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Higit isang linggo nang patay si Heneral Antonio Luna, sunod namang namatay sa araw na ito noong 1899 ang mga tagasuporta ni Heneral Luna sa hanay ng militar at magkapatid na sina Major Manuel at Kapitan Jose Bernal.

Naglabas noon ng kautusan si Pangulong Emilio Aguinaldo para disarmahan dakpin ang mga sundalo at pinunong militar na tagasuporta kay Heneral Luna, at kabilang sa mga pinagdadampot ang magkapatid na Bernal. Dito na pumasok sa eksena ang noo'y 23-anyos na heneral at malapit na kaalyado ni Pangulong Aguinaldo na si Gregorio del Pilar, na diumano ay ipinag-utos na pahirapan ang magkapatid na Bernal. Habang pinahirapan ng mga sundalong tauhan ni Heneral del Pilar si Manuel Bernal, pinalaya naman mula sa pagkakabilanggo si Jose Bernal. Wala nang nakakaalam sa sinapit ni Manuel mula noon, pero habang nasa Candaba, Pampanga si Jose, pinagbabaril siya ng hindi pa nakikilang suspek.

Labis na bumaba ang moral ng hukbo ng Unang Republika sa pagkamatay ni Heneral Luna at sa pagkakaaresto sa mga opisyal na kapanalig ni Luna. At isa ang magkapatid na Bernal sa mga naging biktima ng pag-purge ni Pangulong Aguinaldo sa mga hinihinalang tagasuporta niya.

Sanggunian:
• Philippine-American War, 1899-1902. (n.d.). June 5, 1899: Assassination of Gen. Antonio Luna. https://www.filipinoamericanwar18991902.com/lunaassassination.htm

#SulyapSaNakaraan
#CaptainJoseBernal #MajorManuelBernal
#BernalBrothers #FilipinoAmericanWar
#PhilippineHistory #SocSciclopedia

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The Art of Insubordination (2022) is a research-based, science-backed, anecdote-packed ode to all the rebels and revolutionaries out there. It highlights the importance of dissent in society and teaches aspiring nonconformists the skills they need to confidently challenge majority viewpoints, manage discomfort when rebelling, and avoid losing hold of their most cherished values in the process.

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BATTLE OF TIRAD PASS - 1898
Photo Colorization by Adlai Jan Garcia Jawid

The Battle of Tirad Pass (Tirad); (Spanish: Batalla de Paso Tirad; Tagalog: Labanan sa Pasong Tirad; Ilocano: Gubat ti Paso), sometimes referred to as the "Philippine Thermopylae", was a battle in the Philippine–American War fought on December 2, 1899, in northern Luzon in the Philippines, in which a 60-man Filipino rear guard commanded by Brigadier General Gregorio del Pilar succumbed to more than 500 Americans, mostly of the 33rd Volunteer Infantry Regiment under Major Peyton C. March, while delaying the American advance to ensure that President Emilio Aguinaldo and his troops escaped.

The retreat of Aguinaldo from Bayambang, through the mountainous terrain began on November 13, 1899, after he had disbanded the regular Filipino army into guerrilla units. On November 23, Aguinaldo's party reached the pass, which provided a strategic bottleneck. It was to be protected by a rear guard under General Gregorio del Pilar, who noticed the advantageous terrain of Tirad Pass (Pasong Tirad as it was locally called), and hunkered down to defend it while Aguinaldo escaped through the mountains. The hand-picked force of Filipinos, which was the remaining contingent of the late Antonio Luna's army, constructed several sets of trenches and stone barricades on both shoulders of the pass, as well as on top of its 4,500-foot (1,400 m) height. Meanwhile, during early November, Major March had been given the task of pursuing Aguinaldo. By November 30, March and his men, in haste to catch the Philippine president, marched through Candon, Santo Tomas, La Union and Salcedo, Ilocos Sur. He and his men found out that Aguinaldo had passed through Salcedo five days previously, and that fueled the Americans' march to Concepcion (now named Gregorio del Pilar), a town overlooked by the steep pass, which they reached by December 1. March had no clear idea of the size of Aguinaldo's rear guard, but he had calculated it to be no more than 150 men.

On the morning of December 2, the Americans advanced up the trail but were met with a steady volley of fire, enabling them to climb to only around 300 feet. The Americans abandoned the idea of a frontal assault and took cover in the zigzag trail. Texan sharpshooters positioned themselves on a hill overlooking the trenches, whittling down the Philippine rear guard with measured volleys. Nevertheless, the Filipinos continued to hold their ground, utilizing focused volley fire that repelled other advances by the Americans. Therefore, March sent elements of their force with an Igorot villager named Januario Galut to determine the Filipino positions and outflank the defenders. While the flanking movement was still in progress, three American soldiers rushed to the battlefield but found themselves receiving Filipino fire. Two died, being the only Americans killed in the encounter, while the third was badly wounded.

More than five hours after the battle began, the Americans began to feel the scorching heat of the midday sun and decided to rest for a while amidst the rocks. Later that day, the search party had succeeded in their task, and the Americans fell upon the rear of the outnumbered defenders, defeating them. Over the course of the battle, 52 of the 60 Filipinos were killed. Among the dead was General del Pilar, shot through the neck at the height or end of the struggle (depending upon which eye-witness account is to be believed).

The Americans lost 2 dead and 9 wounded, most of which resulted from the repelled frontal assault. Despite nearly total annihilation, however, the Filipinos under Del Pilar held off the Americans long enough for Aguinaldo to escape. Upon receiving word of the battle outcome in nearby Cervantes, Ilocos Sur, Aguinaldo and his party resumed their retreat into the mountains of what was then Bontoc province, pursued by March and his men. March broke off the pursuit on March 7. On September 6, 1900, Aguinaldo reached Palanan, Isabela, where he would continue to lead the guerrilla campaign he had begun on November 13, 1899. He was captured there on March 23, 1901 by men of General Frederick Funston.
According to Filipino writer and historian Nick Joaquin however, the main objective of the Americans was not to pursue Aguinaldo but to keep him away from linking up with the elite Tinio Brigade, which was under the command of Manuel Tinio. In his critical book of essays "A Question of Heroes" he notes that Tirad Pass was an "exercise in futility" in that it only allowed Aguinaldo to "run to nowhere".

Del Pilar's diary was recovered among the possessions looted by the victorious Americans, who had stripped him bare of his military decorations, his uniform and his personal belongings, leaving him, as the eyewitness, correspondent Richard Henry Little wrote, "We carved not a line and we raised not a stone, But we left him alone with his glory". The exact wording of its poignant final entry, written on the night of December 1, differs somewhat between sources quoting it. Two versions are:

The General has given me the pick of all the men that can be spared and ordered me to defend the Pass. I realize what a terrible task has been given me. And yet I feel that this is the most glorious moment of my life. What I do is done for my beloved country. No sacrifice can be too great.

The General has given me a Platoon of available men and has ordered me to defend this Pass. I am aware what a difficult task has been given me. Nevertheless, I feel that this is the most glorious moment of my life. I am doing everything for my beloved country. There is no greater sacrifice.

Del Pilar's corpse lay unburied for three days. American officer Lieutenant Dennis Quinlan, with a group of Igorots, later buried his body and left a plaque, "Gen. Gregorio del Pilar, Died December 2, 1899, Commanding Aguinaldo's Rear Guard, An Officer and a Gentleman."

In honor of Del Pilar's heroism, the Philippine Military Academy was named Fort Del Pilar and a historical marker placed at the site of the battle.

The Battle of Tirad Pass and the death of Del Pilar was also commemorated during World War II when the Japanese-backed government of President José P. Laurel sought to re-kindle anti-American sentiment by reviving memories of the Philippine–American War with the creation of the Tirad Pass Medal. The design of the obverse (front) of the medal included a bust of Del Pilar and a view of Tirad Pass. The design of the reverse (back) includes the date 1944. The Tirad Pass Medal was the only military medal or decoration issued by the Laurel government during the Japanese occupation.

In 1955, the town where the battle happened was renamed Gregorio del Pilar, Ilocos Sur.

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U.S. Naval Officers exchange Salutes at the Entrance Gate of Fort San Felipe, Cavite #Luzon
Prewar 1940-41 (from unknown Magazine print)

#FYI Fort San Felipe is a military fortress in Cavite City in the province of Cavite. It was constructed by the Spanish military in 1609 in the first port town of Cavite, the historic core of the present and larger Cavite City, for its protection. The fortress was witness to many historical events like the Cavite Mutiny of 1872 and the Execution of the 13 Martyrs of Cavite in 1896, among others.

During the early year of the American occupation, only the façade, the main entrance with flanking curtain walls, and the two bastions at the ends remain of the old port. The rest were demolished by the Americans during the early 20th century to make way for a naval station. #PR

Less than half of the original historic structure survives today. The remaining structure is made of granite blocks with 30-foot high walls and features a wide stairway leading to the top of the bastions and remaining walls. Naval memorabilia including antique cannons and cannonballs decorate the lawns of the fortification.

Fort San Felipe is located within the 9-hectare Naval Base Cavite of the Philippine Navy and is not open to the public. At present, the name Fort San Felipe also refers to the area of the present Cavite City where the first historic port town Cavite and the Cavite Arsenal were located. It is now part of the San Roque district of Cavite City. (info: Wikipedia)

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Sometimes, nature delivers something truly nightmarish. Take 'zombie fungus', for instance.

Once an ant has been sprinkled with its spores, the parasitic fungus 'Ophiocordyceps unilateralis' penetrates the cuticle and begins to infect the ant's brain. It directs the ant upwards, where its deadly spores will have the most reach. When they're high enough, the zombie ant bites down and grips the stem with its mandible, anchoring them in place.

The ant dies as the fungus takes over its body, and eventually, the parasite's large stalk erupts right through the back of the ant's head. When the parasite is done growing, its deadly spores burst from the tip, dispersing more death to the jungle floor. The cycle continues with any nearby ants.

Happy Saturday everyone.

Credit: shunfa Teh / Shutterstock

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June 16th, 1904

On this day 118 years ago, Russian governor-general of Finland, Nikolay Ivanovich Bobrikov was assassinated by Finnish nationalist Eugen Schauman.

Almost full century earlier, previously part of Sweden, Finland had been annexed by Russia after Finnish war (1808-1809). Instead of straight up integrating the newly conquered land into the empire, Finland was given autonomy, and became known as the Grand Duchy of Finland. In diet of Finland (1809) the Russian tsar Alexander I – the grand duke himself - had confirmed the rights of Finns under his rule, promising freedom to pursue their own customs and maintain their own religion and identity. Such a concession was necessary due to the difference in cultures and customs. In the Porvoo Diet (1816) he also extended this promise to bind his descendants as well.

In the Grand Duchy of Finland the head of state was the Russian tsar, but it had its own constitution, its own laws and senate, its own army, its own postage stamps, all the works. As the grand duke himself had other duties as tsar of Russia, A general-governor was nominated by the grand duke to be his representative in Finland.

Things worked out quite well for a time. So–called Old Finland, parts of Finland which had been annexed from Sweden in 1721 and 1743, were integrated into Grand duchy of Finland. Finns didn't get conscripted into Russian army, and the Finnish army wasn't sent to fight wars in foreign lands. In 1860 Finland got its own currency, the Finnish mark. Serfdom, which was legal in Russia until 1861, was never implemented in Finland. Finns got to run their own government and build their own industrial infrastructure, from railroads to factories and lighthouses and beyond. Finns were allowed to freely develop their own culture and arts. The press was somewhat free under imperial censorship. The tsars even built their summer lodges in calm and beautiful Finland, a haven of nature away from busy cities and court politics. If you ever visit St.Petersburg in Russia, look for red granite pillars (like the ones in St. Isaac's cathedral) and other elements of red granite in fine old buildings. Those were imported from Finland during the Russian rule, and it is said that grand duchy of Finland is what made building modern St.Petersburg possible.

It wasn't all smooth sailing but Finns were generally happy enough to live their lives under Russian rule. However all of that came crashing down in 1899, when Tsar Nicholas II gave the February Manifesto, which officially started the russification of Finland. The point was to strip autonomous Finland of its "privileges" such as separate army, its constitution and laws, its senate and to marginalize non-Russian populations in Finland so that Russian and russified populations would eventually replace them and that Finland could be eventually fully annexed into the Russian empire.

Unsurprisingly the policy of russification was immediately unpopular, as it brought forth strict censorship, repression of Finnish language and Culture, and placed Russian and russified peoples above native Finns. Russian language was set as the official language of the Finnish senate, government offices, and even schools. The Finnish army was also disbanded.

Nikolay Bobrikov was nominated by tsar Nicholas II to be the 13th (Russian) governor-general of Finland in 1898. Bobrikov himself was one of the architects of the February manifest, and one of the main drivers of russification of non-russians within the empire. When his vision encountered political resistance from the Finns, he himself requested, and was given by the tsar, dictatorial powers over Finland in order to "pacify" the Finns.

A constitutionalist resistance called "the Kagal" was formed by the Finns to oppose the russification. At first their operation was nonviolent, resistance through propaganda, but when Bobrikov became a dictator, he expelled the Kagal's leadership. From that point on the Kagal's public operations continued to operate based in Stockholm, Sweden.

Resistance overall had been nonviolent up to this point, but there began to be opinions supporting acts of violence. There seemed to be consensus on what should be done, but not who would do it. Turned out they didn't have to concern themselves with details for long.

Nikolay Bobrikov's end came June 16th, 1904. Eugen Schauman, a government clerk and son of a former Senator, was waiting for general-governor Bobrikov in the second-floor landing of the Senate House in Helsinki. Schauman working in senate house knew Bobrikov's schedule, and came prepared with a .32 ACP FN Browning M1900 pistol which he fired three times towards Bobrikov. The first bullet ricocheted harmlessly from Bobrikov's jacket button, and second one from Bobrikov's St. Vladimir cross only causing him a scratch in his neck. But the third one hit Bobrikov's belt buckle and fragmented, entering his body and causing fatal organ damage.

Schauman then turned his pistol around and shot himself twice in the chest, killing himself almost instantly. Bobrikov was still standing, and managed to walk into the senate hall, where he first insisted that he is fine, until he was informed of the blood dripping from him. Despite extensive medical care and surgery, he died of his wounds during the night, 01:10AM on June 17th 1904.

