.S. Army photo by Spc. Brennick Stevens)

25th Infantry Division U.S. Army Pacific

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Did you know that modern jet engines can have between 30,000 and 50,000 individual parts, including thousands of rotating and stationary components? The maintenance process can take up to 180 days and cost millions of dollars, but it's crucial to ensure these machines run safely and efficiently. Marvel at the complexity of jet engines!

Read more: https://aviationforaviators.com/2023/03/24/the-marvelous-complexity-of-jet-engines-how-many-parts-do-they-consist-of/

#aviation #avgeek #aviationforaviation #aviationnews #aviationdaily #engineering #jetengines #aerospace #technology

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In 53 BC, at Carrhae, ancient Rome suffered one of the most disastrous defeats in its entire history when the legions were caught in the open by an army of mounted Parthian archers and heavy cataphract cavalry...

"Crassus sent forth his light troops but they were met by a storm of arrows. Shot from powerful composite reflex bows, made of wood, horn and sinew, whose limbs bent forward when unstrung, the iron arrow heads struck with deadly velocity. The Roman light troops fled back to the legionary lines and nearly threw them into disorder. In their testudo formation, a wall and roof of shields, and further protected by bronze helmets and mailed tunics, the legionaries were near impervious to arrows. Arrows stuck quivering into the ground, thudded into wooden shields or glanced off armor. Still the sheer number of arrows ensued that a good number hit exposed eyes, faces, throats, hands and limbs. The arrow heads were barbed and when pulled out ripped apart flesh, sinews and veins...

"The cataphracts joined in the attack, steadily advancing then thrusting their long kontoi at the Romans. Designed to slay horses, the kontos easily sundered the links of Roman mail. At times the long pikes skewered up to two Romans at once. The two pila javelins typically carried by the legionaries appear to have quickly used up. Their remaining gladius short swords were ineffective against either the archers or against the kontoi. Gripped by fear, the Romans in the frontal ranks pushed back upon their comrades behind them. The broken Roman formations were then hit hard by missile fire...

"The withering Roman ranks were slowly pushed into an ever tightening area. Roman corpses littered the ground. Dying wounded gushed blood and gasped for air. At nightfall the Parthians called off their attack. Quivers were empty, bow strings had snapped and blades had become blunted. Men and horses were exhausted. A Parthian herald shouted at the Romans; Crassus was to be granted one night to lament his son's death. The next day, he could either surrender and be brought to their king or be taken to him as a corpse."

Excerpts from "Roman Disaster at Carrhae, 53 BC," https://ludwigheinrichdyck.wordpress.com/2023/04/22/roman-disaster-at-carrhae-53-bc/

Image: Giuseppe Rava, g-rava.it.

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The University of the Philippines Diliman is the lone top performing school in the April 2023 Electronics Engineers Licensure Examination.

UP Diliman posted an 87.50% passing rate with alumni John Vincent A. Portugal in the 4th top spot, Moises Angelo Q. Sanchez in the 8th top spot, and Constantine Nicolai U. Tan in the 9th top spot.

Pagbati, mga Iskolar ng Bayan! Padayon!

Read more here: https://www.prc.gov.ph/article/april-2023-electronics-engineers-licensure-examination-results-released-three-3-working-days

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Greeks vs. Carthage - The Sicilian Wars 480 BCE to 306 BCE

Sicily proved to be the battleground between two of the premiere civilizations in the Mediterranean.  The Doric Greeks and the Phoenician Carthaginians battled for control over the island as a vital crossing point and stronghold for trade.  Whoever controlled the island could control North/South and East/West sea lanes.  Therefore, the competition between the Greek allied city-states often led by Syracuse and the North African city of Carthage raged for decades.

The Carthaginian army was routed by a numerically inferior Greek force. The slaughter was so immense that the First Battle of Himera became conflated by ancient Greek historians with a contemporaneous triumph at Salamis where Grecian forces pounded the Persian invaders.

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Remembering the life and works of National Artist Fernando C. Amorsolo on his 51st death anniversary.

Fernando V. Amorsolo was the first National Artist, with the official title "Grand Old Man of the Philippine Art". He developed the backlighting technique that became his trademark where figures - a cluster of leaves, spill of hair, the swell of breast - are seen aglow on canvas. His citation underscores all his years of creative activity which have "defined and perpetuated a distinct element of the nation's artistic and cultural heritage". His major works include 'Maiden in a Stream', 'El Ciego', 'Dalagang Bukid', 'The Mestiza', 'Planting Rice', 'Sunday Morning Going to Tow', 'Antipolo Fiesta' and 'Afternoon Meals of Rice Workers'.

Read more: https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/national-artists-of-the-philippines/fernando-amorsolo/

#OrderOfNationalArtist
#HaligingHarayangFilipino

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Are you a Software implementer, Developer or Tech solution house?
Meet the Odoo team to expand your services and client bases as our official local partner to offer an open source ERP solution!

  Venue: Radisson Blu Cebu
  Date: 18 May 2023
  Time: 09:30 - 12:00 (PHT)

> Reserve your seat NOW: https://www.odoo.com/r/5g2b

Admission is free, but mandatory to save your spot at the event. Please visit the link for more information or registration.

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The Secret to Success

Once a young man asked the wise man, Socrates,  the secret to success. Socrates patiently listened to the man's question and told him to meet him near the river the next morning for the answer.

The next morning Socrates asked the young man to walk with him towards the river. As they went in the river  the water got up to their neck. But to the young man's surprise Socrates ducked him into the water.

The young man struggled to get out of the water, but Socrates was strong and kept him there until the boy started turning blue.

Socrates pulled the man's head out of the water. The young man gasps and took a deep breath of air.

Socrates asked, 'What did you want the most when your head was in the water?" The young man replied, "Air." Socrates said, "That is the secret to success. When you want success as badly as you wanted the air while you were in the water, then you will get it. There is no other secret."

Moral of the story:

A burning desire is the starting point of all accomplishment. Just like a small fire cannot give much heat, a weak desire cannot produce great results.

Thanks for reading

For moreHassan Sas Bangura Blog

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Neo-Baylonians Defeat the Assyrians and Egyptians . 
The Assyrians eventually overextended themselves as the empire became mired in corruption and cities within the empire came under attack from the Babylonians and other rivals. Recently a clay table written by an official for the Assyrian leader Mannu-ki-Labbali---who is making a desperate cry for reinforcements as he is being besieged by a Babylonian force at the ancient city of Tushan before it is sacked, plundered and burned---was unearthed by a team lead by Cambridge archaeologist John MacGinnis working at Tushan, a rich trading city under the Assyrians located near Diyarbakir in present-day Turkey.
In the 30-line letter, a city treasurer in charge of raising an army to defend the city, despairs over a lack of equipment and manpower to stave off the attack. Speaking for Mannu-ki-Labbali the author of tablet described how coppersmiths, blacksmiths, bow-makers and arrow makers---necessary to keeping an army maintained---have fled the city, "Not one of them is here!" he laments, "How can I command?" he also lists shortages of horses, chariots, bandage boxes and containers. The letter ends with an anguished cry: "No one will come out of it! No one will escape. I am done!" Some historians regard the fall of Tushan as the beginning of the end of the Assyrian empire and if nothing else it shows how unprepared the Assyrians were for attacks by rivals.

The Assyrians were defeated by an alliance of Babylonians to south and Medes (former vassals of the Assyrians), Cimmerians (sometimes confused with Scythians) and Chaldeans from the Iranian plateau who besieged and destroyed Nimrud and the Assyrian capital of Nineveh, burning it to the ground.

The Babylonian army, led by Nabopolassar's son Nebuchadrezzar (the Nebuchadnezzar of the Bible), defeated the Assyrians and Egyptians at Carchemish in 605. Fleeing Egyptians were pursued to their own borders and only saved from invasion by the death of Nabopolassar which necessitated Nebuchadrezzar's return to Babylon. He was crowned king in April, 604. 
https://factsanddetails.com/world/cat56/sub402/item1528.html#chapter-11

  البابليين الجدد يهزمون  الآشوريين والمصريين.
  وسع الآشوريون أمبراطوريتهم أكثر من اللازم حيث في النهايه أصبحت الإمبراطورية غارقة في الفساد  وتعرضت مدن داخل الإمبراطورية للهجوم من البابليين وغيرهم من الخصوم .  حديثا  لوح طيني كتبه مسؤول للزعيم الآشوري مانو كي لبالي - الذي يستغيث يائس بطلب التعزيزات لأنه محاصر من قبل قوة بابلية في مدينة توشان  قبل أن تسقط و  تنهب وتحرق  اكتشف اللوح من قبل فريق تنقيب بقيادة عالم الآثار من جامعة كامبريدج جون ماكجينيس الذي يعمل في توشان ، وهي مدينة تجارية غنية تحت حكم الآشوريين وتقع بالقرب من ديار بكر في تركيا الحالية.
في اللوح  رسالة مكونة من 30 سطرًا ، يأس أمين صندوق المدينة المسؤول عن حشد جيش للدفاع عن المدينة من نقص المعدات والقوى البشرية لدرء الهجوم.  متحدثًا باسم مانو كي لبالي ، وصف كاتب اللوح  كيف هرب الحدادين وصناعوا النحاس و الأقواس وصناع الأسهم - الضروريون للحفاظ على الجيش - من المدينة ، "لا أحد منهم موجود هنا!"  يتأسف ، "كيف لي أن آمر؟"  كما يسرد النقص في الخيول والعربات وصناديق الضمادات والحاويات .  تنتهي الرسالة بصرخة حزينة: "لن يخرج منها أحد!  لن يهرب أحد .  لقد انتهيت!"  يعتبر بعض المؤرخين أن سقوط توشان كان بداية لنهاية الإمبراطورية الآشورية ، وإذا لم يكن هناك شيء آخر ، فإنه يظهر مدى عدم استعداد الآشوريين لهجمات الخصوم .
هُزم الآشوريون من قبل تحالف البابليين في الجنوب والميديين (اتباع الاشوريين السابقين ) ، السيميريين  والكلدان من الهضبة الإيرانية الذين حاصروا ودمروا نمرود والعاصمة الآشورية نينوى ، وأحرقوها .
هزم الجيش البابلي ، بقيادة نبوخذ نصر ابن نبوبلاصر (نبوخذ نصر في الكتاب المقدس) ، الآشوريين والمصريين في كركميش عام 605. تمت ملاحقة المصريين الفارين إلى حدودهم  ولم ينقذوا إلا بموت نبوبلاصر مما استدعى عودة نبوخذ نصر إلى  بابل.  توج ملكًا في أبريل 604.
#We_love_Mesopotamia

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The Berber Queen who defied the Caliphate: Al-Kahina and the Islamic Conquest of North Africa

Seventh-century North Africa would see the rise of a warrior queen named al-Kahina. Who was she and how was she able to wage a war against the Umayyad Caliphate?

After their unification under the banner of Islam and the rule of the caliphs in Medina, the Arabs embarked on a series of spectacular conquests during the 7th and 8th centuries. By the mid-8th century, they created an empire that encompassed the territories between the Iberian Peninsula in the west to Norther India and Central Asia in the East
Morocco's Indigenous Berber women play a prominent role in their culture.

For example, the story of Kahina, the pre-Islamic female warrior, is still very much alive in Berber culture and nowadays is used by the youth as a symbol of Berber language and culture. Kahina is remembered for her acts of bravery and her clairvoyant ability to lead her people against the Arab invasions in the 7th century CE. She surmounted the masculine monopoly of military enterprise to become a legend and the only uncrowned 'she king' in Moroccan history. Kahina, whose name means 'priestess' or 'prophetess', was born in the Aures Mountains in Algeria in the 7th century; the exact date is unknown.

