Mouse-Derived NY-ESO-1 T Cell Receptor for Use in ImmunotherapyScientists at the National Institutes of Health have developed a T cell receptor (TCR) derived from mouse T cells (i.e. murine TCR) that can be expressed in human T cells to recognize the cancer testis antigen (CTA), NY-ESO-1, with high specificity. This anti-NY-ESO-1 TCR has murine variable regions that recognize the NY-ESO-1 epitope and murine constant regions. The inventors performed in vitro studies comparing this murine NY-ESO-1 TCR with a previously developed human NY-ESO-1 TCR counterpart, which yielded promising clinical outcomes in patients with a variety of cancers. The murine TCR functioned similarly to the human counterpart in their ability to recognize and react to NY-ESO-1 tumor targets.
NY-ESO-1 is a CTA, which is expressed only on tumor cells and germline cells of the testis and placenta. CTAs are ideal targets for developing cancer immunotherapeutics, such as anti-CTA TCRs, because these TCRs are expected to target cancer cells without harming normal tissues and thereby minimize the harsh side effects associated with other types of cancer treatment. NY-ESO-1 is expressed on a wide variety of cancers, including but not limited to breast, lung, prostate, thyroid, and ovarian cancers, melanoma, and synovial sarcomas. Thus, this technology should be applicable in adoptive cell transfer therapies for many types of cancer.
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