The Kagal had been, after nonviolent activism becoming inefficient, beginning to plan assassinating Bobrikov, but Schauman, working semi-independently, had already been on it for months and acted first. Schauman had even written a will and several letters, even one addressed to the tsar, in which he justified his deed, stated that he acted alone, and explained his actions. About his suicide he wrote:

"It is awful to kill another person. With my own life, I will have to make up for my crime. After making this decision, I am at peace; calm and happy I now go to die."

After searching his home it was discovered that Schauman left behind many philosophical writings, which tell us more about the motivation behind his actions:

"Freedom is its own reward. With certain and quite minor restrictions, it is an inalienable right of every human being that no external power can deprive him of. Man has no right to give it up for his own part, much less for his children. Freedom is the foundation of self-respect, and without it the great doctrine of man's moral responsibility would be mere lie and deception. Freedom is a sacred thing and the love of freedom is deeply rooted in our hearts. Do you love your country? Good, then keep in mind the words of [Henrik Johan] Ibsen: "Though thou wouldst give all, but not thy life, thou hast given nothing."

News of Bobrikov's death were quietly celebrated in certain circles, but people in general feared how Russia might react. The Russians were also divided:  in the state council others demanded that Finns pay for what they had done. But others understood that bullheaded Bobrikov himself had turned the Finns, who were previously friendly and patriotic people, against Russia. The assassination didn't end the russification policies, in fact it accelerated them by prompting purges of anti-russification activists, but it remains the finest hour of Finnish resistance against internal tyranny and oppression, as well the most famous assassination in Finnish history.

The Russian revolution of 1905 and the Grand Strike in Finland was what ultimately ended what is now known in Finland as "First period of oppression". A second attempt of russification, which is today called the "Second period of oppression" would be ordered by tsar Nicholas II as soon as 1908, and would last until the February revolution in 1917. By now, Finland had enough, and would become independent country on December 6th that same year.

Ref:
Alenius, Kari. "Russification in Estonia and Finland Before 1917,"Faravid,2004, Vol. 28, pp 181–194
Huxley, Steven.Constitutionalist insurgency in Finland: Finnish "passive resistance" against Russification as a case of nonmilitary struggle in the European resistance tradition(1990)
Polvinen, Tuomo.Imperial Borderland: Bobrikov and the Attempted Russification of Finland, 1898–1904(1995)
Thaden, Edward C.Russification in the Baltic Provinces and Finland(1981).
Seppo Zetterberg: Kuka oli Eugen Schauman?, pp. 96–97. In Osmo Apunen: Itsenäisen Suomen historia 1: Rajamaasta tasavallaksi. Weilin+Göös 1991.
Jussi Niinistö: Suomalaisia vapaustaistelijoita, pp. 13–18. Nimox Ky, Helsinki 2003.

https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Russification_of_Finland

https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nikolay_Bobrikov

https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Eugen_Schauman

https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Assassination_of_Nikolay_Bobrikov

https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland

https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Kagal_(Finnish_resistance_movement)

Authored by Hevi Heinonen

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On June 17, 1877, General Manuel Tinio was born in Aliaga, Nueva Ecija. Appointed in 1897 as general at the age of 20, he was among the youngest generals of the Philippine Revolution. Only General Anacleto Enriquez was appointed at a younger age (a difference of four months).

Distinguishing himself in many battles, including San Isidro, Aliaga, San Rafael, Tayug, Dagupan, and Bangar, among significant victories, Tinio earned the respect of both Filipinos and Americans alike. General Antonio Luna, among the Filipino commanders, had high regard for Tinio, so much so that he specially requested the Tinio Brigade to join his planned counterattack against the Americans at Caloocan (February 1899), during the opening weeks of the Filipino-American War. Instead, Luna was assigned the Kawit Battalion to relieve the beleaguered Pampanga troops.

Despite hailing from Nueva Ecija, the liberation of Ilocos was partly attributed to Tinio's efforts. By 1898, Tinio had developed good civil-military relations with the Ilocano leaders and built a 3,500-strong armed force. Not everyone, however, enjoyed Tinio's leadership. For one, Bishop Gregorio Aglipay operated independently of Tinio's command in Ilocos. Nonetheless, the Tinio Brigade would remain as one of the largest operating military units in the Philippines even after President Emilio Aguinaldo ordered the shift to guerrilla warfare by November 1899. At this time, the Americans estimated five Filipino armed groups that have maintained a force of 2,000 or more, which included Tinio's Brigade. Shortly after the shift to guerrilla warfare, in December 1899, Tinio faced at the Battle of Tangadan Pass American troops under General Samuel Young, who were among those assigned to pursue Aguinaldo.

Unlike General Gregorio del Pilar, who died with most of his troops at Tirad Pass in delaying the Americans, Tinio managed to inflict 8 American deaths, while suffering on his side 35 Filipino deaths. In retreating thereafter, Tinio was nonetheless successful in postponing the American advance further north. With only 87 of Young's 500 troops fit for duty after the Battle of Tangadan Pass, the American general had to wait for his reinforcements.

Throughout 1900, Tinio's forces dwindled to a fraction of its original strength, numbering around 1,000. Meanwhile, the American forces increased. Added to Tinio's problems would be the number of Filipinos in the northern provinces adhering to the United States.

Tinio would surrender to the United States by May 1901 with General Benito Natividad and some 350 Filipino troops. Out of admiration for Tinio's action, General Arthur MacArthur ordered the release of 1,000 Filipino prisoners for the occasion. After the war, Tinio would be one of the founders of the Nacionalista Party, and would serve as Nueva Ecija governor from 1907 to 1909. By 1913, he would be appointed as Director of Lands, the first Filipino to hold the said position. During his political career, Tinio would also be active in the independence missions to the United States. He died on February 22, 1924.

Learn more about Tinio and the youngest generals of the Philippine Revolution: https://history-ph.blogspot.com/2018/09/conscious-hero-or-man-of-no-ego.html

Follow on Facebook, Twitter, and Tiktok: @historyphils

#FilipinoHistorian #History #TodayInHistory #OnThisDay #Tinio #MilitaryHistory #Warfare #Independence #Kalayaan #Kasarinlan

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Why Did Moses Disagree with God?

In an early interaction, God told Moses that He will send his angel to guide Israel along the way. The people of Israel were warned not to disobey God's messenger because he would not forgive their transgressions if they rebelled against him. (Ex. 23:21)

Moses approached God with a very bold request indeed; He asked for God to personally accompany Israel instead, refusing to move anywhere without His own personal presence (Ex. 33:12-16). Why did he take the risk of challenging God? Why did Moses disagree with God?

In the end of incredible experience of seeing the back of God, hearing the words that described his fundamentally gracious and forgiving nature (Ex. 34:6), Moses disclosed his reason: "...because this is a stiff-necked people. Pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us for Your own!" (Ex.34:9) In other words, Moses' argument was as follows: God should go with Israel and forgive them, precisely because they are a stiff-necked people!

Since God said that an angel would not forgive Israel if they rebel against him (Ex. 23:21), Moses knew that his only hope was to persuade God Himself to come instead. While being hidden in the cleft of the Rock, Moses became aware that YHWH (unlike his angel) was able to forgive "iniquity, transgression, and sin" (Ex. 34:7). Moses understood that given Israel's sins, only if God will go with them would Israel have a chance for a future.

Hasidic Rabbi Levi Yitzchak of Berditchev (who may have been my relative on my mother's side) once prayed this way:

"Lord of the universe, I want to propose a deal. We have many sins. You have much forgiveness.

Let us exchange our sins for Your forgiveness. 

And if You should say that this is not a fair exchange, then my reply is:

If we had no sins, what would You do with all Your forgiveness?

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The world is experiencing challenges around inflation. In Singapore headline inflation is beginning to rise at 5.5 per cent on average for this quarter. Some experts see it surpassing 2011 levels but falling short of a high in 2008.

Even though Southeast Asia inflation is lower than global levels, the region can still be impacted by increased prices. To manage inflation you need ways to protect your business.

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It's time for the release roundup! Percona is a leading provider of unbiased open source database solutions that allow organizations to easily, securely, and affordably maintain business agility, minimize risks, and stay competitive. Our Release Roundups showcase the latest Percona software updates, tools, and features to help you manage and deploy our software.

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Percona Backup for MongoDB (PBM) is a distributed backup and restore tool for sharded and non-sharded clusters. In 1.8.0, we added the replset-remapping functionality that allows you to restore data on a new compatible cluster topology. The new environment can have different replset names and/or serve on different hosts and ports.

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The Power of Meaning (2017) discusses the four pillars of meaning that a person should honor if they hope to lead a fulfilling life. This book encourages readers to discover themselves by searching for a purpose in life, connecting with others, engaging in transcendence and learning from past traumas.

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The book of Revelation is a first-century Jewish document that recognizes Jesus as ultimate Emperor of worldwide Empire. For many centuries, the interpretation of Revelation was almost solely in the hands of those unfamiliar with Jewish language, context or culture. Therefore, the cultural and linguistic disconnect was substantial. This book begins to remedy this situation by returning the Book of Revelation into its original Jewish and Hebraic contexts, without ignoring it's Greco-Roman setting as well. Are you ready to be inspired by looking at Revelation as you never looked at it before? If so, go ahead get the book and come with us on the journey of discovery into the world of Jewish Background of the Book of Revelation.

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#OnThisDay June 16, 1936, the National Assembly opened its first regular session. President Manuel L. Quezon delivered his first State of the Nation Address before the First National Assembly. His SONA was themed, quite pragmatically, "On the Country's Conditions and Problems." (The first formal State of the Nation Address in the Philippines was delivered by President Manuel L. Quezon on June 16, 1936 at the Legislative Building in Manila, now National Museum of Fine Arts.)

Quezon said: "Seven months ago, this Commonwealth was inaugurated amidst the general rejoicing of our people, and with misgivings on the part of some timorous individuals. Today, the Government of the Commonwealth counts with the confidence and respect of all. True, there are still a few prophets of disaster, but these need not seriously disturb us, for it is evident that it is only their wish that is father to their forebodings."

Neither the material and cultural progress which the Philippines enjoyed under the American flag nor the gloomy prophecies made by American imperialists concerning the future of a free Philippines deterred the Filipino people in their aspiration for independence. From 1919 to 1934, they campaigned for independence and sent twelve independence missions to America. As a result of their campaign, the Commonwealth of the Philippines was finally established in 1935. This was a preparatory step to the establishment of the Third Philippine Republic on July 4, 1946.

Freedom was the unfading dream of the Filipinos.  It was an ever-living ideal watered with their blood and tears for over three centuries, from Mactan to Bataan. In its name, they fought more than 100 revolts, one national revolution against Spain, one war against America, and participated in the two global wars – the First and Second World Wars. It was realized for a brief time with the establishment of the First Philippine Republic (1899–1901), only to be lost in a war against the Americans.

Defeating in war, the people accepted American rule, trained in the precepts of democracy, and assimilated American political and cultural legacies. But they never ceased to aspire for freedom. Failing to obtain it by force of arms, they determined to continue their libertarian struggle by force of reason and justice.

Every year since 1907, the Philippine Assembly and later the Philippine Legislature passed resolutions expressing the Filipino desire for independence. Its stirring battle cry: "Immediate, Complete, and Absolute Independence!"

The 1935 Constitution was one of the noblest documents written by Filipinos. It embodied the ideals of liberty and democracy which Filipinos had aspired for, and an American-type of government which they had been trained in. The Bill of Rights and the structure of the new government were modelled after the American Constitution. In one respect, the Philippine Constitution was superior to the American Constitution, because the preamble of the first invoked the aid of Divine Providence.

As a preparatory step towards the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the first national election under the Constitution was held on September 17, 1935. By an overwhelming majority vote, the Filipino people elected Manuel L. Quezon and Sergio Osmeña of the Coalition/Nationalista Party as President and Vice-President respectively, of the Philippines. The majority of the elected members of the National Assembly likewise belonged to this party.

On the beautiful morning of November 15, 1935, the Commonwealth of the Philippines was inaugurated amidst colorful ceremonies held on the steps of the Legislative Building in Manila (now National Museum of Fine Arts). The historic event was witnessed by a crowd of around 300,000 people.

The invocation prayer was read by Archbishop Gabriel M. Reyes of Cebu. After the prayer, Secretary of War George H. Dern, as the personal and official representative of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, delivered an address in which he extolled the progress of democracy in the Philippines. He was followed by Governor-General Frank Murphy, who read the proclamation of the President of the United States. The oath of office was then administered to President-elect Quezon, Vice-President-elect Osmeña, and the Members-elect of the National Assembly by Chief Justice Ramon Avanceña of the Philippine Supreme Court. After the oath-taking ceremony, Secretary of War Dern, on behalf of the President of the United States, proclaimed the termination of the Government under the Jones Law and the birth of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. Thereupon, President Quezon delivered his inaugural address. A long parade ended the inaugural ceremonies.

Immediately upon assuming the presidency of the Philippine Commonwealth, Quezon undertook the task of laying the foundations of the future Philippine Republic. According to President Quezon, "I would rather have a government run like hell by Filipinos than a government run like heaven by Americans."

Sources and References:
1. Gregorio F. Zaide, Sonia M. Zaide, History of the Republic of the Philippines, Metro Manila, 1983, 1987, pp. 314, 321–322
2. Manuel D. Duldulao, A Century of Philippine Legislature, Experience Philippines, Quezon City, Vol. I, p. 271
3. Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines

#NationalAssembly
#PhilippineAssembly
#President #ManuelQuezon
#Commonwealth #Philippines
#PhilippineHistory #SONA
#BoholProvincialLibraryDigital

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SENATORS GRACE THE ROTARY CLUB OF MANILA 2022 PRO PATRIA JOURNALISM AWARDS CEREMONY

Senators Cynthia A. Villar, Win Gatchalian, and Aquilino "Koko" Pimentel III join members of the Rotary Club of Manila (RCM) in honoring this year's roster of outstanding journalists during the Pro Patria Journalism Awards 2022 ceremony, Thursday, June 16, 2022, at the Conrad Hotel in Pasay City. The recipients of the Pro Patria Journalism awards this year are columnists Alex Magno, Iris Gonzales, and Joaquin Henson of the Philippine Star, radio broadcaster Elpidio "Deo" Macalma of DZRH Broadcasting Co., TV reporter Sandra Aguinaldo of GMA-7, and TV news anchor Jose Roberto Alampay of TV5. War correspondent Clarissa Ward of CNN International is this year's recipient of the International Award for Journalism while veteran journalist Emil Jurado received the RCM Lifetime Achievement Award. (Voltaire F. Domingo / Senate PRIB)

#SenatePH #PhilippineSenate

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by Robert E. Roperos
BUTUAN CITY, Jan. 8 2012 (PIA) -- The Department of Agriculture (DA)-Caraga Region strengthened the "Gulayan sa Paaralan" (Vegetable in School) program in all public elementary and high schools in the region.