During her lifetime, Arab generals began to lead armies into North Africa, preparing to conquer the area and introduce Islam to the local peoples. Kahina directed a determined resistance to the invasions. Around 690, she assumed personal command of the African forces, and under her aggressive leadership, the Arabs were forced to retreat.

#africanhistory #BlackHistoryMonth #blackhistory #africa

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Definition 1. (Adjective) (of a restaurant meal) having unlimited choices with a separate price for each item
Synonym: a la carte
Antonym: prix fixe
table d'hote
Definition 2. (Noun) a menu having individual dishes listed with separate prices
Synonym: a la carte
hypernym: bill of fare
card
carte
carte du jour
menu
Definition 3. (Adverb) by ordering items listed individually on a menu
Synonym: a la carte
Example: we ate a la carte
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The ancient Macedonian army was one of the greatest military forces of the ancient world, created and made formidable by King Philip II of Macedon1. The army was an amalgamation of different forces, including Macedonians, other Greeks, and a wide range of mercenaries from across the Aegean and Balkans1. The Macedonian army consisted of light cavalry, heavy cavalry, and siege engines, each troop type being used to its own particular advantage and creating a synergy of mutual support1. The Macedonian infantry in this period consisted of poorly trained shepherds and farmers, while the cavalry was composed of noblemen eager to win glory1. The army supposedly reached 120,000 front-line troops at one point, not including camp followers1.The Army of the Republic of North Macedonia is the current army of North Macedonia2. It is composed of various units, including the Special Forces Battalion, which is trained for search and rescue in ruins2. The Training and Doctrine Command marked April 15 as the Day of the Unit, with a military ceremony held at barracks "Alekso Demnievski Bauman" in Veles2. The Chief of General Staff, Lieutenant General Vasko Gjurchinovski, attended the ceremony2. The Army of the Republic of North Macedonia is also a member of NATO, and as part of the activities to mark the third anniversary of NATO membership, "Defense Forum 2023" was held in Skopje2. The forum discussed the position and role of the army, future development, and priorities2. The Commander of the NATO Rapid Deployable Corps in Italy, Lieutenant General Lorenzo D'Addario, paid a working visit to the General Staff of the Army of the Republic of North Macedonia and the Ministry of Defence.

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Why was the Hellenic Macedonian Army so good?

In the 4th century bc, the Macedonian army was the best in the world.
It was remarkable, mainly, because it was a standing army. No other Greek city-state other than Sparta was able to keep an army permanently mobilised.

Philip and Alexander were able to do this because:
1. The gold mines at Amphipolis provided the money
2. The lush valleys of the 'Highland' areas of Macedonia provided pasture for thousands of war horses
3. Tens of thousands of slaves – captured in wars – did the farm-work whilst the Macedonian men served in the army.

The Macedonian army was tough:
*  Women were not allowed into the camp
*  Some cavalry were placed behind the army to kill anybody who tried to run away
*  Soldiers were made to wash in cold water
*  Even the officers had to march, up to 30 miles a day, carrying 30 days' supply of flour
*  They were allowed only one attendant for every ten men
*  They were taught to manage on very little food, and on campaign were expected to 'live off the land'
*  Long periods were spent drilling and manoeuvring; this was especially crucial for the cavalry, which Alexander commanded, which was able as no other cavalry of the time to wheel round and change the direction of attack.

A Nation Used To Warfare

A long-term factor in Alexander's success was that Greece had been continually at war for at least a century and a half; the Greek were a nation used to warfare, practiced to it and hardened by it. (Remember that Philip had learned his warcraft in the Theban Army under Pammenes, the leader of the Sacred Band of Thebes.)

And this was not just true only for land-battles, but also sieges – Philip had hired Polyeidus of Thessaly, who invented many siege machines, including the twisted bow-string, the covered battering ram, and a huge siege tower (Polyeidus's pupil, Diades, was with Alexander at Tyre).

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THE VIKING KINGS OF ENGLAND

The Vikings of Scandinavia had been raiding Britain since the 780, sacking the famous monastery at Lindisfarne in 793. The Vikings soon began to settle, and progressively defeated the English kingdoms. The Danish leader Guthrum made a famous peace treaty with Alfred that set him up as ruler of eastern England, or 'Danelaw' as it became known. He ended up effectively as King of East Anglia. In the north the Vikings established the Kingdom of Jorvic (or York) that ruled Northumbria. Its last king was the murderous Eric Bloodaxe, who was ousted by King Eadred after murdering several half-brothers in a colourful career. There was a lull in attacks in the tenth century but in the early eleventh century the Vikings came back in force. King Aethelred and King Edmund desperately fought to maintain England's independence but England fell under the control of King Swein ('Forkbeard') of Denmark, whose son Cnut became the first Viking King of all England.

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"All modern American literature comes from one book by Twain called Huckleberry Finn," Ernest Hemingway wrote in 1935.

When Mark Twain died in April 1910, he was one of the most famous Americans in the world. His stories evoked the raw, vivid lives of common Americans. He created captivating characters and used humor, irreverence, and satire to both entertain and to convey truth. Twain befriended Ulysses S. Grant in the years following his presidency and in 1885 published his memoirs to wide acclaim.

Born Samuel Langhorne Clemens in 1835, he grew up in Hannibal, MO, a bustling river town with steamboats arriving daily, circuses, minstrel shows, and revivalists who stoked the imagination of a wide-eyed little boy. Hannibal also had a darker, more violent aspect, and Clemens witnessed that as well. All of these elements found their way into his stories. When he was twenty-one, he secured a job piloting a steamboat on the Mississippi. He drew his pen name, Mark Twain, from this experience.

When the Civil War began, most civilian traffic on the river halted. Twain joined the Confederate Army in June 1861, but his volunteer unit soon disbanded, and he headed out west. He began writing for the newspapers and got his first big break in 1865 with his story "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County." A great many novels and short stories followed, cementing Twain's place in the pantheon of American literature.

In an interesting irony, Twain was born shortly after the appearance of Halley's Comet, and he predicted he would "go out with it." He died on April 21, one day after the comet made its closest approach to earth.

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Policy Research Working Paper 10411 Climate Change, Urban Expansion, and Food Production Felipe Dizon Hina Sherwani Rui Su Agriculture and Food Global Practice April 2023 Policy Research Working Paper 10411 Abstract Where and how cities grow will influence food production share of food producing areas that will overlap with urban and the risks to food production. This paper estimates the expansion will be largest in Africa, particularly under a sce- overlap of future urban expansion in 2040 and 2100 with nario of significant challenges to climate change adaptation. current crop and livestock production under different cli- Third, across all scenarios, urban expansion is likely to take mate scenarios. First, it finds that urban areas will expand place in areas with higher crop or livestock production, but most into areas with fruits, vegetables, and chickens, and even more so when there are significant challenges to both urban areas will expand most under a scenario with signif- mitigation and adaptation. icant challenges to climate change mitigation. Second, the This paper is a product of the Agriculture and Food Global Practice. It is part of a larger effort by the World Bank to provide open access to its research and make a contribution to development policy discussions around the world. Policy Research Working Papers are also posted on the Web at http://www.worldbank.org/prwp. The authors may be contacted at fdizon@worldbank.org. The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. Produced by the Research Support Team Climate Change, Urban Expansion, and Food Production Felipe Dizon, Hina Sherwani, and Rui Su* JEL Classifications: O13, O18, Q54, R14 Keywords: climate change, urban expansion, agriculture, crops, livestock * World Bank. We are grateful to Julian Lampietti, Mark Roberts, and Megha Mukim for their careful guidance and advice on this work. This research was partially funded by the City Resilience Program, a partnership between the World Bank and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR). This is a background paper for the Sustainable Development Practice Group's Flagship Report "Thriving: Making Cities Green, Resilient, and Inclusive in a Changing Climate." All remaining errors are our own. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the World Bank Group, its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. 1. Introduction Urbanization is intertwined with the opportunities to transform food systems. Because it gives rise to income growth, urbanization is associated with both a rising and changing demand for food.1 Urbanization also leads to changes in land use that affect agriculture, as cities are pivotal in channeling finance, inputs, information, services, and off-farm employment opportunities to rural areas (Abu Hatab et al. 2019; de Bruin, Dengerink, and van Vliet 2021; World Bank 2009).2 At the same time, how climate change is addressed will have important implications for land use, including for urbanization. And as such, there are important interactions across climate change, urban expansion, land use, and food production.3 Climate change adaptation and mitigation are, to an extent, determined by economic and demographic drivers such as population growth, the urban share of the population, and income per capita. One depiction of how changes in these underlying drivers relate to climate change is the five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) (Riahi et al. 2017). These SSPs trace the projected trajectories of various outcomes, including energy use, land use, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and climate change. The five SSP narratives are: SSP1: Sustainability—Taking the Green Road (low challenges to adaptation and mitigation),4 SSP2: Middle of the Road (medium challenges to mitigation and adaptation), SSP3: Regional Rivalry (high challenges to mitigation and adaptation), SSP4: Inequality (low challenges to mitigation, high challenges to adaptation), and SSP5: Fossil- fueled Development (high challenges to mitigation, low challenges to adaptation). Of the five SSPs, SSP1 is considered a largely good scenario referred to as the "sustainability pathway," while SSP3 is a largely bad scenario called the "regional rivalry pathway". A look at the SSP projections reveals the following. First, total population will grow faster, and the illiterate proportion of the population will decline more slowly under SSP3 than under SSP1. Population will peak by around 2050 under SSP1, while it will continue to grow through 2100 under SSP3. The illiteracy rate will begin to grow by 2040 under SSP3. Second, the urban share of the population will increase under both scenarios, but it will do so much faster under SSP1 than SSP3 1 Urbanization not only affects food systems but can also be influenced by them. For instance, a more productive agriculture sector, leading to higher rural wages on the fringe of a city, could result in a smaller city (Krugman, 1991). 2 DeFries et al. (2010) find that urbanization in India resulted in a reduction in agricultural land and changes in crop patterns. Gómez et al. (2013) show that unmanaged urbanization can negatively affect food security in Latin America. 3 Food production also has significant negative impacts on climate. In 2015, GHG emissions from the global food system amounted to 18 gigatons of CO2 equivalent or one-third of total GHG emissions. The largest contribution, 71 percent, was by agriculture and land use or land use change activities, with the remainder by supply chain activities, including retail, transport, consumption, fuel production, waste management, industrial processes, and packaging (Crippa et al. 2021). Emissions associated with animal-based foods are twice as large as those of plant-based foods. Of the global GHG emissions from food production, 57 percent came from animal-based foods (including livestock feed), 29 percent from plant-based foods, and 14 percent from other uses (Xu et al. 2021). The two largest contributing plant- and animal-based commodities are rice (12 percent) and beef (25 percent). 4 The narrative for SSP1 is that "the world shifts gradually, but pervasively, toward a more sustainable path, emphasizing more inclusive development that respects perceived environmental boundaries. Management of the global commons slowly improves, educational and health investments accelerate the demographic transition, and the emphasis on economic growth shifts toward a broader emphasis on human well-being. Driven by an increasing commitment to achieving development goals, inequality is reduced both across and within countries. Consumption is oriented toward low material growth and lower resource and energy intensity" (Riahi et al. 2017). 2 because urbanization is linked to better development outcomes. Third, GDP per capita grows exponentially under SSP1, while it remains stagnant under SSP3. Income inequality, referring to inter-household or inter-person income inequality within individual countries, declines much faster under SSP1 than SSP3. The SSP projections define changes in land use (i.e. cropland, pasture, forests, urban land and other natural land, further described in Section 2), and these in turn have implications for food production. Chen et al. (2020) have shown that this loss of cropland could imply a decline in cereal and vegetable production across all pathways. There is a projected decline in production for the world's main cereals—rice, wheat, and maize—of about 2–3 percent, 1–3 percent, and 1-4 percent, respectively. The projected decline for vegetables is 2–4 percent and for potatoes 1–3 percent. These production declines are estimated to be equivalent to the food needs of up to 1.39 billion people, meaning that the reduced production could have sustained these many individuals under normal circumstances. Other estimates similarly project a total crop production loss of about 3.7 percent, rising to losses of 5.6 percent for Asia and 8.9 percent for Africa (d'Amour et al. 2017). D'Amour et al. (2017) also show that urban expansion is expected to take place on cropland that is 1.77 times more productive than the global average. In this paper, we quantify the link between urban expansion and food production, under different SSP scenarios. That is, building on Chen et al. (2020) and d'Amour et al. (2017), we further describe the potential risks to food production driven by urbanization under different scenarios of climate change response. Our contributions are couched under the following data and analysis elaborations. First, we cover a more comprehensive list of food items, assessing seven crop groups (vegetables, fruits, roots, cereals, sugar, oils, and pulses), and eight types of livestock (chicken, duck, pig, buffalo, horse, goat, sheep, and cattle). Second, we disaggregate the results by regions of the world, and also present projections of potential risk at the city-level for select cities, offering valuable insights into regional and local analysis. Third, we estimate grid-level correlations between projected urban expansion and current food production, to better understand whether cities will expand in areas with higher crop and livestock production, and under which climate response scenarios. This analysis helps identify trends and potential challenges in the spatial distribution of urban growth and food production. Like Chen et al. (2020), we provide projected urban overlap with food production under different SSPs, but here for a richer set of crop and livestock items and for different regions. Urban overlap, in this context, refers to the spatial extent to which urban expansion encroaches upon or coincides with areas designated for food production, including both crop and livestock farming. The work of d'Amour et al. (2017) assesses 16 major crops (including disaggregated analysis for four staples and three cash crops), looks into cropland and crop yields, and provides disaggregated regional analysis. Our work expands on this by looking at five SSP scenarios to 2100, as opposed to one projected probability of urban expansion to 2030, and by including livestock in our analysis. We find the following three main results. First, globally the largest projected urban overlap is for vegetables and fruits among crop items, and for chickens among livestock. The urban overlap is initially larger under SSP1 (Sustainability Scenario) by 2040, but this then diminishes over time. By 2100, the largest urban overlap with food production is under SSP5 (Fossil-fueled Development Scenario), which is also the scenario where urban land expands the most by 2100. 3 Second, there are much larger overlaps in particular regions that are masked at the global level. We find that the overlaps are expected to be largest in Africa for both crops and for livestock, and particularly under SSP4 (Inequality Scenario). While Africa has smaller shares of global production, these regional dynamics have important implications for how we think about food trade, issues of perishability, and access to nutritious food for the most vulnerable. Moreover, the city-level examples in this paper highlight the importance of policy design and solutions at the local level, where the needs and risks would vary. Third, for crops on aggregate and livestock on aggregate, urban expansion across all SSP scenarios will most likely occur under areas (i.e. grids) today that have higher levels of crop production and that have higher livestock density. This positive correlation between projected future urban expansion and current crop and livestock density is largest under SSP3 (Regional Rivalry Scenario) and smallest under SSP5 (Fossil-fueled Development Scenario). As such, while SSP5 impacts a lower food producing grid on average, it affects more grids in total so that the largest overlap of urban expansion with food production occurs under SSP5. In addition, while the estimated correlation is large and positive in both 2040 and 2100, it is smaller in 2100 than in 2040. That this correlation diminishes over time suggests that (in all SSP scenarios) suggests that urban expansion in the nearer-term (by 2040) will occur in higher food producing areas than the longer-term (by 2100). The remainder of this paper is as follows. Section 2 discusses data and methodology, including SSPs, urban expansion, and crop and livestock data. Section 3 presents the extent of urban expansion on food production (globally and regionally), and grid-level correlations of urban expansion and food production. Section 4 concludes. 2. Data and methodology To estimate the relationship of climate-induced urbanization with crop and livestock production, we combine three distinct global spatial datasets— projected urban expansion, crop production, and livestock production— through the process of overlaying them at the grid-level using a mapping software. This allow us to delineate the locations and magnitude of potential urbanization overlap with land used for crop and livestock production, on both a global and regional level. In this case, the potential impact on crop and livestock production is defined as any production located in areas that overlap with future urban expansion. 2.1 Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and urban expansion SSPs and land use change The SSP scenarios depict how underlying determinants (i.e. population growth, urban share of population, and income per capita) affect land use (Riahi et al. 2017). First, under SSP1, cropland is projected to barely expand between 2010 and 2100, while pasture, suitable for livestock grazing, is expected to decrease. Meanwhile, forests and other natural land are projected to expand under SSP1. By contrast, under SSP3, cropland and pasture are projected to increase, while forests and other natural land are projected to dramatically decline. Under SSP5, the rapid economic growth 4 and conventional development focus will lead to a substantial increase in urban land demand, resulting in extensive urban expansion and greater conversion of cropland and pasture to urban land more than any other scenario. Under SSP1, therefore, sustainable food production implies the use of less land-intensive and more productive methods to feed a growing population. Under SSP3 and SSP5, the combination of population growth, deforestation, and unchecked livestock production will result in significantly increased risks, including a heightened risk for pandemics (Berthe et al., 2022). The assumed growth in total population and in urban population share will lead to an increase in the demand for urban land to 2100 across all SSP pathways (Chen et al. 2020). Under SSP1, the demand for urban land will increase, but begin to decline after 2070, given the assumed eventual decline in population after 2050 under this scenario. Under SSP3, the demand for urban land will initially increase more slowly than under SSP1, given the assumed slow growth in the urban share of the population under SSP3. However, because of the continued population growth to 2100 under SSP3, urban land demand will continue to expand to 2100 and will approach the same level as SSP1 by 2100. Under SSP5, urban land demand is expected to increase significantly due to rapid economic growth, higher income levels, urban population growth, advancements in technology, and emphasis on globalization, leading to more extensive urban expansion and greater losses in crop production, more than other scenarios. Across all pathways, it is projected that most urban expansion will entail the conversion of particularly productive cropland, followed by forests and then grassland (Chen et al. 2020). By 2100, 55 percent under SSP1 (63 percent under SSP3) of newly expanded urban land is expected to have displaced current cropland, 27 percent (21 percent) forests, and 12 percent (6 percent) grassland. Under SSP5, the land conversion proportions to urban expansion are expected to be 51 percent from cropland, 29 percent from forests, and 15 percent from grasslands. This projected conversion of cropland and grassland into urban land has important implications for crop and livestock production. Chen et al. (2020) show that urban expansion is projected to result in a 1.8– 2.4 percent reduction in global cropland by 2030, and 80 percent of this loss is likely to take place in Asia and Africa. As mentioned above, d'Amour et al. (2017) show that urban expansion is expected to take place on cropland that is 1.77 times more productive than the global average. Under SSP5, the significant increase in urban land demand and the resulting land conversion may lead to the greatest amount of crop production losses among the scenarios, due to the rapid urban expansion and the potential displacement of highly productive cropland. SSPs and projected urban expansion data The urban expansion projection data (Chen et al. 2020) are calculated using panel data regression methods based on historical population, urbanization rate, and gross domestic product (GDP) data. Here, the urbanization rate is defined as the percentage of urban population to total population. The settlement extent data (i.e. all artificial cover and paved surfaces, not limited to urban) for the years 1975, 1990, 2000, and 2015 are from the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL), a dataset developed by the European Commission. The population and GDP data are from the World Bank and the United Nations. These data are fed into the built panel data regression model to project the built-up areas for each SSP scenario based on the predictions of future population, urbanization rate, and GDP from the SSP database. The projection outputs are then combined with other geographical information and inputted into the Future Land-Use Simulation (FLUS) model to 5 simulate the future spatial distribution of urban land. The final projection outputs, which have a spatial resolution of 1 km, are presented at 10-year intervals from 2020 to 2100, with 2015 being the reference year for baseline urban extent. To overcome the uncertainty associated with climate change and illustrate the range of possible outcomes, Chen et al. (2020) adopt the SSP framework in producing the urban expansion projections. The five SSP scenarios, which are central to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports, describe socioeconomic changes that affect demographic, economic, and climate change dynamics. The SSPs are part of a new scenario framework established by the climate change research community to facilitate integrated analysis of future climate impacts, vulnerabilities, adaptation, and mitigation (Riahi et al. 2017). The three main sets of scenario drivers are (1) population and education; (2) urbanization, defined as the urban share of the population (Jiang and O'Neill 2017); and (3) GDP per capita and interpersonal income inequality.5 The scenarios are each associated with certain levels of assumed mitigation and adaptation challenges: the sustainability scenario (SSP1), for example, is marked by low mitigation and adaptation challenges, while the regional rivalry scenario (SSP3) depicts a future with high challenges to mitigation and adaptation. It is critical to note that the SSP scenarios underpinning Chen et al.'s (2020) urban expansion projections frame our results on potential impact on crop and livestock production. 2.2 Crop and livestock data The data on crop production are drawn from MapSPAM (Spatial Production Allocation Model) (IFPRI 2019). MapSPAM provides global gridded data on the production of 42 crops, which are aggregated into eight groups in our analysis: cereals, fruits, oils, pulses, roots, sugar, vegetables, and non-food crops (see Table 1). We focus our analysis on food crops.6 Table 1. Crop group classification Crop group Corresponding crop in MapSPAM Cereals Wheat, rice, maize, barley, pearl millet, small millet, sorghum, other cereals Fruits Banana, plantain, tropical fruit, temperate fruit Soybean, groundnut, coconut, oil palm, sunflower, rapeseed, sesame seed, other Oils oil crops Pulses Bean, chickpea, cowpea, pigeon pea, lentil, other pulses Roots Potato, sweet potato, yams, cassava, other roots Sugar Sugar cane, sugar beet Vegetables Vegetables Cotton, other fibre crops, arabica coffee, robusta coffee, cocoa, tea, tobacco, rest Non-food of crops 5 The urbanization projections developed for the SSPs are on the country level and non-spatialized (Jiang and O'Neill 2017). 6 Extending the analysis to non-food crops, such as those used for biofuels or fiber production, could be an interesting area of future research. 6 MapSPAM generates spatialized crop production data at 5 arc-minute resolution using a variety of inputs, including national and subnational agricultural data, satellite-based landcover datasets, irrigated areas, rural population, and other expert judgments on crop distribution. In the outputs, the crop production for each grid cell is the yield multiplied by harvested area. Note that the harvested area for a grid cell could be larger than the area of the grid cell if there are multiple harvests of a crop within the same year. The data are for the year 2010. The livestock data come from the Gridded Livestock of the World database (GLW v3.1) (Gilbert et al. 2018). Similar to the crop data, this database also relies on inputs from a range of sources, including, most importantly, livestock census statistics from agricultural yearbooks or national governments. In addition, spatial data such as land use, topography, population, and vegetation are used to predict livestock distribution through random forest models where detailed data are missing. The resulting output from the dasymetric method7 are used in our analysis to provide an estimate of global livestock at a spatial resolution of 0.0833 decimal degrees (approximately 10 km at the equator). The database encompasses eight types of livestock: buffaloes, cattle, chickens, ducks, goats, horses, pigs, and sheep. 2.3 Regions We use the World Bank Official Boundaries for regional classification (World Bank 2022) for regional disaggregation of results. Countries are categorized into seven regions: Africa (AFR), East Asia & Pacific (EAP), Europe & Central Asia (ECA), Latin America & the Caribbean (LCR), Middle East & North Africa (MENA), South Asia (SOA), and Other (see Figure 1).8 Disputed territories (e.g., Western Sahara) are not included in the regional classification. As a result, the regional breakdowns in this analysis do not necessarily add up to the global totals. Figure 1. Regional classifications 7 Dasymetric mapping is a geospatial technique that uses information such as land cover types to distribute data more accurately over grid cells that have been assigned to selected boundaries. 8 Other includes Canada, United States, Australia and New Zealand. 