DA-Caraga Regional Information Officer Rebecca Atega said aside from providing the schools with different varieties of vegetable seeds, series of activities were conducted last month as an advocacy to the project.

Atega added election of officers were also conducted in every school to strengthen and sustain the activities being conducted in line with the project.

Further, the regional information officer of the agriculture department in the region emphasized that teachers and parents are also involved in the activities as they guide the pupils and students in planting and taking care of the vegetables.

Prior to this, Atega said the parents together with the teachers and students are encouraged to participate seminars and trainings on how to

With this development, Atega said the DA will continue to distribute varieties of vegetable seeds to schools to ensure sustainability of the program.

"Atong padayonon ang pagpang-apud-apod sa mga liso sa gulay sa mga eskuwelahan, ingon man usab ang mga tools and equipment sa gardening aron pagagamiton sa mga bata... ug duna pud kita'y pagabuhaton nga pagbansay-bansay kanila," Atega said."

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by Pat Nano
OROQUIETA CITY, Misamis Occidental, January 8 2012 -- Daghan ug dagkong mga proyekto ug programa nga nahan-ay niadtong milabayng tuig 2011 ang laumang mapatuman na niining tuig 2012.

Kini ang gipadayag ni Governor Hermie Ramiro atol sa iyang speech nga gipahigayon sa pinakaunang flag raising ceremony ning bag-ong tuig 2012.

Sumala pa ni Governor Ramiro ning tuig 2012, mas dagko ug daghan pang mga programa ug proyekto ang ipatuman sa tibook probinysa ang mapatuman, mga proyekto nga magahatag sa katawhang misamisnon ug sa probinsya sa kalamboan.

Pipila niini nga mga dagkong proyekto mao ang konstruksyon sa renovation sa capitol building ug ang pagpatukod sa bag-ong grand stand sa probinsya, mrdp ug prmf projects sama sa mga flood control projects, mga farm to market roads, mga financial assistance sa mga Local Government Units ug sa kabaranagayan sa tibook probinsya.

Gidugang pa sa gobernadora nga malaumon siya nga niining tuig 2012 mamahimong malampuson ug malamboon ang tanang programa ug proyektong ipatuman ubos sa iyang administrasyon uban usab sa hugtanong suporta sa iyang mga kaubanang lideres sa probinsya ug sa katawhang misamisnon.

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by Pat Nano
OROQUIETA CITY, Misamis Occidental, January 8 2022 -- Malipayon ug mapasalamaton si Governor Hermie Ramiro sa iyang nakita nga kadasig sa mga empleyado sa kapitolyo sa pagsulod sa trabaho ning unang adlaw sa trabaho sa tuig 2012, sukwahi sa iyang pagtoo nga gamay lamang ang motungha ngadto sa ilang mga buhatan.

Sanag ug dasig ang panagway sa gobernadora mga mitimbaya ug mipadangat usab sa iyang pasalamat ngadto sa mga kaubanang opisyales sa probinsya partikularmente sa Sangguniang Panlalawigan Office sa pagpangulo ni Vice-Governor Henry Oaminal nga maoy mi-sponsor sa pinakaunang flag raising ceremony sa tuig 2012 ug sa mga empleyado sa kapitolyo sa madasigong mitambong ug misulod sa ilang tagsa-tagsa ka buhatan sa kapitolyo.

Unang gipasalamatan ni Governor Ramiro si Vice-Governor Oaminal sa mainiton usab niining pagtimbaya sa mga empleyado sa kapitolyo nga mitambong sa pinakaunang flag raising ceremony niining tuig 2012.

Sumala pa sa gobernadora nga ang milabay nga tuig 2011 usa ka mabungahon nga tuig alang sa probinsya sa Misamis Occidental gumikan sa daghang mga programa ug proyekto sa probinsya ubos sa iyang administrasyon ang nagmalapuson ug nagmalaboon og kini gumikan usab sa mainitong suporta ug kooperasyon sa mga kaubanang opisyales, mga head of offices ug mga empleyado sa kapitolyo.

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by Pat Nano
OROQUIETA CITY, Misamis Occidental, January 8 2012 -- Gipaniguro sa mga magtutudlo nga nagdumala sa Gulayan sa Paaralan nga luwas sa makadot nga mga kemikal ang mga produktong utanon nga ilang gitanom sa ilang mga hardin sanglit mga organikong abuno ug pestisidyo ang gigamit niini.

Alang sa mga magtutudlo nga gikinahanglang luwas gayod sa makadaot nga mga kemikal ang mga utanon nga ilang itanom sa ilang hardin sanglit kaluwasan ug kahimsog sa panglawas sa ilang mga studyante ilabina niadtong mga 'malnourished ang ilang gitinguha.

Nasayran nga usa usab sa 'criteria' sa Gulayan sa Paaralan competition mao ang paggamit gayod sa mga organikong pamaagi diha sa ilang pagpananom sa mga bisan unsang tanom sa garden, aron luwas kini kaonon sa mga studyante atol sa 'feeding' ug matudluan usab ang kabataan sa kamahinundanon sa paggamit sa mga organikong abuno ug pestisidyo diha sa pagpananom.

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by Pat Nano, PIA
OROQUIETA CITY, Misamis Occidental, January 8 2012 -- Usa ka dakong tabang sa mga tunghaang misalmot sa GO HERMIE Organic Vegetables Production competition ang nasangpit nga programa sanglit napanahon usab kini nga ang mga tunghaan ang nangandam usab sa ilang mga 'vegetables garden' alang sa 'Gulayan sa Paaralan competition.'

Ingon nga dakong tabang sanglit nahatagan sila sa pinansiyal nga ayuda alang sa pagpalambo pa sa ilang matag hardin ug mas nakadugang usab kini sa kadasig sa kabataan sa paghatag sa kamahinundanong pagpananom ug pagkaon sa bisan unsa nga mga utanon.

Kahinumduman nga niadtong milabayng bulan sa Abril 2011 gilusad ni Governor Hermie Ramiro ang GO HERMIE Organic Vegetables Production Competition nga adunay tulo ka mga kategoriya: household category, communal category ug school category nga diin gisalmotan sa mga tunghaan sa matag lungsod sa tibuok probinsya ug gipahigayon ang kahumanan niini niadtong milabayng bulan sa Disyembre sa samang tuig og ang nahimong mananaog mao ang Oroquieta City Central Elementary School.

Subay niini, mipadayag sa dakong kalipay si Edna Dumaog ang Education Program Supervisor sa Misamis Occidental Division ug mao usab gibutang nga Gulayan sa Paaralan Coordinator sa kaanindot sa programa ni Governor Ramiro nga nakatabang sa pagpalambo sa programa usab sa DepEd nga gulayan sa paaralan.

Sumala pa ni Dumaog nga mapasalamaton kaayo ang ilang buhatan sa kanunay nga suporta sa gobernadora sa ilang mga programa ug mapasaligon usab sila nga andam sila sa kanunay sa pagsuporta sa mga programa ni Governor Hermie Ramiro ilabina sa mga programa nga makahatag sa kaayuhan sa ilang kabataan.

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[size=0px]by Robert E. Roperos[/font][/size][size=0px][/size][/color]
[size=0px]BUTUAN CITY, Jan. 7 2012 (PIA) -– The Caraga Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (RDRRMC) through the Office of Civil Defense (OCD) has issued a general flood advisory for the region.[/size][/color]
[size=0px][/size][/color]
[size=0px]According to the advisory, for the past 24 hours as of 8:00 a.m. today, rainfall is measured in Hinatuan at 9.2 millimeters, Butuan City at 16.6 millimeters, and Surigao – 36.0 millimeters.[/size][/color]
[size=0px][/size][/color]
[size=0px]The advisory also stated that moderate to occasionally heavy rains will occur for the next 24 hours, affecting waterways like water and streams and its tributaries in Surigao del Sur, Surigao del Norte, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur and Dinagat Islands.[/size][/color]
[size=0px][/size][/color]
[size=0px]With this, RDRRMC advised the people living near the mountain slopes and in the low-lying areas of the aforementioned river systems to be alert.[/size][/color]
[size=0px][/size][/color]
[size=0px]RDRRMC also advised the local risk reduction and management councils concerned to be alert for possible flashfloods and landslides.[/size][/color]
[size=0px][/size][/color]
[size=0px]The advisory also pointed out that emphasis should be on proactive action, which is evacuation rather than rescue.[/size][/color]
[size=0px][/size][/color]
[size=0px]As of 5:00 p.m., Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) reported that Northeast Monsoon has affected the Luzon area while Tail-end of the Cold Front is affecting the Visayas and Mindanao islands.[/size][/color]
[size=0px][/size][/color]
[size=0px]Because of this, PAGASA said Visayas and Mindanao will have mostly cloudy skies with scattered rainshowers and isolated thunderstorms, becoming cloudy with widespread rains over Eastern and Central Visayas and the Eastern section of Mindanao which may trigger flashfloods and landslides.[/size][/color]
[size=0px][/size][/color]
[size=0px]Meanwhile, the Eastern section of Luzon will experience mostly cloudy skies with light rains while the rest of Luzon will be partly cloudy to cloudy with isolated light rains.[/size][/color]
[size=0px][/size][/color]
[size=0px]Also, moderate to strong winds blowing from the Northeast will prevail over Luzon and Western Visayas and coming from the Northeast and East over the rest of the country. The coastal waters throughout the archipelago will be moderate to rough. (PIA-Caraga)[/size][/color]

SFR(A) trains more Army paratroopers

The Special Forces Regiment (Airborne) is set to train 105 officers and 6 enlisted personnel (EP) as future paratroopers with the opening of the Basic Airborne Course (BAC) Class 133-2022 at the regiment's headquarters in Fort Magsaysay, Nueva Ecija on June 14, 2022.

Bulk of the class is composed of new 2nd Lieutenants who are members of the Philippine Military Academy "Bagsik-Diwa" Class of 2022 while the six enlisted personnel came from SFR(A), Light Reaction Regiment and 7th Infantry Division. The course will be catered by Air Operations Branch of the Special Forces School and will culminate on July 8, 2022.

SFR(A) Commander Col. Ferdinand B. Napuli challenged the future paratroopers to complete the requirements of the course with flying colors. In his keynote remarks, Col. Napuli highlighted the importance of discipline and safety as emphasize in every aspect of the course.

Army Commanding General Lt. Gen. Romeo S. Brawner, Jr., give emphasis in his command guidance the need to enhance the skills and capabilities of individual soldiers and unit capabilities through the conduct of regular training exercises.

Photos:  Special Forces Regiment Airborne, Philippine Army.

#125thPhilippineArmyAnniversary
#KapayapaanParaSaLahat
#ServingthePeopleSecuringtheLand
#PhilippineArmy

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The full-year 2021 foreign direct investment (FDI) net inflows climbed to a NEW RECORD LEVEL of $10.5 billion. The 2021 level also represents a 54.2% increase from the $6.8 billion net inflows recorded in 2020. https://bit.ly/3jn0S0Z

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News: The Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) said on Tuesday that it intends to procure additional 97-meter multi-role response vessels (MRRVs) from Japan.

During a meeting with officials from Mitsubishi Heavy Industry, Shimonoseki Shipyard, and Toyota Tsusho Corporation, PCG Deputy Commandant for Operations, CG Vice Admiral Eduardo Fabricante conveyed the possibility of procuring more MRRVs modeled after the Japan Coast Guard's (JCG's) Kunigami-class ships.

READ MORE: https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/834899/pcg-looking-to-procure-more-multi-role-vessels-from-japan/story/

#DOTrPH
#CoastGuardPH
#MaritimeSectorWorks

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Palaui Island
This island is located off the northwest coast of Barangay San Vicente, Santa Ana in the Province of Cagayan. It stretches for 10 kilometers at its longest point and 5 kilometers at its widest point.

On August 28, 1994, Palaui Island was selected as a National Marine Reserve, covering an area of 7,145 hectares. The seas surrounding the island are home to 21 commercial fish species and presence of about 50 hectares of unspoiled coral. Moreover, a total of 105 species of rattan, 25 imported shrubs and 90 migratory birds are found in the island.

Northern Luzon Command, AFP through the Naval Forces Northern Luzon successfully constructed the sovereign marker on March 24, 2021 in an area visible to vessels transiting  in the country's northern maritime territory.

/: Naval Forces Northern Luzon
Hukbong Dagat Ng Pilipinas: Lakas Mula sa Karagatan, Kakampi at Tagapagtanggol ng Mamamayan

#ProtectingtheSeasSecuringOurFuture
#ModernandMultiCapablePHNavy
#AFPyoucanTRUST

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True Doctor of the Poor. Enrico Elumba was a physician who spent most of his professional life taking care of patients in the town of La Castellana. Former Negros Occidental Governor Rafael Coscolluela recalls him as a doctor who accepted anything from his poor patients. Elumba, former mayor of La Castellana town, died yesterday evening of cardiac arrest while being brought to a hospital.

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BRIEFING ON LEGISLATION
Senator-elect Robin Padilla attends a briefing on the legislative process Tuesday, June 14, 2022. Padilla topped the recent May 9 national elections, outvoting veteran senators, both incumbent and returning senators. During the briefing, entitled Executive Mentoring on Legislative Governance: Setting the tone for the first 100 Days in the 19th Congress, Padilla intently listened to the legislation officials, led by Deputy Secretary Edwin Bellen, on plenary procedures and processes in the committee level. The neophyte senator, who is advocating federal form of government, is poised to chair the Committees on Constitutional Amendments and Revision of Codes and on Social Justice, Welfare and Rural Development. Padilla is joined by Atty Demaree Raval, UN Democratic Governance Advisor. (Bibo Nueva Espana, Albert Calvelo/Senate PRIB)

#SenatePH #PhilippineSenate

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By Bohol Provincial Library
In Memoriam: Carlos Polestico Garcia, the Most Illustrious Son of Bohol, the Eighth President of the Philippines. November 4, 1896 – June 14, 1971.