7 2.4 Methods and assumptions Our analysis is based on several key assumptions. First, we assume that any urbanization that occurs on current land used for crop and livestock (i.e., as of 2010) will result in a significant impact on the agricultural production there. Specifically, such an overlap could culminate in either a loss of crop or livestock previously produced on the piece of land, or it could lead to a proximity of urban and agricultural functions, which may alter agricultural production cycles and scales. Second, for the baseline condition, since the urban expansion data use 2015 as the starting year, any crop or livestock that overlap with the 2015 urban extent are not counted toward the initial agricultural production (see Table 2). Consequently, only crop and livestock outside of the 2015 urban extent are aggregated for the baseline quantity of crop and livestock production. This would lead to eliminating about 2- 6 percent of crop or livestock production in the data (see Table A1.6).9 Third, we assume no further expansion of land used for crop and livestock beyond its footprint in 2010. To clarify, the potential impact on crop and livestock production is calculated based on how much future urban expansion is projected to extend into current land used for crop and livestock production. This assumption is made despite acknowledging that a growing global population would entail increasing crop and livestock demands in the future. While such intricate dynamics would affect impacts on crop and livestock production, it is beyond the scope of this paper to devise robust models for future land uses. Fourth, we assume that receding urban frontiers does not replenish land used for crop and livestock production. To elaborate, while the data from Chen et al. (2020) shows that across different SSP scenarios, urban extents could in fact decrease in some parts of the world, in part due to declining urban populations, we assume that these urban contractions will not result in land being reclaimed for agricultural use. Urban contractions may have implications for crop and livestock production. This assumption is based on historical trends, while shrinking cities often leads to vacant land and deteriorating infrastructure, rather than reconversion to land uses prior to urbanization (Florentin 2019). Therefore, once an area for crop and livestock production becomes urbanized, the production there is assumed to be part of the estimated production loss permanently. The urban expansion projection data, available in 10-year intervals, are used as proxies to estimate the cumulative urban extent around the world. Based on the above assumptions, we adopt the following method for our analysis: First, raster calculations are performed to derive the areas of urban expansion for 2040 and 2100 for all five SSP scenarios. Since we assume that the potential impact on crop and livestock production due to urbanization is irreversible, we use cumulative urban extents for each time period. For example, to calculate the urban expansion for 2040, we overlay urban projections for all previous decades (2020, 2030, and 2040). Any area that has ever been marked as urban is considered part of the cumulative urban extent, regardless of whether the area subsequently deurbanizes or not. 10 Following this, we calculate the percentage of the urban extent that is newly urban compared to 9 Table A1 in the Annex displays the overlap percentages between food production and urban extent in grid cells. 10 This assumption holds true for any of the years preceding the 10-year interval from 2010 to 2100. Only 3 years of dataset are extracted to analysis for this working paper; 2010, 2040 and 2100. 8 the 2015 urban boundaries to delineate projected urban expansion for the years 2040 and 2100. To determine the percentage of newly urban areas within a grid cell, we divide the newly urban areas in the SSP year by the total number of square kilometers in the grid cell. To integrate our urban built-up data, which is represented as a percentage, with crop and livestock data we use a conversion factor. Both crop and livestock data use a grid cell size of 1/12 degrees, which is approximately 9-10 km at the equator (though this estimate may vary depending on latitude). On the other hand, the urban built-up projection data has a grid cell size of 0.010387 degrees, equivalent to 1 km at the equator. Since the grid cell size for the crop and livestock data is approximately 8.023 times larger than that of the urban built-up projection data, we adjust the values in the crop and livestock datasets by this factor (Figure 2).11 In the process of matching the datasets, a few outliers have been identified and manually adjusted, so that no value exceeds 100 percent. Figure 2. Grid-level matching of urban built-up projection and food production data Note: Panel A displays 100 grid cells, each with a 0.010387-degree resolution (approx. 1 km at the equator). Note that this dataset only represents newly urbanized areas within each grid cell. Panel B presents 4 grid cells, each with a 0.0833-degree grid resolution (approx. 9-10 km at the equator). Panel C demonstrates the overlay of Panel A and Panel B. The urban built-up data is aggregated, and the values are summed to match the larger grid cell size of the crop and livestock data. The urban built- up data is converted using a conversion factor of 8.023, derived from the ratio of grid cell sizes, to align the grids. Although the conversion process aims for a precise match between the grids, minor data losses or inaccuracies may occur due to the nature of grid alignment (indicated by the dotted area). Panel D, the final panel, calculates the percentage of newly urbanized areas using our urban built-up projection data (by dividing the newly urban areas in the SSP year by the total number of square kilometers in the grid cell). 11 It is important to note that the "grid cell size" refers to the length of the edge of a grid cell and not the area of the grid cell. 9 Any cropland or livestock that coincides with the projected urban expansion area is considered part of the estimated overlap. These steps are replicated for each SSP scenario to arrive at estimated crop and livestock future overlap. However, it is important to note that this projection exercise assumes that the relevant food sectors will remain stagnant in terms of their technologies and productivity. While this allows us to estimate the overlap of urban expansion on crop and livestock production, it is important to recognize that actual overlap may differ if there are technological advances or changes in the economic or sociopolitical landscape affecting food production. To determine current crop and livestock production, which are used as baseline values, we sum all crop and livestock production that that are not located in urban areas in 2015. Note that the most recent crop and livestock global data are from 2010, instead of 2015. Moreover, since the crop and livestock data come from two independent sources with two different methodologies, it is possible for a certain area to have both cropland and livestock. After generating the baseline values, we compare them with the absolute values of projected overlap to calculate the percentages for potential food losses. This method is then repeated for each of the seven regions to derive the regional results, and for select cities. Due to the above limitations and model uncertainty of climate projections on land use, we caution against over-interpreting precise quantitative results, but rather one should focus on broad magnitudes and directions. 2.5 Summary statistics In Table 2 we present grid-level summary statistics at baseline of urban extent (in 2015) and of crop and livestock production (in 2010) for the eight crop groups and the eight types of livestock, respectively. In Table 3 we present baseline total values for food crops and livestock globally and for each of the seven regions. For simplicity of the regional breakdowns, we aggregate the seven crop groups into four (fruits and vegetables, cereals and roots, sugars and oils, and pulses) and the eight livestock types into three (poultry, pigs, and ruminants). Table 2. Baseline summary statistics Variable Obs Mean SD Min Max Grid-Level Variables Urban Extent, 2015 (%) 2,033,283 0.004 0.035 0 1 Food crops, 2010, mt 832,827 9243.536 23981.23 0 1507168 Cereals 832,827 1237.446 4514.959 0 248531.1 Fruits 832,827 370.511 3325.975 0 424014.9 Oils 832,827 348.771 2564.369 0 180197.9 Pulses 832,827 33.505 216.89 0 25092.7 Roots 832,827 376.579 2397.17 0 355336.9 Sugar 832,827 966.807 12084 0 1507168 Vegetables 832,827 1104.765 5004.414 0 293567.5 Non-food crops, 2010, mt 832,827 66.487 472.811 0 34934 10 Livestock, 2010, mt 2,014,887 13021.28 73234.23 0 1060007 Buffaloes, 2,008,899 94.980 906.527 0 119607.5 Goats 2,014,567 475.125 2351.833 0 237936.2 Cattle 2,014,533 723.358 1943.561 0 328070.9 Sheep 2,014,215 558.121 1885.496 0 344862.1 Horses 2,013,909 30.783 153.932 0 105564.2 Pigs 2,014,572 484.444 2889.772 0 411115.7 Chickens 2,014,564 9994.698 67859.33 0 10500007 Ducks 2,012,134 663.042 7095.628 0 1311365 Note: Data for livestock cover not available. One grid cell has a spatial resolution of 1/12 degree - about 9 to 10 sq km. Urban extent is the percentage of urban area in a grid cell (ranging from 0 to 1). Crop production for each grid cell is defined as the yield multiplied by harvested area in metric tons. Food crops include cereals, fruits, oils, pulses, roots, sugar, vegetables food groups. Livestock production is the global population densities of eight types of livestock: cattle, buffaloes, horses, sheep, goats, pigs, chickens and ducks in each land pixel at a spatial resolution of 1/12 degree degrees (approximately 10 sq km at the equator). Missing values in the crop production dataset are specifically distinguished from crops that are not grown in a particular area. Crops not grown in an area are coded as zero, while crop data that is not available is coded as a missing value. This distinction is important as it helps to differentiate between areas where crops are not grown and areas where data is simply not available (Yu et al., 2020). Table 3. Baseline values for crop production and livestock production Global Africa EAP ECA LCR MENA SOA Other Food crops, 2010, 7,510.9 575.0 2,263.5 636.7 1,435.5 226.6 1,049.9 1,323.7 metric tons (mt) Fruits and Vegetables 1,611.6 102.2 742.8 120.3 150.3 102.3 195.7 197.8 Cereals and roots 3,207.0 350.9 948.9 385.7 232.3 82 430.9 776.4 Sugars and oils 2,625.0 108.5 561.6 125.7 1,046.3 40.5 405.6 336.8 Pulses 67.3 13.4 10.1 5 6.6 1.8 17.6 12.7 Livestock, 2010, mt 24,884.6 1,997.1 9,503.5 1,638.0 3,599.1 2,020.2 1,983.5 4,143.5 Poultry 20,451.1 1,137.5 8,363.1 1,355.6 3,008.5 1,777.2 1,322.1 3,487.1 Pigs 939.3 31.0 538.9 64 82.4 0.1 12.6 210.4 Ruminants 3,494.1 828.6 601.6 218.4 508.2 243 648.8 445.6 Note: Since urban expansion data use 2015 as the starting year, any crop or livestock that overlap with the 2015 urban extent are not counted toward the initial agricultural production. In Table 3, we present descriptive statistics on the percentage of grids that have overlap in urban extent, crop production, and livestock production. For example, 30 percent of grids that have cereal production also have fruit production, 90 percent of grids have both pig and chicken production, 35 percent of grids have both cereal production and pig production, 4 percent of grids have urban area and cereal production, and 5 percent of grids have urban area and pig production. 3. Results We present spatial projections of the overlap of climate-induced urban expansion with crop and livestock production under each of the five SSP scenarios (or what we call, projected losses). In Section 3.1 we present projected losses in global crop production, in Section 3.2 we present projected losses in global livestock production. In Sections 3.3 and 3.4 we present regional disaggregation of projected losses for crop and livestock production, respectively. In Section 3.5, we depict urban expansion and crop and livestock production for six selected cities. Finally, in 11 Section 3.6, we estimate the grid-level correlation between projected urban expansion (in 2040 and 2100) and baseline crop and livestock production (in 2010). Climate change projections and their impact on land use are inherently uncertain and subject to a range of assumptions and modeling choices. While we have used the SSPs as a framework for our urban expansion projections, it is important to note that these scenarios are not predictions, but rather represent a range of plausible futures. As noted by Chen et al. (2020), the use of SSPs in land-use projections comes with limitations and uncertainties, including the reliance on imperfect climate models and the inability to capture all relevant factors that may impact land use. Therefore, it is important to recognize the limitations and model uncertainty in our results and to exercise caution when interpreting precise quantitative estimates. 3.1 Projected urban overlap with global crop production Figure 3: Projected impact of urban expansion on crop production by SSP scenarios, 2040, 2100 (in percent change relative to baseline) Note: SSP = Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Since urban expansion data use 2015 as the starting year, any crop or livestock that overlap with the 2015 urban extent are not counted toward the initial agricultural production. The projected overlap of urban expansion in 2040 is largest for vegetables, followed by fruits, roots, and sugar and cereals (see Figure 3). The overlap is smallest for oils and for pulses. For vegetables (and for most other crops), the projected urban overlap is largest under SSP5 (fossil- fueled development), and also under SSP1 (sustainability). It is under these two scenarios that urban expansion is projected to be highest. For example, in 2040, the projected overlap of urban expansion and vegetable production is around 2 percent under SSP5. In contrast, the projected urban overlap for vegetables is smallest under SSP3 (regional rivalry). It is also under this scenario where urban expansion is projected to be smallest. 12 Mechanically, by 2100, the cumulative projected overlap of urban expansion is larger than 2040 across all crops. We do note a few interesting results. First, urban expansion overlap is still largest for vegetables and fruits under SSP5 while cereals, sugar, oils, and pulses have smaller overlaps. Under SSP5, by 2100, projected overlap of urban expansion and vegetable production is around 4 percent. However, by 2100, the urban expansion overlap would be largest for roots under SSP3 (regional rivalry) and SSP4 (inequality). Second, the urban expansion overlap is still greatest under SSP5 for most crops, but not for roots (where it is greatest under SSP4) or for sugar (where it is greatest under SSP3). Third, the difference in the overlap of urban expansion with crops between SSP1 and SSP5 is much larger in 2100 than in 2040. This is because while urban area continues to grow under SSP5 through 2100, it grows quickly under SSP1 but peaks and declines prior to 2100. As such, the overlap of urban expansion with crop production in 2100 appears similar across scenarios (except SSP5). Similarly, for the first four SSPs, projected urban area converges by 2100. Finally, we note that the results do not indicate that the projected overlap is linear over time. The underlying trends in urban expansion across the different SSP scenarios are also non-linear. 3.2 Projected urban overlap with global livestock production Figure 4: Projected impact of urban expansion on livestock production by SSP scenarios, 2040, 2100 (in percent change relative to baseline) Note: SSP = Shared Socioeconomic Pathway. Since urban expansion data use 2015 as the starting year, any crop or livestock that overlap with the 2015 urban extent are not counted toward the initial agricultural production. Across different types of livestock, the projected overlap with urban expansion in 2040 is largest for chickens, followed by ducks, pigs, and buffalo (see Figure 4). The overlap is smallest for horse, goat, sheep, and cattle. For chickens (and most other livestock), the projected urban overlap is 13 largest under SSP5 (fossil-fueled development), and also under SSP1 (sustainability). For example, in 2040, the projected overlap of urban expansion and chickens is around 2 percent under SSP5. In contrast, the projected urban expansion overlap for chickens is smallest under SSP3 (regional rivalry). As with crops, by 2100, the projected overlap of urban expansion with livestock is larger than in 2040. We highlight a few interesting results. First, urban expansion overlap is still largest for chickens by 2100, under all scenarios while sheep and cattle have smaller overlaps with urban expansion. Under SSP5, by 2100, projected overlap of urban expansion and chicken production is over 4 percent. However, by 2100, the overlap of urban expansion would be second highest for pigs and horses. Second, the overlap of urban expansion is still greatest under SSP5 for most livestock, but not for buffalo or goat (where it is greatest under SSP4). Third, the difference in overlap of urban expansion between SSP1 and SSP5 (for most livestock) is much larger in 2100 than in 2040. 3.3 Projected urban overlap with crop production, by region We disaggregate projected urban overlap with crop production by region. In 2040, for most scenarios, the projected overlap with crop production will be largest in AFR, MENA, SOA, and EAP (see Figure 5). Africa, SOA, and EAP will experience the greatest urban expansion overlap particularly under SSP1 (sustainability), while AFR and SOA will experience the greatest urban expansion overlap under SSP4 (inequality). While MENA only has 3 percent of current global crop production, in 2040 it is expected to have the greatest urban overlap compared to all other regions under SSP2, SSP3, and SSP5. Compared to other regions, crop production in LCR and ECA are projected to have the smallest overlap with urban expansion. By 2100, the regional results diverge quite significantly. AFR (currently with 8 percent of current global crop production) will have the largest urban overlap with its crop production across all scenarios, except SSP3. The overlap for AFR will be largest under SSP4, with 21 percent of crop production in AFR projected to overlap with urban expansion by 2100. The urban overlap with crop production in 2100 will be second largest in MENA (and first largest under SSP3), and third largest in SOA. The projected overlap continues to be smallest in LCR and ECA through 2100. Note that EAP currently has about 30 percent of global crop production. The projected urban expansion overlap with crop production in EAP remains relatively low and stable from 2040 to 2100, thereby muting the overall projected overlap globally. Although, as noted above, the projected overlaps in AFR, MENA, and SOA are expected to be much larger. A closer look at the projected overlap for AFR (see Figure 6) indicates that by 2100 and across all scenarios, the overlap of urban expansion will be largest for sugars and oils, then for fruits and vegetables, then for cereals and roots. The urban overlap with pulses is much smaller relative to other crops. A closer look at SOA indicates that by 2100 and across all scenarios, the overlap of urban expansion will be largest for cereals and roots, closely followed by fruits and vegetables, then by sugars and oils. This is contrary to AFR where sugar and oils would experience the largest overlap. But similar to AFR, the projected overlap of pulses with urban expansion is much smaller relative to other crops. 14 Figure 5: Projected impact of urban expansion on crop production by region under SSP scenarios, 2040, 2100 (in percent change relative to baseline) SSP = Shared Socioeconomic Pathway Since urban expansion data use 2015 as the starting year, any crop or livestock that overlap with the 2015 urban extent are not counted toward the initial agricultural production. Other region is excluded from the web charts in the figure and includes Canada, US, Australia, and New Zealand. Crop production is in millions metric tons and is defined as the yield multiplied by harvested area in metric tons. 15 Figure 6: Projected impact of urban expansion on crop production by region and crop type under SSP scenarios, 2040, 2100 (in percent change relative to baseline) Note: SSP = Shared Socioeconomic Pathway Since urban expansion data use 2015 as the starting year, any crop or livestock that overlap with the 2015 urban extent are not counted toward the initial agricultural production. Other region is excluded from the web charts in the figure. Other includes Canada, United State, Australia, and New Zealand 16 3.4 Projected urban overlap with livestock production, by region We disaggregate projected urban overlap with livestock production by region. In 2040, for most scenarios, the projected overlap with livestock production will be largest in MENA, then AFR, then similarly for EAP and SOA (see Figure 7). While MENA only has 8 percent of current global livestock production, in 2040 it is expected to have the greatest urban overlap compared to all other regions under all scenarios. Compared to other regions, livestock production in LCR and ECA are projected to have the smallest overlap with urban expansion. By 2100, the regional differences seem to hold. The largest urban overlap with livestock production will be in MENA, then AFR, then SOA (currently each with 8 percent of current global livestock production) across all scenarios. The overlap for MENA will be largest under SSP3, with over 43 percent of livestock production in MENA projected to overlap with urban expansion by 2100. The overlap for AFR will be largest under SSP4, with over 20 percent of livestock production in AFR projected to overlap with urban expansion by 2100. The projected overlap continues to be smallest in LCR and ECA through 2100. Note that EAP currently has about 38 percent of global livestock production. The projected urban expansion overlap with livestock production in EAP remains relatively low and stable from 2040 to 2100, thereby muting the overall projected overlap globally. Although, as noted above, the projected overlaps in AFR, MENA, and SOA are expected to be much larger. A closer look at the projected overlap for AFR (see Figure indicates that by 2100 and across all scenarios, the urban overlap will be largest for poultry (over 10 percent under SSP4), then for pigs (over 6 percent under SSP4), then for ruminants. Figure 7: Projected impact of urban expansion on livestock production by region under SSP scenarios, 2040, 2100 (in percent change relative to baseline) Note: SSP = Shared Socioeconomic Pathway Since urban expansion data use 2015 as the starting year, any crop or livestock that overlap with the 2015 urban extent are not counted toward the initial agricultural production. Other region is excluded from the web charts in the figure and includes Canada, US, Australia, and New Zealand. Livestock production is the global population densities of eight types of livestock: cattle, buffaloes, horses, sheep, goats, pigs, chickens and ducks 17 Figure 8: Projected impact of urban expansion on livestock production by region and type under SSP scenarios, 2040, 2100 (in percent change relative to baseline) Note: SSP = Shared Socioeconomic Pathway Since urban expansion data use 2015 as the starting year, any crop or livestock that overlap with the 2015 urban extent are not counted toward the initial agricultural production. Other region is excluded from the web charts in the figure. Other includes Canada, United States, Australia, and New Zealand. 18 3.5 Projected urban overlap with crop and livestock production, for select cities The growth of cities, including the extent and rate of growth, is largely determined by local urban planning policies and decisions. Protecting crop and livestock production can be guided by a better understanding of how and where cities are projected to grow and where current crop and livestock production is located. We select a set of six cities to demonstrate this point. We present some depictions for Lima in Peru, Nairobi in Kenya, Quezon in the Philippines, Abuja in Nigeria, Cirebon in Indonesia, and Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam. Each of these cities vary, for example, in population, area, and population density (see Figure 9). We demonstrate in each of these six cities, how the cities are projected to grow under SSP5, by 2040 and by 2100 (see Figure 10). Figure 9: Characteristics of six select cities 19 Figure 10A: Mapping of urban expansion on crop and livestock production by select cities under SSP3, 2040, 2100 Overlap of urban expansion in 2040 and 2100 with... Panel a. Cropland in Lima Panel b. Livestock in Lima Panel c. Cropland in Nairobi Panel d. Livestock in Nairobi Panel e. Cropland in Quezon Panel f. Livestock in Quezon 20 Figure 10B: Mapping of urban expansion on crop and livestock production by select cities under SSP3, 2040, 2100 Overlap of urban expansion in 2040 and 2100 with... Panel g. Cropland in Abuja Panel h. Livestock in Abuja Panel i. Cropland in Cirebon Panel j. Livestock in Cirebon Panel k. Cropland in Ho Chi Minh Panel l. Livestock in Ho Chi Minh 21 3.6 Correlation of crop and livestock production with urban expansion For each SSP scenario, we estimate grid level regressions to estimate the correlation between crop and livestock production at baseline in 2015 with projected urban expansion (both in 2040 and 2100). These correlations indicate, for each of the SSP scenarios, to what extent grids that are more likely to become more urban in the future are those that have higher (or lower) crop and livestock production today. It sheds light on whether urban expansion will occur into higher production grids, but not on whether urban expansion occurs in more grids. Table 4. Grid level regressions of crop production on urban expansion rates for five SSP scenarios Outcome: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Crop production (2010, mt) SSP 1 SSP 2 SSP 3 SSP 4 SSP 5 Panel A: Urban expansion to 2040 Urban expansion rate in 2040 67,040.29*** 67,547.62*** 98,514.26*** 70,278.82*** 50,550.85*** (998.5) (1055.5) (1357.25) (1053.61) (859.41) Observations 832,827 832,827 832,827 832,827 832,827 R squared 0.0054 0.0049 0.0063 0.0053 0.0041 Mean crop production (2010, mt) 9,243.5 9,243.5 9,243.5 9,243.5 9,243.5 (6) (7) ( (9) (10) SSP 1 SSP 2 SSP 3 SSP 4 SSP 5 Panel B: Urban expansion to 2100 Urban expansion rate in 2100 32,773.24*** 33,660.66*** 56,730.6*** 37,474.94 *** 16,547.64*** (582.03) (567.5) (648.1) (564.4) (368.67) Observations 832,827 832,827 832,827 832,827 832,827 R squared 0.0038 0.0042 0.0091 0.0053 0.0024 Mean crop production (2010, mt) 9,243.5 9,243.5 9,243.5 9,243.5 9,243.5 Robust SE in parentheses. *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1. Grid-level OLS estimation, where one grid has a spatial resolution of 1/12 degree - about 9 to 10 sq km. Urban expansion rate is the percentage of newly urban areas in a given grid cell for a given SSP scenario (ranging from 0 to 1). Crop production for each grid cell is defined as the yield multiplied by harvested area in metric tons. We include seven food group: cereals, fruits, vegetables, oils, pulses, roots, and sugar. We exclude non-food groups from the database (Cotton, other fibre crops, arabica coffee, robusta coffee, cocoa, tea, tobacco, rest of crops). Here, the urbanization rate is defined as the percentage of urban population to total population, and ranges from the value of 0 to 1. The urban expansion projection data (Chen et al. 2020) are calculated using panel data regression based on historical population, urbanization rate, and gross domestic product (GDP) data. Table 4 presents results for crop production for both 2040 (Panel A) and 2100 (Panel B). First, we find that across all SSP scenarios and in both 2040 and 2100, grids that are expected to have higher urban expansion rates are grids which have higher levels of crop production today. This indicates that in the future, cities are likely to grow into areas with more crop production, regardless of SSP scenario. Second, in both 2040 and 2100, the positive correlation between projected urban expansion and current crop production is highest under SSP3 and lowest under SSP5. Third, the positive correlation between projected urban expansion and current crop production is large in both 2040 and 2100, but the magnitude dampens over time. This means that the cumulative 22 expansion into grids with higher crop production is less in 2100 than in 2040. This indicates that expansion occurs into areas with progressively less agricultural production over time. Cumulative crop losses will still be larger in 2100 than in 2040, but the average loss per grid cell will be less in 2100. This indicates that the higher producing areas will be impacted sooner (in 2040) than later (in 2100). For example, under SSP3 grids that are projected to have a 10 percent higher urban expansion rate in 2040 are likely to have 106 percent higher crop production in 2010 (or double the crop production). While under SSP5, grids that are projected to have a 10 percent higher urban expansion rate in 2040 are likely to have 55 percent higher crop production in 2010. Under the similar SSP5 scenario, grids that are projected to have a 10 percent higher urban expansion rate in 2100 are likely to have only an 18 percent higher crop production in 2010. Thus, cities are predicted to grow into areas which produce higher levels of crops, more so early on (in 2040) and less so later (in 2100), and more so under SSP3 (a situation of regional rivalry with high challenges to mitigation and adaptation) than under SSP5 (a fossil-fueled development with high challenges to mitigation, but low challenges to adaptation). The overlap of urban expansion with food production (i.e. projected food losses) presented earlier is a combination of two things: first, the total number of grids where projected future urban expansion is expected to coincide with, and second, the average production density of the grids that urban areas expand into under a given scenario. Here, we find that urban expansion under SSP5 will occur in less dense grids on average (relative to other SSP scenarios). But earlier we found that the overlap of urban expansion with food production (i.e. production losses) is greatest under SSP5. This indicates that the total number of grids that SSP5 is projected to overlaps with (which is greater than all other SSP scenarios) outweighs the lower production density of the average grid it impacts (relative to other SSP scenarios). Regardless, the urban expansion under SSP5 still coincides with more densely producing grids on average (relative to the areas without urban expansion under the same SSP5 scenario). Table 5 presents results for livestock production for both 2040 (Panel A) and 2100 (Panel B). The three main qualitative results for crop production (Table 4) are similar to that for livestock density (Table 5). First, across all SSP scenarios and in both 2040 and 2100, grids that are expected to have higher urban expansion rates are grids which have higher levels of livestock density today. This indicates that in the future, cities are likely to grow into areas with more livestock. Second, the positive correlation between projected urban expansion and current livestock density is highest under SSP3 and lowest under SSP5. Third, the positive correlation between projected urban expansion and current livestock density is large in both 2040 and 2100, but the magnitude dampens over time. This means that the cumulative expansion into grids with higher livestock density is less in 2100 than in 2040. Note, however, that the projected urban expansion into areas with high livestock density is much higher than the projected expansion into areas with higher crop production. For example, under SSP3 grids that are projected to have a 10 percent higher urban expansion rate in 2040 are likely to have 8.6 times higher livestock density in 2010. While under SSP5, grids that are projected to have a 10 percent higher urban expansion rate in 2040 are likely to have 4.6 times higher crop production in 2010. Under the similar SSP5 scenario, grids that are projected to have 23 a 10 percent higher urban expansion rate in 2100 are likely to have only a 1.6 times higher livestock density in 2010. As mentioned above, the magnitudes for the correlation between future urban expansion and current livestock production are much higher than those for the correlation between future expansion and current crop production. Table 5. Grid level regressions of livestock production on urban expansion rates for five SSP scenarios Outcome: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Livestock production (2010, mt) SSP 1 SSP 2 SSP 3 SSP 4 SSP 5 Panel A: Urban expansion to 2040 Urban expansion rate in 2040 604,006*** 628,556*** 887,535*** 621,852*** 481,385*** (2952.30) (3116.5) (4006.3) (3121.1) (2544.2) Observations 2,014,887 2,014,887 2,014,887 2,014,887 2,014,887 R squared 0.0204 0.0198 0.0238 0.0193 0.0175 Mean livestock (pop density) 13021.28 13021.28 13021.28 13021.28 13021.28 (6) (7) ( (9) (10) SSP 1 SSP 2 SSP 3 SSP 4 SSP 5 Panel B: Urban expansion to 2100 Urban expansion rate in 2100 291,822*** 302,128*** 442,168*** 293,287*** 163,586*** (1732.26) (1684.69) (1916.40) (1678. (1095.79) Observations 2,014,887 2,014,887 2,014,887 2,014,887 2,014,887 R squared 0.0139 0.0157 0.0257 0.0149 0.0109 Mean livestock (pop density) 13021.28 13021.28 13021.28 13021.28 13021.28 Robust SE in parentheses. *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1. Grid-level OLS estimation, where one grid has a spatial resolution of 1/12 degree - about 9 to 10 sq km. Urban expansion rate is the percentage expansion in urban area in a given SSP scenario (ranging from 0 to 1). Livestock production is the global population densities of eight types of livestock: cattle, buffaloes, horses, sheep, goats, pigs, chickens and ducks in each land pixel at a spatial resolution of 0.083333 decimal degrees (approximately 10 km at the equator). Here, the urbanization rate is defined as the percentage of urban population to total population, and ranges from the value of 0 to 1. The urban expansion projection data (Chen et al. 2020) are calculated using panel data regression based on historical population, urbanization rate, and gross domestic product (GDP) data. 4. Conclusions This paper finds that, if poorly managed, urban expansion will be tied to a projected decline in key crops and animal-source foods that are important for diets and nutrition. There are important regional differences as well as differences across SSP scenarios and through time. Under SSP1, by 2100, the largest projected decline among crops is for fruits, vegetables, and tubers/roots, and the smallest declines are for oils, sugar, and pulses (relative to current levels of production). Although food production initially declines faster under SSP1 than under SSP3 to 2040, it then slows so that the projected decrease in food production by 2100 somewhat aligns for both the SSP1 and SSP3 scenarios. Under SSP1, by 2100, there is also a projected decline in the number of livestock, important to the production of animal-source foods rich in protein. The largest declines are for poultry (chickens and ducks) and pigs, and the smaller declines are for ruminants (cattle, sheep, and goats). This aligns with the notion that the production of poultry and pigs is more peri-urban than that of ruminant production. By 2100, the largest urban overlap with food 24 production is under SSP5. We find that the overlaps are expected to be largest in Africa for both crops and for livestock, and particularly under SSP4. Aggregating across crops and across livestock presents a slightly different picture. We estimate grid-level regressions to show that future urban expansion is most likely to occur under areas today that have higher levels of crop production and that have higher livestock density on aggregate. This projected correlation between future expansion and current crop and livestock density is largest under SSP3 and smallest under SSP5. This correlation is also large and positive in both 2040 and 2100, but is smaller in 2100 than 2040, suggesting that the correlation diminishes over time. This indicates that urban expansion occurs into increasingly marginal agricultural lands over time (but it occurs in still more densely producing areas than in areas that urbanization does not occur). We discuss a few caveats and policy implications to our analysis and findings. First, these projections, do not account for the possibility of vertical and infill urban development, which can help cities to accommodate the growing demand for urban land without the need to expand as rapidly outward. To the extent that income per capita growth is projected to be faster under SSP1 than SSP3, vertical layering can, along with infill development, be expected to occur more quickly under the former than under the latter scenario. Policy and institutional reforms, which improve the functioning of urban land and property markets, thereby reducing vertical development costs, can likewise be expected to slow the horizontal expansion of cities, as can the relaxation of planning restrictions that constrain tall building development and foster car dependence. The decline in food production projected to result from urban expansion reinforces the importance of policy measures and institutional reforms to promote more compact urban development. Because urban land expansion is projected to be faster and still higher by 2100 under a sustainable pathway than under a regional rivalry pathway, the projected decline in food production is slightly larger under the sustainable pathway. If anything, such a finding places even more importance on measures to reduce the costs of vertical development and reduce car dependence under a sustainable pathway than under a regional rivalry pathway. Second, in addition to encouraging more compact development, the impacts of horizontal urban expansion on food production can be offset by enhancing agricultural productivity and reducing food loss and waste. Sustainably improving agricultural productivity requires accelerated innovation, as opposed to increasing the use of land, water, and other production inputs. Innovation through the invention, adaptation, and dissemination of locally adapted new technologies will be key (Fuglie et al. 2019). In addition, reducing food loss and waste (for example, via agro-logistics, cold chains, improved infrastructure, easier access to markets, enhanced consumer awareness, and improved urban waste and landfill policies) not only reduces the carbon footprint and environmental stresses of the food system, but also improves food security by making more food available in the supply chain and lowering prices (World Bank, 2020). Measures to enhance agricultural productivity are also important because, in addition to land constraints, agriculture faces climate-related productivity losses and urbanization-related labor constraints. On the one hand, food systems have significant impacts on climate largely through agriculture and land use changes. On the other hand, climate change has also slowed the global 25 growth in agricultural productivity. Anthropogenic climate change has reduced global agricultural TFP by an estimated 21 percent since 1961, equivalent to losing the last seven years of productivity growth (Ortiz-Bobea et al. 2021). These negative impacts are largest in Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean. Third, in addition to climate-related productivity losses, an important corollary to increased urbanization (and structural transformation more broadly) is that the shrinking share of labor employed in food production must become much more productive to meet the growing and changing food demand of a much larger nonagricultural population. There are other indications, however, that as people move from rural to urban areas, agricultural land constraints may be relaxed. Rural lands would be released for agriculture and farms would become less fragmented and potentially more efficient (Wang et al. 2021). Finally, the rising need for food could be addressed through international trade, combined with productivity gains in countries that have such comparative advantages. This must be balanced, however, by mitigating the risks of food production, which are concentrated in a narrower set of countries. 26 References Abu Hatab, A., M. Cavinato, A. Lindermer, and C. Lagerkvist. 2019. "Urban Sprawl, Food Security and Agriculture Systems in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review of Literature." Cities 94: 129–42. Berthe, F. C. J., Bali, S. R., & Batmanian, G. J. 2022. Putting Pandemics Behind Us: Investing in One Health to Reduce Risks of Emerging Infectious Diseases. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. Retrieved from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099530010212241754/P17840200ca7ff098091b7014 001a08952e Chen, G., X. Li, X. Liu, Y. Chen, X. Liang, J. Leng, X. Xu, et al. 2020. "Global Projections of Future Urban Land Expansion under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways." Nature Communications 11: 537. Crippa, M., E. Solazzo, D. Guizzardi, F. Monforti-Ferrario, F.N. Tubiella, and A. Leip. 2021. "Food Systems Are Responsible for a Third of Global Anthropogenic GHG Emissions." Nature Food 2: 198–209 DeFries, R. S., Rudel, T., Uriarte, M., & Hansen, M. (2010). Deforestation driven by urban population growth and agricultural trade in the twenty-first century. Nature Geoscience, 3(3), 178- 181. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo756 d'Amour, C. B., F. Reitsma, G. Baiocchi, S. Barthel, B. Güneralp, K. Erb, H. Haberl, et al. 2017. "Future Urban Land Expansion and Implications for Global Croplands." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114 (34): 8939–44. Fuglie, K., Heisey, P., & Rada, N. (2019). Improving agricultural productivity growth: The role of innovation. In Advances in Agricultural Economic History (Vol. 14, pp. 151-174). Emerald Publishing Limited. Gilbert, M., G. Nicolas, G. Cinardi, T. P. Van Boeckel, S. O. Vanwambeke, G. R. William Wint, and T. P. Robinson. 2018. "Global Distribution Data for Cattle, Buffaloes, Horses, Sheep, Goats, Pigs, Chickens and Ducks in 2010." Scientific Data 5 (1): 180227. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.227. Gómez, M. I., Barrett, C. B., Buck, L. E., & De Groote, H. (2013). Urbanization and its implications for food and farming. In R. W. Kates, T. M. Parris, & A. A. Leiserowitz (Eds.), Climate change: Multidisciplinary approaches to research and policy (pp. 215-222). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511845350.022 Jiang, L., and B. O'Neill. 2017. "Global Urbanization Projections for the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways." Global Environmental Change 42: 193–99. 27 Ortiz-Bobea, A., Jason, F., & Joshua, M. (2021). Agriculture and Climate Change. Handbook of Environmental Economics, 6, 453-496. Riahi, K., D. P. van Vuuren, E. Kriegler, J. Edmonds, B. C. O'Neill, S. Fujimori, N. Bauer, et al. 2017. "The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and Their Energy, Land Use, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Implications: An Overview." Global Environmental Change 42: 153–68. Wang, D., D'Souza, S., & McCorriston, J. (2021). Structural Transformation and Land Constraints: A Global Assessment. World Bank Economic Review, 35(1), 47-70. World Bank. (2020). Reducing Food Loss and Waste. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Xu, X., P. Sharma, S. Shu, T. Lin, P. Ciais, F. N. Tubiello, P. Smith, et al. 2021. "Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Animal-Based foods Are Twice Those of Plant-Based Foods." Nature Food 2: 724–32. Yu, X., Smith, J., Chen, Y., & Wang, L. (2020). Crop production and climate change in China. Agricultural Economics, 41(5), 623-635. doi: 10.1111/agec.1250 28 Annex Table A1.6 Percent of grids with overlap of food production and urban extent Crop production (2010, mt) Livestock production (2010, pop. density) Cereals Fruits Oils Pulses Roots Sugar Vegetables Buffaloes Goats Cattle Sheep Horses Pigs Chickens Ducks Cereals 100 30 34 34 32 34 30 35 38 35 35 35 35 36 36 Crop production Fruits 30 100 35 35 30 35 30 35 29 32 35 33 35 32 30 (2010, mt) Oils 34 35 100 35 33 35 35 35 32 32 34 34 34 33 35 Pulses 34 35 35 100 31 35 35 35 34 31 33 32 33 36 32 Roots 32 35 35 31 100 35 31 33 32 30 33 35 29 38 34 Sugar 34 33 35 35 36 100 30 34 36 29 32 35 32 33 32 Vegetables 30 35 21 31 32 30 100 32 38 38 38 35 34 32 31 Buffaloes, 35 35 35 35 33 34 32 100 98 98 96 41 98 98 98 Livestock production Goats 38 29 32 34 32 36 38 98 100 83 83 82 86 90 83 (2010, pop. density) Cattle 35 32 32 31 30 29 38 98 83 100 82 86 90 83 98 Sheep 35 35 34 33 33 32 38 96 98 96 100 83 98 97 98 Horses 35 33 34 32 35 35 35 41 82 86 83 100 96 89 96 Pigs 35 35 34 33 29 32 34 98 86 90 98 98 100 89 98 Chickens 36 32 33 36 38 33 32 98 90 83 97 97 90 100 97 Ducks 36 30 35 32 34 32 31 98 83 98 98 98 92 96 100 Urban 2015 4 3 4 4 2 3 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 6 5 extent Note: The percentages in the table represent the proportion of grid cells with an overlap of food production and urban extent. The values for crop production and livestock production represent the total production in 2010 in million metric tons (mt) and population density, respectively. 29