#OnThisDay June 14, 1971, Carlos P. Garcia succumbed to heart failure at 5:57 p.m., at his Bohol Avenue residence in Quezon City.

Dr. Antonio Guytingco, personal physician of the President, was summoned. However, former President Garcia already died when the physician arrived. The nation mourned, Boholanos grieved for the great loss of their leader. He died in the highest service to the nation, presiding over the sovereign effort to rewrite a Filipino Constitution for the Filipino people. On his death, the Filipino nation lost a true statesman and leader, a Filipino whose greatest passion concerned, first and last, the well-being of the Filipino nation.

On June 18, 1971, CPG's remains were taken by helicopter to Bohol. Necrological services, in his honor, were rendered in the City of Tagbilaran on June 19, 1971. The remains were brought back to Manila, where President Carlos P. Garcia was interred at the Libingan ng mga Bayani, his final resting place.

Carlos Polestico Garcia, writes historian Gregorio F. Zaide, "a brilliant poet-politician from Bohol. He was a worthy successor of President Ramon Magsaysay. Of amiable personality, with high intellect and sonorous eloquence, he was a lover of democracy, a good chess player, friendly in his dealings with the people, and never vindictive to his enemies."

President CPG carried on the good policies of the late Magsaysay as he promised in his inaugural address, and implemented his own domestic and foreign policies. President CPG completed Magsaysay's unexpired term, after which he ran for his own four-year term in the presidential election of November 12, 1957. President CPG improved the conditions of the barrios, which had been neglected by former Presidents. To uplift the barrio folks to a better life, he constructed airports, dams, electric power outputs, highways and modernized transportation and communications, barrio roads and bridges, barrio artesian, irrigation systems, etc.

CPG strengthened the democracy in the Philippines. He was fair-minded and never vindictive. He respected human rights, including freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, etc. and maintained free elections.

CPG revived the Filipino culture. He encouraged the world tours of the Bayanihan Folk Dance Troupes and other Filipino folk dance groups. He sponsored the annual Republic Cultural Heritage Awards for Filipino scientists, artists, musicians, fiction writers, and historians. He particularly sent Filipino historians abroad to attend international historical conference and conduct researches in foreign archives and libraries.

CPG adopted the "Filipino First" Policy to promote greater Filipino participation in business, and to put the Filipinos in control of the economy. After which, according to the economist Alejandro Lichauco's book (1988) "Nationalist Economics," during CPG's time, the Philippines was the Tiger Economy in Asia. And by the end of his term, the Philippines was the only leading economy of Southeast Asia.

CPG created the Dr. Jose Rizal Centennial Commission to supervise the compilation of all writings of Dr. Rizal, the national hero, and the nationwide celebration of the centennial activities, including the holding of the International Congress on Rizal in Manila on December 4–8, 1961. He fostered international goodwill and friendship by state visits to Japan, the United States, South Vietnam, and Malaysia.

In the words of Senate President Gil J. Puyat: "All of these positions or distinctions were given to President Carlos P. Garcia by the people because the people felt he was a Filipino who, when given a task, consistently performed ably and with dedication. And even though he was given the opportunity to serve in various positions of distinction, one characteristic of the late President Garcia was that he never lost the common touch. He was his usual humble person, approachable and friend of all. I knew him since I was a student... he was just boarding in one of my father's houses in Intramuros."

#CarlosPolesticoGarcia
#CPG #PCPG #President
#MostIllustriousSonOfBohol
#Boholano #BolAnon
#Bohol #Philippines

References:
1. Gregorio F. Zaide, Sonia M. Zaide, History of the Republic of the Philippines, Metro Manila, 1983, 1987, p. 368
2. Gregorio C. Eronico, Sr., "Carlos P. Garcia Radiant Symbol of Filipinism His Life and Labors, 1896–1971" (1985), p. 250
3. Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines

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Getting insights from observability data such as logs and metrics is essential for managing cloud services reliably. However, managing massive observability data volumes can be expensive and complex. Luckily observability data pipelines can help IT handle large data volumes and reduce costs by processing, routing, and filtering data across teams, tools, and storage options. Should you build your own or buy?

Join Todd Persen, CEO and co-founder of Era Software, who previously co-founded Influx Data, to hear about observability data pipelines. Todd will:

Introduce observability data pipelines and common challenges for dealing with massive data volumes and distributed tools
Explain how to build and scale data pipelines efficiently
Help you get started

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The value of next generation firewall (NGFW) tools
 
Download this ebook to quickly learn the value of next generation firewall solutions. You'll also learn about two real-world successes from Club Automation and Autodesk and how they leveraged solutions available in AWS Marketplace to better enhance their cloud security.

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On This Day June 13, 1899, around 3,000 American soldiers led by Major General Henry W. Lawton and around 5,000 Filipinos commanded by Generals Artemio Ricarte and Mariano Noriel engaged in one of the bloodiest and largest battles of the Philippine–American War in Zapote, Cavite. It is also known as the Battle of Zapote River or Battle of Zapote Bridge.

The Battle of Zapote River was part of the armed scouting by the U.S. Army between Manila Bay and Laguna de Bay that commenced on June 9, 1899, to rid the countryside of Filipino Army rebellion against the American forces. On the early morning of June 13, 1899, at the portion of the river, the U.S. Infantry Regiment were scouting the area when they were ambushed by about 1,000 Filipinos. Then, fierce fighting ensued against Filipinos armed with Remington and Mauser rifles. The bridge was not fordable as one span had been removed, and its wooden replacement had burned down. The rest of both armies soon joined the fighting, which expanded beyond the bridge.

Fuming in anger and sulking in his tent, Major General Lawton reorganized his troops. With the support of American gunboats, he stormed the Filipino fortifications at Zapote River. The battle raged the whole day, during which time General Elwell Stephen Otis had to send more reinforcements and ammunition to the front. By nightfall, the Filipinos, lacking of better arms and ammunition, abandoned their positions and fled. According to the reported aftermath by the U.S. War Department, both sides suffered heavily: the Americans suffered 14 killed in action with 61 wounded in action, and the Filipinos suffered 150 deaths and 375 wounded.*

The war was not a record of continuous American victories, for there were cases in which the Filipinos registered military triumphs. The American prestige suffered a serious blow on December 19, 1899, when Major General Henry W. Lawton, a splendid soldier and veteran of the American Civil War, was killed by General Licerio Geronimo's men in the battle of San Mateo (now province of Rizal).

Consequently, the Filipino patriots instituted guerrilla warfare, and divided the country into military zones, each zone under a guerrilla commander. The Filipino patriots excelled in this method of fighting. Knowing the terrain of their country very well, they fought in scattered bands, harassing the American outposts at night and ambushing enemy patrols in the hills. The guerrilla warfare was successful, and it kept the war going on until the Filipinos surrendered to the American forces in 1902.

Sources and References:
1. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office (PCDSPO)
2. Manuel D. Duldulao, A Century of Philippine Legislature, Experience Philippines, Quezon City, Vol. I, p. 45
3. Philippine Almanac Book of Facts, 1986 Edition, Aurora Publications, p. 34
4. Gregorio F. Zaide, Jose Rizal, Life, Works, and Writings, Department of History, Far Eastern University, Manila, September 21, 1957, pp. 270–271
5. Wikimedia Commons
*VFW Magazine and U.S. War Dept. (1900) p. 281

#BattleOfZapoteRiver
#BattleOfZapoteBridge
#ZapoteRiver #ZapoteBridge
#Zapote #Cavite #Battle
#PhilippineAmericanWar
#PhilippineHistory
#BoholProvincialLibraryDigital

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PAF CONDUCTS FLY-BY TO COMMEMORATE 124TH INDEPENDENCE DAY

Over thirty (30) air assets of the Philippine Air Force participated in the 124th Independence day celebration on June 12, 2022 at the Luneta Park in Manila to honor and commemorate the independence of the Philippines.

FA-50 Fighter Jets conducted high-speed opener pass, while SF-260 and T-41 Trainer Aircraft; and AW-109 and S-70i Blackhawk Helicopters conducted Fly-By exercise.

READ MORE: https://www.paf.mil.ph/news-articles/paf-conducts-fly-commemorate-124th-independence-day

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After his one term as the 6th president of the United States, John Quincy Adams served 18 years in Congress and lived to age 80. None of that would have happened had things gone a little differently on this date in 1825.

Adams went swimming in the Potomac River every summer from 1818, when he was 50, until 1846, when he was 79. He would usually awake between 4 and 5 a.m., walk two miles to the river, then strip naked and swim, often for an hour or more, usually accompanied by one of his sons, or by his valet Antoine Guista.

Despite the objections of his wife and doctor, at age 57 he decided to try swimming entirely across the river, a distance he estimated at about a mile. It took him an hour and a half, but on August 25, 1824, he and his son John swam all the way across, being trailed by Antoine in a boat "to take us in had we met any insuperable difficulty."

On June 13, 1825, less than three months after being sworn in as president, Adams decided to cross the Potomac by canoe and swim back. His son John took a look at the canoe, declared it unsafe, and said he'd just swim over from the north shore and meet Adams halfway across the river as he swam back. "I thought the boat safe enough," Adams later wrote, "or rather persisted carelessly in going without paying due attention to its condition; gave my watch to my son; made a bundle of my coat and waistcoat to take in the boat with me; put off my shoes, and was paddled by Antoine, who had stripped himself entirely naked."

The canoe was leaking and filling with water when, about halfway across the river, a sudden storm blew over. The little boat was swamped, and Adams and Antoine jumped into the river. Being naked, Antoine had no trouble making it to the shore. But Adams was still partially dressed, wearing his shoes and his shirt, the sleeves of which "hung like two fifty-six-pound weights upon my arms." With great difficulty, Adams eventually made it to shore. His son John, who had become alarmed, swam all the way across the river and found his father on the shore, half-dressed and exhausted. "This incident gave me a humiliating lesson and solemn warning not to trifle with danger," Adams wrote.

As news of the mishap made its way around Washington, it evolved into a rumor that the president had drowned. Worried that their son George would hear the rumor, First Lady Louisa Adams dashed off a letter to him: "As it is possible my dear George that you may hear a rumour that your father was drowned I hasten to write you a few lines to assure you that he is safe although he did run some risk this morning in one of his swimming expeditions. ... The affair is altogether ridiculous as it turned out but might have been fatal to your Mother's future peace."

Although he didn't try any more challenging cross-river swims, Adams continued to swim in the Potomac until deep into his old age, reporting in his diary that two days after his 79th birthday he went down to his "old bathing spot," took off his clothes, and jumped in the river for a half-hour swim. As he was swimming, Adams noticed three young men in the river who he did not know. One of them pointed at the old man and said, "There is John Quincy Adams."

He died of a stroke in February 1848, at age 80.

The photo is of Adams in 1843, at age 76.

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From Scaleway: We just launched Observability in Private Beta. Get the best cloud experience without worrying about bugs and downtime: Scaleway Observability is a single solution to monitor and get alerts over all your metrics, logs, (and traces) in one place. You can request access to the Private Beta now.

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Optimizing websites is not just about getting those visitors to your website. It is also about serving them the best user experience and keeping them on your website. Or even better, seduce that visitor to subscribe to your newsletter or buy your products!
Get ready to optimize your site's speed, write awesome content and improve the accessibility of your site. Make sure your site is mobile-friendly and don't forget to analyze the results of your efforts. That's what great user experience is like!

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The Department of Science and Technology - Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (DOST-PCHRD) is holding the Talakayang HeaRT (Health Research and Technology) Beat media and press conference on 17 June 2022 from 10AM to 12 PM via Zoom Video Conference. This will feature updates on the PCHRD-supported project eHATID and the accomplishments of the project team.

To participate in this press conference, register through this link: bit.ly/THBJune17_Reg. 

In addition, you may send in your advance questions through this link: bit.ly/THBJune17_AdvanceQs. The advanced questions will be given priority during the event so we highly encourage that you send them on or before 16 June 2022, 3PM.

Click HERE for the briefer materials for your reference.
Should you have any questions or concerns, please do not hesitate to contact us through email (ambacarra@pchrd.dost.gov.ph).

Thank you very much and we hope to see you online!

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news.mikeligalig.com

Repost from Facebook
Today we launched DTI's Shared Service facility on Garments Production @ TESDA Training Center in Brgy Tinagacan, General Santos City.
2.1M worth of equipment consisting of :
*1 unit Industrial 10 - needle Embroidery Machine -with lay-out software and training
*10 units Single Needle Straight Sewing Machine
*3 units Round Cutting Machines
*3 units Zigzag Sewing Machine
*3 units Edging Machine
*3 units piping machine
*5 units Handloom Machine
are now available for the use of our TESDA scholars in our incoming trainings.
We  were joined by Mr. Jude Constantine  S. Jaugan-Regional Director DTI XII,  Mr. El Cid  H. Castillo-Provincial Director TESDA Sargen, Mr. Jerson M. Franco - Administrator TESDA Training Center, Hon. Jeffrey Salanio, Brgy. Captain of Brgy. Tinagacan together members of Barangay Council, Mr. Marvin Genita-OIC Division Chief DTI GSC, Mr. Aljon F. Balanag- TESDA Specialist II, Kag. Mac Tablazon, Kag. Edgar Acharon and Marilou Tan.
Our utmost gratitude to the Regional Director of DTI.

#MovingForward2022

news.mikeligalig.com

BFP-Province of Davao Oriental and Mati City Fire Station joined the 124th Philippine Independence Day Celebration earlier this morning at Mati City Hall Grounds. The celebration commemorates the sacrifices of our heroes who selflessly fought for our freedom.

news.mikeligalig.com

June 11, 1928: Her Majesty the late Queen Fabiola of the Belgians was born Doña Fabiola de Mora y Aragón into an aristocratic family in Madrid, Spain (her father was the 4th Marqués de Casa Riera and 2nd Count of Mora). She became Queen of the Belgians when she married King Baudouin in 1960; as they remained childless the throne passed to his brother Prince Albert when the King died in 1993.