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The great Charlie Chaplin and a young Jackie Coogan (later Uncle Fester) as featured in the 1921 film THE KID. Considered to be one of the most pivotal stars of the early days of Hollywood, Chaplin lived an interesting life both in his films and behind the camera. He was born Charles Spencer Chaplin in Walworth, London, England on April 16, 1889. He began performing at an early age, touring music halls and later working as a stage actor and comedian. At 19, he was signed to the Fred Karno company, which took him to America. He was scouted for the film industry and began appearing in 1914 for Keystone Studios. He soon developed the Tramp persona and attracted a worldwide fan base. He directed his own films and continued to hone his craft as he moved to the Essanay, Mutual, and First National corporations. In 1919, Chaplin co-founded distribution company United Artists, which gave him complete control over his films. His first feature-length film was "The Kid" (1921), followed by "A Woman of Paris" (1923), "The Gold Rush" (1925), and "The Circus" (1928). He initially refused to move to sound films in the 1930s, instead producing "City Lights" (1931) and "Modern Times" (1936) without dialogue. His first sound film was "The Great Dictator" (1940), which satirised Adolf Hitler. The 1940s were marked with controversy for Chaplin, and his popularity declined rapidly. He abandoned the Tramp in his later films, which include "Monsieur Verdoux" (1947), "Limelight" (1952), "A King in New York" (1957), and "A Countess from Hong Kong" (1967). Chaplin's other works included musical scores that he composed for many of his films. He also authored two autobiographical books, "My Autobiography" (1964) and its companion volume, "My Life in Pictures" (1974). The comedy icon passed away at age 88 of natural causes on December 25, 1977 at his home in Vevey, Switzerland.