Queen Fabiola passed away in 2014 at 86 years old, a much-beloved member of the Belgian Royal Family. She was the aunt of the current monarch King Philippe.

Queen Fabiola Bio via The Belgian Monarchy: https://www.monarchie.be/en/queen-fabiola-0

#HouseOfSaxeCoburgGotha #QueenFabiola #Belgium #TodayInHistory

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Introducing the all-new 12th Generation Fujitsu LIFEBOOK series to provide business customers with the perfect hybrid work experience.

Among the whole new LIFEBOOK family, the LIFEBOOK U7312 is a slim and portable notebook weighing only 1.05 kg, making it ideal for hybrid work style. It also provides multiple interfaces to avoid disruption of work due to connection problems.  You can also protect your eyesight and improve work efficiency with an anti-glare touch screen and wireless internet access.  The leading-edge Fujitsu PalmSecure biometric authentication system also protects against unauthorized access and keeps important data safe.

Get Quote: https://site.fujitsu-business.com/pricing
Learn More: https://bit.ly/3h1keHD

#Windows10Pro #Windows11Pro #madeinjapan #laptop #notebook #lifebook #u7312 #fujitsu #u9312

*Upgrade timing may vary by device. Features and app availability may vary by region. Certain features require specific hardware (see aka.ms/windows11-spec).

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Intensified Interdiction Efforts at Dao Integrated Bus Terminal, Tagbilaran City, Bohol

On June 11, 2022, joint elements of PDEA VII Bohol Provincial Office and PDEA 7 K9 Unit with NDDs Uno and Hyper conducted profiling and visibility operations and random K9 inspection at Dao Integrated Bus Terminal, Dao, Tagbilaran City, Bohol.

This is part of the Agency's intensified campaign to interdict drug couriers passing through the bus terminals in Bohol.

#PDEAtopstories
#PDEAcares
#BarangayPDEA
#DGWilkinsVillanueva
#IsumbongMoKayWilkins
#PDEAParaSaPilipino
#WaisIwasDroga
#PADS
#PADSulong
#WarOnDrugsIsNotAFailure

PDEA Top Stories
Wilkins M Villanueva  PDEA Director General
PDEA Regional Office VII
Make Central Visayas Insurgency Free

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️ | HIMARS Demonstration in Laoag City

The Philippine Marine Corps and the U.S. Marine Corps Forces, Pacific (Pacific Marines) conducted a capacity enhancement training on the High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS) Rapid Infiltration (HIRAIN) on June 8, 2022 at the Laoag International Airport.

The Philippine Air Force also participated in the demonstration, which was witnessed by Laoag City Mayor Michael Marcos Keon and representatives from the Presidential Commission on Visiting Forces Agreement led by Mr. Bryce Advincula.

See the full story from the Philippine Marine Corps here: https://www.facebook.com/299898630830047/posts/1175600893259812/

/: Philippine Marine Corps

Hukbong Dagat Ng Pilipinas: Lakas Mula sa Karagatan, Kakampi at Tagapagtanggol ng Mamamayan

#FriendsPartnersAllies
#NavyPartnerships
#ProtectingtheSeasSecuringOurFuture
#PHMarinesCorps
#ModernandMultiCapablePHNavy
#AFPyoucanTRUST

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Today in Philippine History
JUNE 12, 1898
With a government in operation, General Emilio Aguinaldo thought that it was necessary to declare the independence of the Philippines. He believed that such a move would inspire the people to fight more eagerly against the Spaniards and at the same time, lead the foreign countries to recognize the independence of the country. Mabini, who had by now been made Aguinaldo's unofficial adviser, objected. He based his objection on the fact that it was more important to reorganize the government in such a manner as to convince the foreign powers of the competence and stability of the new government than to proclaim Philippine independence at such an early period. Aguinaldo, however, stood his ground and won.
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On June 12, between four and five in the afternoon, Aguinaldo, in the presence of a huge crowd, proclaimed the independence of the Philippines at Cavite el Viejo (Kawit, Cavite). For the first time, the Philippine National Flag, made in Hongkong by Mrs. Marcela Agoncillo, assisted by Lorenza Agoncillo and Delfina Herboza, was officially hoisted and the Philippine National March played in public. The Act of the Declaration of Independence was prepared by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, who also read it. A passage in the Declaration reminds one of another passage in the American Declaration of Independence. The Philippine Declaration was signed by ninety-eight persons, among them an American army officer who witnessed the proclamation. The proclamation of Philippine independence was, however, promulgated on August 1 when many towns has already been organized under the riles laid down by the Dictatorial Government.

Excerpts from "History of the Filipino People" by Teodoro A. Agoncillo

★The Act of Declaration of Philippine Independence
https://filipino.biz.ph/history/declaration.html

info source: filipino.biz.ph

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PRESS RELEASE
Authority: PCPT CHUCKSTAIRE H. FEGI
Releasing Officer: PLT VINCENT ERNIE C LUGA
Drafter: PCpl John Reil C Nogodula
Sarangani Municipal Police Station
Brgy Mabila, Sarangani Davao Occidental
Press Release No: 2022-06-12-50
Date:  June 12, 2022

Municipality of Sarangani joined the celebration of 124th Anniversary of the Proclamation of the Philippine Independence Day.

       Sarangani, Davao Occidental, June 12, 2022 The Municipality of Sarangani headed by Hon. Virginia T Cawa Municipal Mayor joined the celebration of 124th Anniversary of the Proclamation of the Philippine Independence day with the theme "Kalayaan 2022; Pagsulong sa Hamon ng Panibagong Bukas (Rise Towards the Challenge of a New Begining) with a simple flag raising and wreath-laying ceremony spearheaded by Sarangani Municipal Police Station led by PCPT CHUCKSTAIRE H FEGI Officer In-charge with the  active support of MLGOO headed by Jane Marie Hugos, Balut Island,Sarangani Maritime Police precinct led by PMSg Roger M. Agodania, Philippine Coast Guard led by CG ENS JEFFERSON R RODAS,DEPED Sarangani headed by Jefry B. Bagongon District Principal In-Charge 920 Marine company reserve unit led by SSgt Ivy Grace Kiana Muslim Community headed by USTADZ SADAP K AMINULLAH, Datu Abednigo K Tiawin IPMR Kabataan Kontra Droga at Terorismo members. Araw ng Kalayaan or freedom day is celebrated annually on June 12 to commemorate the declaration of Philippine Independence from Spain in 1898. this year's celebration on June 12,2022 marks the 124th Anniversary of this National Day of remembrance. The commemoration aims to promote patriotism or love of country and preserve and memorialize Filipino heroes' principles, ideals, and valor throughout history. said activity was successfully ended with fruitful result.

news.mikeligalig.com

12 0900H June 2022, Polomolok South Cotabato.

Polomolok Fire Station headed by SINSP RICHARD G VISITACION actively participated in our countries nationwide celebration of Independence Day. Looking back on June 12, 1898, then first president Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed our independence from the 300 year Spanish rule in Kawit Cavite, raising the Philippine Flag and the Philippine National Anthem played for the first time.
Since then and until the present we commemorate said heroic act that gave birth to our very own existence as FILIPINOS.
Polomolok Fire Station personnel participated LGU's flag raising ceremony at 0700H with Philippine National Police, LGU Employees, and military reservist personnel. Afterwhich, at about 0900H a flag was also raised in the station and the Philippine National Anthem sang together with some by-standers.

http://www.facebook.com/nhcp1933.

#PolomolokFireStation
#ArawNgKalayaan
#BumbeHero

news.mikeligalig.com

June 8, 1337: Isabella of Majorca was born to King Jaime III and his first wife Constance of Aragón. She succeeded to the titles and pretensions for the Kingdom of Majorca, as well as the actual lands, from her brother King Jaime IV, but she was captured with her brother and stepmother by her uncle King Pedro IV of Aragon after the battle in which her father was killed. She was unable at any point to mount a serious attempt to regain her claimed territories, instead finally selling her rights to Majorca to Duke Louis I of Anjou in exchange for an annual annuity of twelve hundred pounds, a one time payment of five thousand francs, and a place at the Château and de la Châtellenie de Gallargues.

https://www.historyofroyalwomen.com/the-royal-women/isabella-majorca-last-titular-queen-majorca/

#QueenIsabella #Majorca #Spain #TodayInHistory

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ARMY NEWS
Philippine Army Alakdan Division receives new mobility assets

The 11th Infantry "Alakdan" Division (11ID) received the second batch of newly-acquired mobility assets that will bolster its operational requirements in a blessing ceremony in Camp Teodulfo Bautista, Jolo, Sulu on June 6, 2022. 

The Headquarters Philippine Army issued to 11ID nine Dong Feng medium troop carriers; two units of Sinotruk AS-91 field ambulances; a unit of dental bus; four Dong Feng SS-89 light troop carriers; two units of van ambulance; a Hi-Ace commuter deluxe; nine units of Mitsubishi Strada 4x4 AT pick-up; two units of Mitsubishi Montero 4x4 MT; and five Kawasaki Bajaj 150cc motorcycles.

The delivery of the new mobility assets to the Alakdan Division is part of Army Commanding General Lt. Gen. Romeo S. Brawner, Jr.'s, thrust to push down much-needed resources to bolster mission-effectiveness of ground forces nationwide.

For more details, see:   https://web.facebook.com/AlakdanDivision/posts/384650873696117?_rdc=1&_rdr

#125thPhilippineArmyAnniversary
#KapayapaanParaSaLahat
#ServingthePeopleSecuringtheLand
#PhilippineArmy
#ParaSaBayan

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By WebMD
Dostarlimab, an experimental cancer drug, appears to have cured every patient in its clinical trial in the US.

After taking Dostarlimab for six months, the 12 patients with rectal cancer entered remission, according to a study in The New England Journal of Medicine.

After the patients stopped the medication, the cancer had vanished, undetectable by physical exam, endoscopy, PET or MRI scans.

Unlike chemo drugs, there were no significant side-effects reported.

"This is the first time this has happened in the history of cancer," said oncologist Dr. Luis Diaz, the paper's lead author.

Dostarlimab unmasks cancer cells so that the immune system can identify and destroy them.

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General James Kemper was badly wounded in Pickett's Charge, but he was carried back to Confederate lines and became the only one of Pickett's three brigade commanders to survive the charge. Born and raised in Madison County, Virginia, before the war Kemper was a lawyer and a politician. He had been in the militia and had served an uneventful stint as a volunteer during the Mexican War, and that was the limit of his military experience before the War. When it began, he was serving as Speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates.

His wound incapacitated Kemper from further field command, so he saw no combat after Gettysburg. When the War ended, he was commanding the Virginia Reserve Forces. General Kemper was paroled in Danville on May 2, 1865.

After the War, Kemper returned to Madison County and eventually re-entered politics. When Reconstruction ended in Virginia he ran for Governor, winning election easily in 1873. At the time of his election, he was a widower with six children.

During Kemper's term in office Virginia had little state revenue and faced extremely difficult budget challenges. With state funds so scarce, Kemper cut his own budget to the bone. He made one of his children serve as his secretary. While not a progressive, as governor he drew the ire of more strident conservatives. Kemper insisted on enforcing the civil rights guaranteed in the constitution, he worked to increase funding for schools (for both races) and to reform and improve prisons, and he insisted that Virginia's state debts must be paid, even if they had been incurred during Reconstruction.  Hardliners such as Jubal Early criticized Kemper for meeting with President Grant and seeking to attract Northern capital into the state. After Kemper vetoed a bill that would have removed the duly elected city government of Republican-controlled Petersburg (where a number of the elected officials were black), reactionary conservatives burned him in effigy. Kemper was also criticized for allowing a black militia unit to participate in the dedication of the Stonewall Jackson monument in Richmond.

When his term in office ended, Kemper returned to Madison County and resumed his law practice. As he grew older the pain and complications from his wound at Gettysburg worsened. He had been shot in the abdomen—a wound that was inoperable in those days—and the bullet remained in him the rest of his life. He suffered increasingly disabling groin pain and, eventually, became paralyzed in his left side. On April 7, 1895 at age 71, he died of complications from the wound he had received at Gettysburg over 30 years earlier.

James Lawson Kemper was born on June 11, 1823, one hundred ninety-nine years ago today.

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Highway Patrol Group (HPG). This group enforces the traffic laws and regulations, promote safety along the highways, enhances traffic safety consciousness through inter-agency cooperation concerning Police Traffic Safety Engineering, Traffic Safety Education and Traffic Law enforcement functions and develops reforms in the crime prevention aspect against all forms of lawlessness committed along National Highway involving the use of motor vehicles.

Source: officialgazette.gov.ph

To know more about Highway Patrol Group please visit their official website: hpg.pnp.gov.ph

#PNPKakampiMo
#WeServeAndProtect

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TOWARDS QUALITY EDUCATION | The launching of the newly transformed National Educators Academy of the Philippines (NEAP) Building started with a native ritual inside Teachers Camp, Baguio City with Department of Education (DepEd) officials led by Undersecretary Nepomuceno Malaluan and City Officials  Mayor Benjamin Magalong and Congressman Mark Go represented by his daughter Charisse Go.

The upgraded and modernized Training Facility will be well-equipped for both face-to-face and online training for teachers.

DepEd Secretary Leonor Briones, in a video message, cited the importance of the training facility for the up skilling and re-skilling of our teachers who are in the forefront of bringing quality education to Filipino children.

Briones also assured that along with the NEAP facility, there is also the professional development program with more enriched and productive training packages.

#SulongEdukalidad

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iCareClean's journey with Verizon Small Business Digital Ready
 
iCareClean, founded by Erick Casillas and Jose Alvarez, is a commercial cleaning company in Los Angeles. Before joining the program, Erick and Jose were struggling to meet new customers and increase their brand awareness. 

After taking two Verizon Small Business Digital Ready courses and applying for and winning a $10k grant, they were able to put the funding towards marketing, extra equipment, and staff salaries – – and have successfully grown their customer base.

"The marketing course was very helpful as it showed us how to reach new customers through this pandemic."