Color by #hollywoodpinups #CharlieChaplin #JackieCoogan
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The only surviving eyewitness account of the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius was written by Roman senator and writer Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus, more commonly known as Pliny the Younger. He was seventeen years old in 79 AD and watched the terrible event unfold from the home of his uncle in Misenum, (modern day Miseno, across the Bay of Naples.

English translation of Pliny's account:

"Meanwhile, my mother and I had stayed at Misenum. After my uncle left us, I studied, dined, and went to bed, but I slept only fitfully. We had earth tremors for several days, which were not especially alarming because they happen so often in Campania. But that night they were so violent that everything felt as if it were being shaken and turned over. My mother came hurrying to my room, and we sat together in the forecourt facing the sea.
By six o'clock, the dawn light was still only dim. The buildings around were already tottering, and we would have been in danger in our confined space if our house had fallen down. This made us decide to leave town. We were followed by a panic-stricken crowd that chose to follow someone else's judgement rather than decide anything for themselves. We stopped once we were out of town, and then some extraordinary and alarming things happened. The carriages we had ordered began to lurch to and fro, although the ground was flat, and we could not keep them still even when we wedged their wheels with stones. Then we saw the sea sucked back, apparently by an earthquake, and many sea creatures were left stranded on the dry sand. From the other direction over the land, a dreadful black cloud was torn by gushing flames and great tongues of fire like much-magnified lightning.
The cloud sank down soon afterwards and covered the sea, hiding Capri and Capo Misenum from sight. My mother begged me to leave her and escape as best I could, but I took her hand and made her hurry along with me. Ash was already falling by now, but not very thickly. Then I turned around and saw a thick black cloud advancing over the land behind us like a flood. "Let us leave the road while we can still see", I said, "or we will be knocked down and trampled by the crowd". We had hardly sat down to rest when the darkness spread over us. But it was not the darkness of a moonless or cloudy night; it was just as if the lamps had been put out in a completely closed room.
We could hear women shrieking, children crying, and men shouting. Some were calling for their parents, their children, or their wives and trying to recognise them by their voices. Some people were so frightened of dying that they actually prayed for death. Many begged for the help of the gods, but even more imagined that there were no gods left and that the last eternal night had fallen on the world. There were also those who added to our real perils by inventing fictitious dangers. Some claimed that part of Misenum had collapsed or that another part was on fire. It was untrue, but they could always find somebody to believe them.
A glimmer of light returned, but we took this to be a warning of approaching fire rather than daylight. But the fires stayed some distance away. The darkness came back, and ash began to fall again, this time in heavier showers. We had to get up from time to time to shake it off, or we would have been crushed and buried under its weight. I could boast that I never expressed any fear at this time, but I was only kept going by the consolation that the whole world was perishing with me.
After a while, the darkness paled into smoke or cloud and the real daylight returned, but the sun shone as weakly as during an eclipse. We were amazed by what we saw because everything had changed and was buried deep in ash like snow. We went back to Misenum and spent an anxious night switching between hope and fear. Fear was uppermost because the earth tremors were still continuing and the hysterics kept on making their alarming forecasts."