Erick Casillas, co-founder, iCareClean

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San Fernando, Pampanga 1945

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Sa araw na ito noong 1899, dalawang sulat ang ipinadala kay Pangulong Emilio Aguinaldo mula sa Pilipinong manunulat at repormistang si Mariano Ponce na nakabase sa Yokohama, Japan bilang kinatawan ng Pilipinas sa Japan. Nakasaad sa mga sulat ni Mariano Ponce na limang opisyal na militar ng Imperial Japan ang pinili nang mabuti ni Ponce para makapaglingod sa hukbong Pilipino laban sa Estados Unidos. Sinabi rin ni Ponce kay Aguinaldo sa nasabing sulat na nakahanda silang ibigay ang kanilang serbisyo sa Unang Republika.

Ayon rin sa kanya, masusi niyang pinili ang limang Hapones para maglingkod nang boluntaryo sa ating hukbo, at siya rin ang sumagot ng pamasahe ng limang Hapones at ang allowance ng mga ito papuntang Pilipinas. Ito ay sina Kapitan Tei Hara, Shintetsu Nishiuchi, Saburo Nakamori, Asahiro Inatomi, at Keizo Miyai. Si Kapitan Hara ang pinakapinuno ng limang Hapones na boluntaryong ito, at ayon sa mga talâ sa kasaysayan, dati na siyang nakipaglaban sa China noong unang Sino-Japanese War noong 1894, at nakapaglingod sa ilalim ng pamumuno ni Heneral Tomas Mascardo noong panahon ng rebolusyon. Sa lahat ng lima, si Kapitan Hara ang pinakamasigasig na boluntaryong Hapones na naglingkod sa ating bansa noong panahon ng digmaan laban sa Amerika, bago bumalik sa Japan ang limang mga Hapones na ito pagkabagsak ng pamahalaan ni Aguinaldo. Bago mamatay noong 1933 ay sinabi ni Hara sa kanyang mga kapatid na hintayin ang kalayaan ng Pilipinas, at ipaalam iyon sa kanyang libingan.

Mula pa noong panahon ng rebolusyong Pilipino, nakita na ng Pilipinas ang bansang Japan na noo'y papausbong na isang makapangyarihang bansang Asyano bilang kasangga nila laban sa kolonyalismong kanluranin, bagama't tumanggi ang ilang mga Hapones na lumahok sa rebolusyon kontra Espanya. Sa mga huling taon ng ika-20 siglo, naging kanlungan ng mga tagapagtaguyod ng Pan-Asyanismo at kalayaan ng mga bansang Asyano mula sa mga kanluranin ang Japan, kung saan nakabase ang ilan sa mga Tsino, Koreano at Pilipinong nagsusulong ng nasabing ideya gaya ni Sun Yat Sen, Artemio Ricarte at si Mariano Ponce. Inatasan rin ni Pangulong Aguinaldo si Ponce na makabili ng mga karagdagang armas at bala mula Japan, na hindi na nakarating sa ating bansa dahil natamaan ng isang bagyo sa Taiwan.

Sanggunian:
• The Philippines Today (2020).
https://thephilippinestoday.com/june-8/

#SulyapSaNakaraan
#EmilioAguinaldo #MarianoPonce
#PhilippineHistory #SocSciclopedia

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ONE (1) LOCAL STAFF MEMBER
At Japan Information & Culture Center
Minimum Requirements

College graduate with a bachelor's degree in any field

Excellent command of oral and written in English (capable of drafting and revising letters, formal speeches, reports, briefings, and minutes of the meeting in English)

Proficiency in oral and written Japanese is a strong asset

Hardworking, multi-tasking, organized and responsible personality

Proficiency in Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word

More than 3 years work experience preferred

Interested applicants must submit a CV with a recent photograph (taken within 3 months), NBI clearance (may be submitted at a later date), and a 500-word essay with the topic "The Role of Press Relations in Strengthening Japan-Philippines Ties." Submit all documents via e-mail to jicc-mnl@ma.mofa.go.jp with the subject line "Local Staff Application" on or before June 19, 2022. Submission of physical documents, whether in person or via courier, will not be accepted.
 
Only applicants who have passed the first screening will be informed of the details of the written exam, which will be held around July 13 (subject to change).
Embassy of Japan (JICC)
2627 Roxas Boulevard, Pasay City, 1300
E-mail: jicc-mnl@ma.mofa.go.jp

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On June 10, 1863, General Crispulo Aguinaldo was born in Cavite. Finishing his bachelor's degree at Colegio de San Juan de Letran, he was a Mason and eventually joined the Katipunan. Aguinaldo became a veteran of key battles in Cavite, including Binakayan, Perez Dasmariñas, and Salitran, among others.

He was said to have been present in the Tejeros Convention, after which he would inform his brother Emilio Aguinaldo of the election results. Earlier, Colonel Vicente Riego de Dios had already gone to Emilio, but failed to bring back the latter. While Emilio did not wish to leave the battlefield at Pasong Santol, where the Spanish offensive was threatening, Crispulo persuaded him to assume office by taking command of the Filipino troops there.

"Turn over to me this command and the Spaniard will take the line only over my dead body," Crispulo told his brother.

Emilio, meanwhile, hoped he could still help the situation at Pasong Santol. After taking his oath in Tanza, he sought reinforcements for Crispulo's troops. When the reinforcements did not arrive in Pasong Santol, Emilio Aguinaldo suspected Andres Bonifacio and Artemio Ricarte of diverting the forces he sent, citing the rift from the Tejeros Convention. Only one Magdiwang commander, Ariston Villanueva, reached the field in time. Seeing the divisive atmosphere, Emilio decided to retain his title in the Magdalo (Pangulong Digma) instead of using the one decided at Tejeros (Presidente).

On the part of Ricarte, meanwhile, he noted that a number of Magdalo and Magdiwang leaders heeded the protests in the aftermath of Tejeros. To recall, Bonifacio and his supporters issued the "Acta de Tejeros", declaring that the elections were not conducted fairly and they intended to nullify the convention's outcome.

At least one contemporary account attested that the Magdiwang leaders in particular saw it  unfair to fight within Magdalo territory, while their sacrifice was not reciprocated in their own towns, an observation reflected in the Acta de Tejeros. It remains unclear, however, if the Magdiwang leaders acted upon Bonifacio's or Ricarte's orders for the case of Pasong Santol. Considering the precarious political setup, the possibility of individual revolutionary leaders deciding on their own could not be discounted.

As if prophetic of the events to come, Crispulo died with 300 other slain Filipino defenders at the Battle of Pasong Santol on March 24, 1897. The Spanish victories in Cavite continued. Learn more about the Philippine Revolution: https://history-ph.blogspot.com/2017/05/bonifacio.html

Follow on Facebook, Twitter, and Tiktok: @historyphils

#FilipinoHistorian #History #TodayInHistory #OnThisDay #Aguinaldo #Bonifacio #Ricarte #Tejeros #Kalayaan #Freedom #Independence

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☞Drive, He Said...
☞Today in History -- On today's date 113 years ago, Wednesday, June 9, 1909, pioneering American female motorist Alice Huyler Ramsey (1886-1983) departed from Hell's Gate in Manhattan on her quest to become the first woman to drive a horseless carriage across the United States from coast to coast. Only six years had passed since Dr. Horatio Nelson Jackson (1872-1955) had famously made the very first successful cross-country automobile journey in 1903.

☞Ramsey, a 22-year-old housewife & mother from Hackensack, New Jersey drove a green Maxwell 30 automobile on her 3,800-mile journey. On her 59-day trek, she was accompanied by two older sisters-in-law & another female friend -- none of whom could drive a car. They arrived at San Francisco, California amidst great fanfare on August 7, 1909.

☞Alice Ramsey's drive was intended as a publicity stunt for the Maxwell-Briscoe Company of Tarrytown, New York -- the manufacturer of the Maxwell 30. The women used maps from the American Automobile Association, which had been founded on March 4, 1901, to make the journey. Only 152 of the 3,600 miles they traveled were paved. Over the course of the drive, Ramsey changed eleven tires, cleaned the spark plugs, repaired a broken brake pedal, & had to sleep in the car when it was stuck in mud.

☞Along the way, the intrepid motorists crossed the trail of a manhunt for a fugitive killer in Nebraska. They were pestered by bedbugs in a Wyoming hotel, & whilst travelling through Nevada they were surrounded by a Native American hunting party with bows & arrows drawn.

☞During the remainder of her lifetime, Alice Ramsey made at least 30 more trips across the North American continent -- never sharing the driving responsibility with her husband John, who never learned to drive a car.

☞In 1960, Alice Ramsey was named "Woman Motorist of the Century" by the American Automobile Association, & the Automobile Manufacturers Association named her the "First Lady of Automotive Travel."

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On This Day - June 9, 1863 – As the Army of Northern Virginia, under the command of General Robert E. Lee, started moving northward to take the war to the Union (a move that would eventually end at Gettysburg, PA), General J.E.B. Stuart was tasked to use the Confederate cavalry to screen this movement from Union scouts. But the Federals soon learned of a large rebel presence in area around Culpeper Court House, near a train depot named "Brandy Station." Two Union cavalry corps, numbering some 11,000 men were dispatched as a "reconnaissance in force" when it clashed with Stuart's 9,000 man mounted force. This set the stage for the largest cavalry engagement ever fought on the North American continent.

Perhaps the toughest fighting of the day occurred when the 6th Pennsylvania Cavalry collided with 10th Virginia Cavalry. In a scene reminiscent of a movie, there was a swirling melee as sabers flashed and dust was kicked up by injured and frightened horses. The 10th Virginia was about to give way when the 9th Virginia Cavalry galloped into the fray and caused so much damage to the 6th PA that it pulled back to regroup.

The type of combat experienced by these three units was repeated in numerous encounters over an area of several square miles as nearly 20,000 men and horses charged into each other much as waves clash onto a beach, only to recede to regroup and charge again. At the end of the day the Confederates held the ground but the Union cavalry, which up to this point in the war had proved ineffective against the rebels, held its own in most of the engagement. The number of Union dead was 852 while the Confederates lost 515 men. Thousands of horses were killed or injured and had to be destroyed.

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June 9, 1424: Blanche II, Queen of Navarre, was born in Olite to King Juan II of Aragón and Queen Blanche I of Navarre. Their eldest daughter, she married the future Enrique IV of Castile in 1440, making her the Princess of Asturias. The marriage was never consummated and was annulled in 1453. After her older brother's death in 1461, she was considered the new heir to Navarre, but her father, who had pretty effectively seized the throne, had already had her incarcerated on her return from Castile, making it almost impossible for her to press her claim.

https://www.historyofroyalwomen.com/blanche-ii-of-navarre/blanche-ii-navarre/

#BlancheII #Navarre #TodayInHistory

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The Last Wishes of Alexander The Great

On his death bed, Alexander summoned his army generals and told them his three ultimate wishes:

#1. The best doctors should carry his coffin...

#2. The wealth he has accumulated (money, gold, precious stones) should be scattered along the procession to the cemetery...

#3. His hands should be let loose, so they hang outside the coffin for all to see!!

One of his generals who was surprised by these unusual requests asked Alexander to explain.

Here is what Alexander the Great had to say:

#1. "I want the best doctors to carry my coffin to demonstrate that in the face of death, even the best doctors in the world have no power to heal .."

#2. "I want the road to be covered with my treasure so that everybody sees that material wealth acquired on earth, will stay on earth..."

#3. I want my hands to swing in the wind, so that people understand that we come to this world empty handed and we leave this world empty handed after the most precious treasure of all is exhausted, and that is: TIME.

We do not take to our grave any material wealth. TIME is our most precious treasure because it is LIMITED. We can produce more wealth, but we cannot produce more TIME.

When we give someone our time, we actually give a portion of our life that we will never take back.

Source Unknown

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142 years ago today in 1880, despite not running or seeking the nomination, Congressman James A Garfield is nominated as the presidential candidate for the Republican Party in a brokered convention.

Garfield was born in Ohio in 1831. He was a staunch abolitionist and when the Civil War broke out, he joined the Union army. He achieved the rank of brigadier general and served with distinction throughout the war. To his surprise, during the war, he was also elected to Congress in 1863, where he would begin his 20 year career there.

Keeping a promise made during the 1876 campaign, current President Rutherford B. Hayes did not seek re-election and the Republican Party had a competitive primary. The most influential faction within the Republican Party was known as the "Stalwarts" and it was led by a New York Senator named Roscoe Conkling who had a powerful political machine. Conkling controlled a lot of patronage and was essentially a kingmaker in the party. He was unhappy with the two leading candidates, Senators James G. Blaine and John Sherman(brother of Civil War General William Tecumseh Sherman). He decided to support former president Ulysses S. Grant for an unprecedented third term and was confident that the delegates and nation would love to have the war hero in office again.

The convention started on June 2nd, and with both being from Ohio, Garfield supported Sherman and was to give his nomination speech. But it became clear that the Republicans were going to have issues selecting a nominee when Grant could not get enough votes(379) on the first day.  For the next 6 days, averaging around 30 ballots a day, no one could achieve the threshold to win the nomination. With dozens of ballots every day, Garfield's name had been tossed in as a protest vote, but he was not worried about it getting traction. However, with each ballot cast, the delegates slowly began to turn against Grant and the Conkling political machine. As Garfield realized what was happening, he screamed at his peers to not vote for him. But it was too late, the delegates were tired of being told what to do by political machines and went with a dark horse candidate. Garfield was shocked, and in attempt to heal the fractured party, he selected one of Conkling's friends, Chester A Arthur, as his Vice Presidential nominee.

Garfield did not actively campaign during the election, and instead simply held interviews at his home known as a "front porch campaign." Garfield ran against another Union war hero, Winfield Scott Hancock. Garfield beat Hancock in the smallest popular-vote victory ever recorded but won a decisive victory in the electoral college. Achieving the sixth consecutive presidential election won by the Republican Party. In an era of political scandals and corruption, the American people fell in love with the man who didn't even want the job.

Garfield's unexpected presidency would soon become a tragedy.  Barely 4 months after his inauguration, a mentally ill, disgruntled office-seeker named Charles J. Guiteau shot Garfield in the back with a revolver. Garfield was a stocky man and the bullet wound was not life-threatening. But medical pioneer Joseph Lister's "germ theory" was highly debated and rejected in the American medical community. Doctors on scene immediately began probing Garfield's wound with their dirty hands.

The doctor in charge of the President's care was Willard Bliss, he was a petty and competitive man rejecting help from other physicians. He was obsessed with finding and removing the bullet from the President, painfully probing the wound every day for over two months. Garfield's wound became infected, and he grew sicker each passing week. The stout ~200 pound President wasted away to 130 pounds as the infection rotted his entire body.

Towards the end of his life, Bliss eventually accepted the help of famous inventor Alexander Graham Bell who invented the first metal-detector to find the bullet inside the President, but it would be too late. Understanding he was going to die, Garfield demanded the treatment stop and that he would like to go see the ocean on the Atlantic coast before he died. In an emotional ceremony, hundreds of volunteers constructed a makeshift railroad line to get the President to New Jersey and fulfilled his final wish. While he was the 2nd U.S. President to be assassinated, Garfield's death shocked and deeply upset the nation who considered the 1st assassination of Lincoln to be a fluke from an insurrection/civil war.

When Charles Guiteau was apprehended at the scene he shouted "I did it. I will go to jail for it. I am a Stalwart and Arthur will be President!" This led to newspapers and the nation scorning Chester A Arthur who was a protégé of Roscoe Conkling's Stalwart political machine. Arthur would even nominate Conkling to the Supreme Court, but he had to refuse it because of all the negative publicity. Despite many accusations, there was never any hard evidence to associate Guiteau with Arthur or Conkling. And eventually Chester Arthur was able to achieve some meaningful civil service reform that made him a liked president.

Guiteau was hated by the nation, so much that he survived several assassination attempts himself, including some from his own guards! Guiteau shamefully begged for his life throughout his trial but was executed on June 30, 1882.

Despite being assassinated, Garfield's death was attributed to medical malpractice from his doctor Willard Bliss, and Congress refused to pay Bliss for his services. The tragedy of James Garfield became a catalyst to the American medical community taking modern medical theories more seriously.

[Online References]

Cartoon showing Ulysses S. Grant handing a sword to James Garfield, who is holding a rolled-up paper.
(http://projects.leadr.msu.edu/makingmodernus/exhibits/show/1880-rnc/nomination-of-president-and-vp )

(http://projects.leadr.msu.edu/makingmodernus/exhibits/show/1880-rnc/early-debates )

(https://www.historynet.com/alexander-graham-bell-james-garfield.htm )

(https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/third-term-controversy-gave-republican-party-its-symbol-180967079/ )

[Audiobook Reference]
Destiny of the Republic: A Tale of Madness, Medicine and the Murder of a President
By: Candice Millard (https://www.audible.com/pd/Destiny-of-the-Republic-Audiobook/B005KM0ME2)

Authored by R.E. Foy

Cartoon showing Ulysses S. Grant handing a sword to James Garfield, who is holding a rolled-up paper.

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☞Today in History -- On today's date 177 years ago, June 8, 1845, Andrew "Old Hickory" Jackson (1767-1845), seventh President of the United States of America, met his earthly demise at the age of 78 when he died from the effects of chronic consumption (tuberculosis), dropsy (edema), & heart failure at Hermitage Plantation, his home at Nashville, Tennessee.

☞Requiéscat In Pace, Andrew Jackson.

☞Some sources incorrectly indicate that the first-ever photographs of U.S. presidents were made in 1845, the year of President Jackson's death. At least three presidents were photographed during that year, including Presidents Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren  (1782-1862), &  James Knox Polk (1795-1849); however, there were two other presidents who are known to have been photographed before 1845 -- John Quincy Adams (1767-1848) was photographed in 1843, & the very first president to be photographed was William Henry Harrison (1773-1841) who was photographed in 1841 during the last year of his life.

☞Music-History Trivia: U.S. Army Major General & future U.S. president Andrew "Old Hickory" Jackson's victory at the January 8, 1815 Battle of New Orleans, the last battle of the War of 1812, made "Old Hickory" a national hero, & shortly thereafter the traditional Old-Time tune "The Eighth of January," also known as "Jackson's Victory," was composed to commemorate the battle. In the mid-20th Century, noted musician & songwriter James Corbitt Morris (1907-1998), better known as Jimmie Driftwood, wrote the song "The Battle of New Orleans," to the tune of The Eighth of January. Jimmie Driftwood's song was covered by noted Country & Rockabilly singer John Gale "Johnny" Horton (1925-1960), whose version became a hit single, rising to the top of the "Billboard Hot 100" chart in 1959.

☞The 1845 Daguerréotype photograph depicts the bespectacled visage of President Andrew Jackson shortly before his death at the age of 78.

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June 7, 1840: Carlota, Empress of Mexico, was born Princess Charlotte of Belgium to King Leopold I and Louise-Marie d'Orléans. Their only daughter, she married her second cousin Archduke Maximilian of Austria who became Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico. When the situation in Mexico went from bad to worse, she returned to Europe, seeking assistance for her husband in Paris, Vienna, and finally in Rome from Pope Pius IX, all in a desperate attempt to save her husband's throne. Her efforts failed; she manifested symptoms of paranoia, suffered a profound cognitive and emotional collapse, and never returned to Mexico.

https://www.thoughtco.com/empress-carlota-of-mexico-biography-3530285

#EmpressCarlotaofMexico #PrincessCharlotteofBelgium #TodayInHistory

[Portrait by Winterhalter]

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June 8, 1492: The widow of King Edward IV of England, Queen Elizabeth Woodville, died at Bermondsey Abbey in London and was later buried at St. George's Chapel, Windsor with her husband. She was 55 years old. Although her sons with The King disappeared in The Tower of London, her daughter Elizabeth of York married Henry VII and became Queen of England. Through this marriage, Elizabeth Woodville is an ancestor of every British monarch from 1509 right up to today. Queen Elizabeth II is her 14X great-granddaughter.

"Elizabeth Woodville = Elizabeth of York = Margaret Tudor = James V of Scotland = Mary, Queen of Scots = James VI of Scotland/I of England = Elizabeth of Bohemia = Sophia, Electress of Hanover = George I = George II = Frederick, Prince of Wales = George III = Prince Edward, Duke of Kent = Queen Victoria = Edward VII = George V = George VI = Elizabeth II." - The Anne Boleyn Society

You can learn more about the death of Queen Elizabeth Woodville of England from The History Geeks: https://www.facebook.com/TheGorgeousHistoryGeeks/posts/3084921551605489?__tn__=K-R

(Queen Elizabeth after anonymous 15th century portrait; Her 14X great-granddaughter Queen Elizabeth II with the first three heirs to the throne; Essie Davis as Elizabeth Woodville in 'The White Princess')

#HouseOfPlantagenet #ElizabethWoodville #EdwardIV #ThisDayInHistory

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June 7, 1876: Joséphine of Leuchtenberg, Queen of Sweden and Norway, died at age sixty-nine in Stockholm. The daughter of Eugène de Beauharnais, Duke of Leuchtenberg, and Princess Augusta of Bavaria, she was a granddaughter of Empress Joséphine of France and named for her grandmother. She married the future King Oscar I of Sweden and Norway and quickly became incredibly popular with both the public and her new family. As Queen, she acted as her husband's advisor, and when a crisis occurred, the King and the Queen withdrew in private to discuss the matter before the king made a decision.

https://www.historyofroyalwomen.com/josephine-of-leuchtenberg/diary-princess-josephine-leuchtenberg/

#JosephineofLeuchtenberg #Sweden #Norway #ThisDayInHistory

[Portrait by Bertha Valerius]

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June 9, 1945, with the defeat of the Imperial Japanese Forces and the reestablishment of the Commonwealth Government in the Philippines, the Congress of the Philippines met for the first time since the election of its members on November 11, 1941, at its provisional quarters on Lepanto Street, Sampaloc, Manila.

In the Senate, Senator Manuel A. Roxas, former brigadier-general in the USAFFE, was chosen President of the Senate, with Senator Elpidio Quirino as President Pro-tempore, and Eulogio Rodriguez, Sr. as Floor Leader. In the House of Representatives, Jose C. Zulueta became Speaker of the House of Representatives, with Representative Prospero Sanidad as Speaker Pro-tempore, and Eugenio Perez as Floor Leader. This Congress passed various measures concerning the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the Philippines.

In his message, President Sergio Osmeña spoke of the great problems of reconstruction and rehabilitation lying ahead. He said: "So I say to every Filipino and to all other elements in our state, that the die is cast. Our course is straight and inflexible. We are going forward to the achievement of our national aspiration. [...] Let us get together in one mighty effort. Let us set aside selfish considerations and forget petty differences. Only in unity, can there be strength. To the experienced, I turn for advice. From the youth of the land, I ask for its enthusiasm and energies. My faith in our people is unbounded. Over the ruins of our cities and barrios, we shall build anew. In this most crucial hour of our history, I look forward to our destiny unafraid, confident that, God willing, ours will be a happy, progressive and prosperous land."

President Sergio Osmeña, with calm courage and quiet dignity, tackled the arduous task of rehabilitating and reconstituting the land, which had been cruelly ravaged by war. He reestablished the pre-war bureaus and offices and created new ones to meet the exigencies of the times. He reorganized the Cabinet and the Council of State. He distributed relief commodities to indigent families, reestablished the provincial and municipal governments, reopened the schools and colleges, and rehabilitated the industries, trade, transportation, and communication.

Sources and References:
1. Gregorio F. Zaide, Sonia M. Zaide, History of the Republic of the Philippines, Metro Manila, 1983, 1987, pp. 357–358
2. Manuel D. Duldulao, A Century of Philippine Legislature, Experience Philippines, Quezon City, Vol. I, p. 374
3. Presidential Museum and Library PH
4. Philippine Almanac Book of Facts, 1986 Edition, Aurora Publications, p. 34

*On May 6, 1945, the war in Europe came to a close because of Germany's surrender to the Allied Powers. This was called V-E Day, meaning, "Victory-in-Europe-Day." But the war in the Pacific continued. The Japanese warlords still defied the Allies.

What brought Japan finally to her knees were the horrible atomic bombs. The first bomb was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, and it wiped out 60% of the city. Two days later, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan. On August 9, 1945, Nagasaki felt the terrible explosion of the second atomic bomb: 40% of the city vanished. Unable to carry on the struggle and at the public behest of Japanese Emperor Hirohito, Japan finally surrendered unconditionally on August 15, 1945. Two days later, President Jose P. Laurel, a refuge in Nara, Japan, dissolved the Second Philippine Republic.

On September 2, 1945, the war with Japan ended. The formal ceremony of Japan's surrender was held on board the USS Missouri at Tokyo Bay. General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers in Japan, presided over the historic ceremonies.

#President #SergioOsmeña
#Commonwealth #Philippines
#PhilippineCongress #Congress
#WorldWar2 #WW2 #WWII
#SecondWorldWar #LepantoStreet
#PhilippineHistory #SONA
#BoholProvincialLibraryDigital

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PRESIDENT DUTERTE PRAISES NSA ESPERON & NTF-ELCAC; CTG INSURGENCY POSSIBLY OVER IN THE NEXT TWO YEARS
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IN THE NEWS: The decades-old communist insurgency would almost be wiped out if the government's anti-insurgency task force is given two more years to operate, President Rodrigo Duterte said.

Speaking during a meeting with some officials in Davao City last Monday, Duterte heaped praises on the controversial National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict (NTF-ELCAC), saying it has achieved success in addressing rebellion.

The whole-of-nation approach aims to address the root causes of rebellion, disturbances, tensions and other armed conflicts and threats by "prioritizing and harmonizing the delivery of basic services and social development packages by the government, facilitating societal inclusivity and ensuring active participation of all sectors of the society in the pursuit of the country's peace agenda."

Some groups are calling for the abolition or defunding of the task force, citing its red-baiting of personalities and groups critical of the government. Human rights groups claimed that red-baiting, known in the Philippines as "red-tagging," equates to a death sentence and encourages abusive practices.

Officials have defended the task force, saying its abolition would allow the rebels to step up their recruitment activities and hamper the implementation of development programs in conflicted and isolated areas.

READ MORE: https://bit.ly/3mxpdma

#NSCGovPH #GoodGovernance #NSCPH #InformInformInform #NSCNewsPH #ActivismIsNotTerrorism #EO70 #NPA #CounteringTerrorism #NTFELCAC #FactsNotFiction #DismissDisinformation #nscphilippines #cpp #CPPNPANDF #CPPNPA #EO70ELCAC

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June 7, 2002: Her Royal Highness Lilian, Princess de Réthy, second wife of His Majesty the late King Leopold III of the Belgians, died at the Château d'Argenteuil near Waterloo, Belgium. She was 85 years old and survived by her three children with the King (Prince Alexandre, Princess Marie-Christine, and Princess Marie-Esméralda).

Princess Lilian of Belgium, Princess de Réthy Bio: http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/princess-lilian-of-belgium-princess-de-rethy/

#HouseOfSaxeCoburgAndGotha #LeopoldIIIOfTheBelgians #LilianBaels #PrincessDeRethy #Belgium #ThisDayInHistory

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On This Day in 1865, Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant, General in Chief of the United States Army, issued the following farewell address to the rapidly demobilizing Federal forces.
General Orders,
War Dept., Adjt. General's Office, Number 108.
Washington, D.C., June 2, 1865

Soldiers of the Armies of the United States:

By your patriotic devotion to your country in the hour of danger and alarm – your magnificent fighting, bravery, and endurance – you have maintained the supremacy of the Union and the Constitution, overthrown all armed opposition to the enforcement of the laws, and of the proclamation forever abolishing slavery – the cause and pretext of the rebellion – and opened the way to the rightful authorities to restore order and inaugurate peace on a permanent and enduring basis on every foot of American soil.

Your marches, sieges and battles, in distance, duration, resolution and brilliancy of result dim the luster of the world's past military achievements, and will be the patriot's precedent in defense of liberty and right in all time to come.

In obedience to your country's call you left your homes and families and volunteered in its defense. Victory has crowned your valor and secured the purpose of your patriotic hearts, and with the gratitude of your countrymen, and the highest honors a great and free nation can accord, you will soon be permitted to return to your homes and families conscious of having discharged the highest duties of American citizens.