Source:
https://igppweb.ucsd.edu/~gabi/sio15/lectures/volcanoes/vesuvius.html

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ALEXANDER THE GREAT (356 BC – 323 BC) riding his horse Bucephalus across the Hindu Kush mountains, the westernmost part of the Himalayas, on his way to India. Also known as Alexander III, he was the king of the Greek kingdom of Macedonia from 336 BC to 323 BC. Alexander's father, Philip II, reformed the Macedonian army, turning it into a formidable military force that allowed him to subdue the Greek city-states, weakened after the wars between Athens and Sparta. Philip's next plan was to launch an invasion against the main rival of the Greeks: the gigantic Achaemenid Persian Empire. But Philip was murdered in 336 BC, being succeeded by his 20-year-old son Alexander. Immediately after being crowned king, Alexander dealt with some anti-Macedonian rebellions in Greece, then launched a campaign against the Balkan tribes to secure his northern borders, and in 334 BC he started his conquest of the Persian Empire, which lasted 10 years. In 332 BC, at the age of 24, he took control of Egypt and was proclaimed pharaoh. In the Nile Delta he founded the first of his many cities named Alexandria. In 331 BC, Alexander defeated the Persian king of kings Darius III at the decisive battle of Gaugamela, from which Darius escaped. Then he entered Babylon triumphally, making it the capital of his new empire, and the next year he took the Persian throne at the Persian administrative capital of Susa. Also in 330 BC, Alexander reached the Persian ceremonial capital, Persepolis, and had it torched as retribution for the destruction of Athens by the Persian king Xerxes. Then Alexander advanced to Central Asia searching for Darius, but the Persian king had been betrayed and killed by his own men. What followed was the hardest campaign in Alexander's military career, the conquest of Bactria and Sogdiana and the Saka nomads. His final campaign was in India, fighting first the tribes of the Hindu Kush and then entering the Indo-Gangetic Plain, where in 326 BC he faced the war elephants of king Porus at the battle of the Hydaspes. Alexander died in Babylon at the age of 32, leaving a world that would never be the same. The Hellenistic Age had begun.

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To our esteemed President and CEO Cecilia Cayosa Borromeo, your LANDBANK Family wishes you another year filled with love and joy as you celebrate the gift of life on this special day.

Your unwavering passion and dedication to make a positive difference for the country continue to inspire us to go above and beyond the call for public service. We are truly grateful for your strong leadership and guidance that has helped shaped the Bank into what it is today.

May our good Lord bless you with strength and good health as you enjoy the fruits of your hard work and gain more fulfilling days ahead.

Happy Birthday, Ma'am Cecilia Cayosa Borromeo!

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AUGUSTUS ~ THE FIRST EMPEROR OF ROME

<3 Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus Augustus, often remembered simply as Augustus, was the very first Emperor of Rome
He reigned for 41 years, much longer than anyone else that came after him.
He not only took power and managed to keep it, he also turned the  Roman Republic into an Empire, which it would remain for centuries after his death.

<3 Augustus was born in Rome on the 23rd of September in the year 63 BC.
However, he didn't stay in Rome for long, as it was deemed too crowded to raise him.
He was then taken to his family's estate in the village of Velletri for the first years of his life.
Augustus spent part of his childhood being raised by his grandmother, Julia, who was Caesar's sister.
An 11-year-old Augustus personally delivered the funeral oration for his grandmother after she died in 52 BC.

<3 Augustus always wanted to join his great-uncle, Julius Caesar, and be part of his military campaigns.
However, things kept getting in the way, delaying Augustus from fulfilling this dream.
Augustus was finally given permission by his mother, to accompany Caesar in his campaign against Pompey.
Initially Augustus was unable to go because of illness.
Even after he recovered and sailed west, he had to endure a shipwreck and a harrowing journey through enemy territory, before he finally met with his great-uncle.

<3 While Caesar was busy establishing himself as dictator, he sent 19 year old Augustus, to the city of Apollonia in Macedonia to complete his education.
However, there was another reason for this move.
Five Roman legions were stationed in Macedonia, and Caesar wanted Augustus to take them east and fight under Caesar's command, in an upcoming war against the Parthian Empire.

<3 Augustus was still in Apollonia when news of Caesar's assassination reached him in 44 BC.
Word got out that Caesar had named Augustus as his heir in his will, and Augustus changed his name from Gaius Octavius Thurinus to Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, in honor of his great~Uncle.

<3 When a young Augustus arrived in Rome after the death of Julius Caesar, he found that Mark Antony was acting as Caesar's heir after having driven Caesar's assassins from the city.
Augustus called him out on it, and Antony was declared a threat to the Republic, leading to his flight from Rome.
Augustus led the Roman Senate's armies against Mark Antony.

<3 Augustus wasted no time vilifying Antony's name and reputation in Rome, as for Antony, his end came while he basked in the wealth of the east, with Cleopatra at his side.
Augustus defeated them both at the naval Battle of Actium in 31 BC, leading to Antony and Cleopatra choosing suicide over capture.

<3  With their deaths, Augustus was the sole man in charge of Rome, and he took the necessary steps to consolidate his power and make himself the emperor.

<3 Augustus revered his great-uncle Julius Caesar, even long after the legendary general's death.
He was so committed to Caesar's memory, in fact, that he once ordered an absolutely horrific sacrifice to be held on the Ides of March, the anniversary of Caesar's assassination.
300 prisoners taken from the recent Perusine War, were killed on the altar of Caesar in Rome, all to show how much the emperor respected the man who set the foundation for his rule.

<3 One element that made Augustus' seizing of power successful, was his refusal to dress finely and cover himself in glorious titles and finery.
Augustus turned down the privileges of wearing a diadem or carrying a scepter, knowing that such kingly features would fly in the face of the image of a Republic that he was trying to claim still existed.
Augustus apparently didn't care much about his personal appearance, his teeth were poorly kept, and he would often just have several barbers work on his hair without real care to how it ended up looking.
Augustus stood 5'7″, leading to him wear shoes that added a few inches to his height.

<3 During his life, Augustus was married three times.
His first two marriages each ended in divorce after two years, while the third lasted from 37 BC until his death in 14 AD.
Wife number one was Claudia, whom he returned to her mother, claiming that their marriage had never been consummated.
Wife number two was Scribonia, who bore his only child, Julia the Elder.
His final wife was Livia Drusilla, who may, or may not, have had a hand in her husbands death.

<3 One of Augustus' greatest accomplishments as Emperor was a treaty with the Parthian Empire.
This saw the return of Roman standards lost, when a Roman army was slaughtered at the Battle of Carrhae.
While many resented that the Parthians weren't invaded in revenge, Augustus achieved a diplomatic and moral victory by playing up the return of the standards as a great triumph.

<3 One of Augustus' longest-lasting contributions to the history of the Roman Empire was the formation of the Praetorian Guard. Initially formed by Augustus as a bodyguard detail, they grew in size and importance.
They not only guarded the emperor, but also maintained the peace in Rome and even the rest of the Italian Peninsula.
Augustus also oversaw Rome's firefighting forces.
He also established a permanent standing army to maintain the empire, numbering 170,000 men in total.

<3 Just as the month of July was named after Julius Caesar, the month of August was named after Emperor Augustus.
It had previously been named Sextilis, since it was the sixth month in the Roman year (it was a different time).

<3 Among the many building projects in Rome which began with Augustus, were the Temple of Caesar, the Baths of Agrippa, the Forum of Augustus, and the Mausoleum of Augustus, which was built to carry the final remains of his family, including himself.

<3 Augustus Caesar died in A.D. 14, his empire secured and at peace.
His wife Livia was rumored to have brought about Augustus's death, by poisoning fresh figs
His reported last words were twofold: to his subjects he said,
"I found Rome of clay; I leave it to you of marble,"
but to the friends who had stayed with him in his rise to power he added,
"Have I played the part well? Then applaud me as I exit."

<3 Augustus was laid to rest in The Mausoleo di Augusto, a large tomb he built in Rome Italy.
The mausoleum has been restored and reopened to the public in March 2021, after fourteen years of closure.

https://www.facebook.com/groups/537859523834021
https://www.factinate.com/people/44-autocratic-facts-augustus-first-emperor-rome/
.
️ https://ko-fi.com/thetudorintruders
.
<3 Augustus of Prima Porta~1st century

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LANDBANK has been at the forefront of SERVING THE NATION for six (6) decades to provide Filipinos their banking and financial needs with a network of the following touchpoints nationwide as of 31 March 2023:

️ 607 Branches and Branchlites
️ 2,906 Automated Teller Machines (ATMs)
️ 224 Cash Deposit Machines (CDMs)
️ 58 Provincial Lending Centers
️ 72 Accounting Centers
️ 14 Field Support Services Centers

For your safety and convenience, our ATM network is complemented by 2,391 ATMs operating inside select 7-Eleven stores nationwide.

We are LANDBANK. And we are SERVING THE NATION.

#ServingTheNation
#BankingOnTheFilipinoSpirit

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Families and fisherfolk in Oriental Mindoro affected by the recent oil spill received aid from the government on Saturday. President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. personally led the distribution of assistance, which included family food packs, fishing boats, fish smoking machines, water pumps, and vegetable and certified palay seeds.

The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) has distributed Php98.6 million worth of family food packs to those affected. The DSWD is also implementing a cash-for-work program in coordination with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) for clean-up operations.

More than 25,000 families in 14 towns are engaged in the program with a total budget allocation of Php190.1 million. Activities include oil spill clean-up along coastlines under DENR guidance, land clearing for communal gardens, establishment of barangay and background gardening, hauling and handling family food packs, and canal clean-up and desilting for flood prevention.

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On Saturday, President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. personally distributed government aid to families and fisherfolk affected by the oil spill in Oriental Mindoro. Alongside the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), President Marcos has distributed Php98.6 million worth of family food packs to those affected.

Various forms of government assistance were distributed, including fishing boats, fish smoking machines, water pumps, and vegetable and certified palay seeds. The DSWD reported that it has distributed 140,728 family food packs out of the 187,140 delivered to the province.

The DSWD is also implementing a cash-for-work program in coordination with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) for clean-up operations. More than 25,000 families in 14 towns are engaged in the program with a total budget allocation of Php190.1 million.

Activities include oil spill clean-up along coastlines under DENR guidance, land clearing for communal gardens, establishment of barangay and background gardening, hauling and handling family food packs, and canal clean-up and desilting for flood prevention.

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Myth: Renewable energy is too expensive.

Fact: Renewables are the cheapest form of energy in most parts of the world.

Climate change misinformation is a risk to everyone, but you can get accurate climate information here: https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/raising-ambition/renewable-energy?fbclid=IwAR3SzP8Cf5OzEKV3GL_jl_uU9fMrnnrn3lA5GqsNlfJLdtY639HYx3iQzDc

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The Cockroach Theory

The cockroach theory for self-development

At a restaurant, a cockroach suddenly flew from somewhere and sat on a lady.

She started screaming out of fear.

With a panic-stricken face and trembling voice, she started jumping, with both her hands desperately trying to get rid of the cockroach.

Her reaction was contagious, as everyone in her group also got panicky.

The lady finally managed to push the cockroach away but ...it landed on another lady in the group.

Now, it was the turn of the other lady in the group to continue the drama.

The waiter rushed forward to their rescue.

In the relay of throwing, the cockroach next fell upon the waiter.

The waiter stood firm, composed himself and observed the behaviour of the cockroach on his shirt.

When he was confident enough, he grabbed it with his fingers and threw it out of the restaurant.

Sipping my coffee and watching the amusement, the antenna of my mind picked up a few thoughts and started wondering, was the cockroach responsible for their histrionic behaviour?

If so, then why was the waiter not disturbed?

He handled it near to perfection, without any chaos.

It is not the cockroach, but the inability of those people to handle the disturbance caused by the cockroach, that disturbed the ladies.

I realized that it is not the shouting of my father or my boss or my wife that disturbs me, but it's my inability to handle the disturbances caused by their shouting that disturbs me.

It's not the traffic jams on the road that disturbs me, but my inability to handle the disturbance caused by the traffic jam that disturbs me.

More than the problem, it's my reaction to the problem that creates chaos in my life.

Lessons learnt from the story:

I understood I should not react in life.

I should always respond.

The women reacted, whereas the waiter responded.

Reactions are always instinctive whereas responses are always well thought of.

A beautiful way to understand

LIFE.

The HAPPY person is not because Everything is RIGHT in his Life.

He is HAPPY because his Attitude towards Everything in his Life is Right!

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