To achieve these glorious triumphs, and secure to yourselves, your fellow countrymen, and posterity the blessings of free institutions, tens of thousands of your gallant comrades have fallen and sealed the priceless legacy with their lives. The graves of these, a grateful nation bedews with tears, honors their memories, and will ever cherish and support their stricken families.

U.S. Grant,
Lieutenant General.

#CivilWar #AppomattoxNPS #Reunion #APX157 #DistanceLearning
Text: C.B.
Image: Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant (LOC)

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June 2, 1805: Maria Theresa of Savoy, Comtesse d'Artois, died at age forty-nine in Graz, Austria. The daughter of King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia and Infanta Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain, she married Charles Philippe, Comte d'Artois, the youngest grandson of the reigning King Louis XV of France, in 1771. Considered good-hearted but rather stupid, she nevertheless did her duty and produced heirs for her husband. She followed him into exile after the storming of the Bastille in 1789, and her husband left her in Savoy in 1791, never seeing her again. Her husband eventually became King Charles X of France, but as she died before he ascended the throne, she was never Queen.

http://royalwomen.blogspot.com/2010/11/maria-theresa-of-savoy.html?m=1

#MariaTheresaofSavoy #CountessdeArtois #France #ThisDayInHistory

[Portrait by François-Hubert Drouais]

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A Filipino Home/ Souvenir Shop
circa 1944

Note: Exact location unidentified; if based on the year (1944) possibly in Leyte which was one of the first provinces that the Allied forces took back from the Japanese.
~ #PR Admin

"Most of the Filipinos also were quick to take advantage of the fact that the Yanks were noted souvenir hunters, as shown by this home converted into a souvenir shop. The souvenirs are principally baskets, hats and slippers woven of Manila hemp, wooden shoes gaily colored."

photo credit: The National WWII Museum Digital Collections USA (#PR Enhanced Image)

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CUSTOMS 101:
An Authority To Release Imported Goods (ATRIG) allows the Bureau of Customs to release imported goods upon payment of applicable taxes or proof of exemption from the payment thereof.

An Authority To Release Imported Goods (ATRIG) is an authority issued by the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) to the Commissioner of Customs allowing the release of imported goods from customs custody upon payment of applicable taxes, or proof of exemption from the payment thereof, whichever is applicable.

An ATRIG must be secured for all importations of commodities subject to excise tax (whether exempt or taxable), and on all importations of goods exempted from VAT. It must be issued before the release of the excisable or VAT-exempt goods from customs custody.

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Legal Counsel of actress-comedian Ai-Ai delas Alas posted a statement on behalf of her client on Thursday, regarding the approved persona non grata resolution of the Quezon City Council against the actress and Director Darryl Yap.

The actress-comedian's camp will also monitor every statement made against Ai-Ai delas Alas to ensure her rights are protected.

"Statement on behalf of Ms. Ai Ai Delas Alas-Sibayan on the Resolution by the Quezon City Council
Today, my client, Ms. Ai Ai Delas Alas-Sibayan has received information, through social media, that a Resolution declaring her persona non grata was approved by the Quezon City council.

While we are yet to receive a copy of the resolution, it was made clear that the focus was made on the alleged "malicious and unscrupulous defacing of the official seal of Quezon City" claimed to have appeared on a video posted on the Facebook page of Vincentiments, where my client portrayed a character named "Ligaya Delmonte".

The video which circulated during the campaign period is clearly a satire, a parody. It is not intended to be a statement of fact and is clearly not meant to taken seriously by the audience. The video was obviously intended to be watched and taken as a whole, all elements being fictitious, including the seal behind the character portrayed by my client. It is unfortunate that the city council is nitpicking to find basis to curb freedom of expression in the guise of defending against a perceived dishonor.

We strongly condemn this act of the Quezon City council which endangers the protection granted by the freedom of expression for artists, entertainers, content creators, and comedians who use satire or parody to express sentiments or criticize public acts or figures. This also endangers their livelihood since it appears to be a form of cancellation making them wary to take on similar works in fear that public officials will retaliate in similar fashion.

As public officers, the members of the Quezon City council should be more prudent and circumspect in the exercise of their discretion and should not take hasty actions which could adversely affect my client and cause undue anxiety to her family and friends.

While we believe that the resolution does not physically affect my client, we will be monitoring every statement made against her to ensure that my client's rights are protected."

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Andromeda Galaxy

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STATEMENT
June 9, 2022
Sec. Martin M. Andanar
Presidential Communications Secretary and Acting Presidential Spokesperson

On the passing of Carmen Pedrosa

The Palace extends its condolences to the family, friends and colleagues of Carmen "Chit" Pedrosa on her passing.

Ms. Pedrosa served the Duterte Administration as Member of the Board of Directors of the Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR).

Our thoughts and prayers are with the loved ones of Ms. Pedrosa as they find strength in this period of mourning.

#DuterteLegacy
#SustainableCommunication
#LastMileInformationDelivery
#Mediaman
#workingPCOO
#pcooGLOBAL
#OPS
#Malacañang
#RTVM

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MARINA Press Release
08 June 2022
𝟐𝟎 𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐨𝐛𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐩𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐨𝐧 𝐌𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐍𝐀'𝐬 𝐇𝐚𝐫𝐛𝐨𝐫 𝐏𝐢𝐥𝐨𝐭 𝐋𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
MANILA - A total of 20 Master Mariners successfully passed the Harbor Pilot Licensure Examination administered by the Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA) on 9-11 March 2022.

Below is the list of successful examinees:
Acosta, Edwin O
Aguilar, Em Joseph G
Banzon, Bernie V.
Bitoy, Alexander A.
Caballero, Arnulfo M.
Calderon, Al Nair J R.
Calumpag, Edgardo W.
Camanga, Jonathan V.
Campos, Gary Joseph S
Capuli, Oliver Wendell D
Castro, Philam Denn T.
Cosina, Samith C.
Daroy, Adolfo S.
Dungo, Joemar D.
Fiel, Ireneo Jr. S.
Layog, Bobby L.
Nañasca, Feliciano Jr. L.
Ramos, James A
Sagaral, Rex B.
Serdoncillo, Jaime Jr. F.

Meanwhile, Officer-In-Charge Deputy Administrator for Planning Ms. Sonia B. Malaluan extolled these new Harbor Pilots to be faithful in their sworn duty to ensure safety of property and life, and the protection of the marine environment as they guide ships entering ports during their oath taking ceremony held on 07 June 2022.

Pursuant to Executive Order No. 125/125-A, the MARINA is mandated to undertake
the licensing of harbor pilots in the country.

A candidate for the Harbor Pilot Licensure Examinations should be at least 35 years
of age at the time of the examination; mentally and physically fit; Master in command
of a merchant ship or PCG or NAMRIA and other non-combatant ship of more than
500 GT of not less than five (5) years; of good moral character and not included in the
database of watch listed seafarers.

#DOTrPH
#MARINAPH
#MaritimeSectorWorks

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On the afternoon of June 9, 1772, the British customs schooner Gaspee ran aground in Rhode Island's Narragansett Bay while pursuing a packet boat named Hannah. Seeing the Gaspee stuck, and knowing she would remain grounded until high tide after midnight, the Hannah's captain Thomas Lindsey rushed into Providence and found John Brown, a leader of the Rhode Island Sons of Liberty (and later the founder of Brown University). This a chance to put an end to the Gaspee, they concluded.

For the previous six months the Gaspee, under the command of Lt. William Dudingston, had been aggressively enforcing British customs duties—boarding and seizing suspected smugglers in the bay, harassing merchants ashore, and according to the colonials, destroying fishing vessels and insulting and bullying local sailors and fishermen. In February Dudingston and the Gaspee had seized a sloop called Fortune (which belonged to future major general Nathanael Greene), found to be carrying undeclared rum, and sent the vessel to Boston for trial. Rhode Islanders protested that requiring a trial outside of Rhode Island violated the colony's charter and infringed the rights of its governor and citizens. Dudingston ignored the protests and stepped up Gaspee's aggressive searches, boardings, and seizures. By the time they found themselves stuck in the bay, the Gaspee and Lt. Dudingston were hated by the colonists of Rhode Island.

Brown summoned the Sons of Liberty and on a moonless night about 100 of them rowed out to the Gaspee, in eight longboats with muffled oars. As the boats drew near, Dudingston leaned over the side of his ship and shouted "Who goes there?"

Abraham Whipple (future Continental Navy commodore) yelled back, "I am the sheriff. I have a warrant to apprehend you. So surrender, God d—n you!"

Seeing the despised Dudingston exposed, 18-year-old Joseph Bucklin raised his gun and fired, striking Dudingston in the arm and groin. Rhode Islanders claim it was the first shot of the American Revolution.

The Sons of Liberty swarmed aboard the Gaspee and quickly overwhelmed and secured its crew. Fortunately for Lt. Dudingston, one of the raiders was a young colonial doctor named John Mawney. Dr. Mawney stanched the bleeding from Dudingston's severed artery, saving his life. Dudingston would go on to enjoy a long and prosperous career.

Once the Gaspee's crew were all ashore, the Sons of Liberty set fire to the ship. It burned to the waterline, exploding when the fire reached the powder magazine.

British authorities were understandably furious, declaring that the men who attacked the Gaspee were guilty of treason and would be arrested, transported to England for trial, and hanged.

But no one in the colony stepped forward to identify the raiders or provide any information about the incident, even after the British government offered a substantial reward. To the chagrin of royal authorities, no one was ever arrested for participation in the attack.

Boston Rev. John Allen's pamphlet "An Oration on the Beauties of Liberty" was inspired by the Gaspee Affair. In the pamphlet, which became an oft-quoted favorite of John Adams and James Otis, Allen decried unjust British acts and questioned the legitimacy of royal authority over the colonies. Meanwhile, the threat to transport the accused to England for trial alarmed the colonists throughout North America, leading them to form committees of correspondence and further uniting them in opposition to British authority.

The British ship Gaspee was captured and burned by the Rhode Island Sons of Liberty on June 9, 1772, two hundred fifty years ago today.

In 1775 Abraham Whipple was commanding a small flotilla of Patriot vessels facing off against the British Frigate HMS Rose. The commander of the Rose sent a message to Whipple:

"From Captain Sir James Wallace of the Rose:
You, Abraham Whipple, on the 10th of June 1772, burned His Majesty's vessel, the Gaspee, and I will hang you at the yard-arm.—James Wallace."

Whipple sent back a brief reply:

"To Sir James Wallace, Sir: Always catch a man before you hang him.—Abraham Whipple."

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The upcoming Cislunar Autonomous Positioning System Technology Operations and Navigation Experiment (CAPSTONE) mission will be the first spacecraft to fly a unique orbit around the Moon that will be used for Gateway, NASA's future Moon-orbiting outpost. Learn more about how #CAPSTONE is made possible by small businesses and partners like these:
Advanced Space will operate the mission.
Rocket Lab is providing the launch vehicle.
Terran Orbital designed & built the spacecraft.

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"My mom was feeling a painful lump on her neck. We were so worried since she just finished all her therapy to beat breast cancer. My friend recommended me this, after taking it continuously for two weeks, my mother noticed that the lump is getting smaller the pain is slowly fading away.
This is actually my second time buying and my mother is better than ever! "
- Ana J.
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𝐏𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐎𝐫𝐠𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐜 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐨𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐝𝐞𝐫
𝙋𝙪𝙧𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙊𝙧𝙜𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙘 𝙈𝙖𝙣𝙜𝙤𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙚𝙣 𝘾𝙖𝙥𝙨𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨

NO SUGAR PURE ORGANIC MANGOSTEEN
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Filipinos Gathering for Victory Celebration at the Provincial Capitol Building in Tacloban, Leyte
October 1944

Most likely after the Battle of Leyte Gulf, the largest naval battle between the Allied Forces and the Empire of Japan during the Pacific War of World War II, from October 23–26, 1944. The Japanese attempted to repel or destroy the Allied forces stationed on Leyte after the preceding Allied invasion in the Battle of Leyte. Instead, the Allied navies inflicted a major defeat on the outnumbered Imperial Japanese Navy which took away Japan's strategic force in the Pacific War. The battle was the last major naval engagement of World War II. (Leyte Gulf also saw the first use of "kamikaze" aircraft by the Japanese.)
info: Wikipedia

photo credit: The National WWII Museum Digital Collections USA (#PR Enhanced Image)

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A new study shows a deep connection between some of the largest, most energetic events in the Universe and much smaller, weaker ones powered by our own Sun.

The results come from a long observation with Chandra X-ray Observatory of Abell 2146, a pair of colliding galaxy clusters located about 2.8 billion light years from Earth.

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June 5, 1771: Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland and King of Hanover, was born at Buckingham House to King George III and Queen Charlotte. Their fifth son, he was sent to Hanover in his adolescence for his education and military training. When his older brother King William IV died in 1837, Ernest acceded to the Hanoverian throne as Queen Victoria was barred from taking it. Becoming Hanover's first ruler to reside in the state since George I, he had a generally successful fourteen-year reign.

https://www.regencyhistory.net/2013/03/prince-ernest-duke-of-cumberland-and.html?m=1

#ErnestAugustus #Hanover #GeorgeIII #TodayInHistory
[Portrait by Gainsborough]

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"When wireless is perfectly applied the whole earth will be converted into a huge brain, which in fact it is, all things being particles of a real and rhythmic whole.  We shall be able to communicate with one another instantly, irrespective of distance.  Not only this, but through television and telephony we shall see and hear one another as perfectly as though we were face to face, despite intervening distances of thousands of miles; and the instruments through which we shall be able to do his will be amazingly simple compared with our present telephone.  A man will be able to carry one in his vest pocket."
–Nikola Tesla
"When Women Is Boss." Colliers, January 30, 1926.

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Santa Cruz Bridge, Manila circa 1930s
Viewpoint from Plaza Goiti; on the left side of the bridge is Metropole Hotel, future site of FEATI Institute of Technology (later University).

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Filipino Sharpshooters' Nest on a Tree, Philippine Islands (P.I.) circa 1899
B.W. Kilburn Stereoview
(#PR Enhanced Image)

#Trivia During the Philippine-American war, General Antonio Luna formed an elite group of marksmen known as the Luna Sharpshooters. The sharpshooters became famous for their fierce fighting and proved their worth by being the usual spearheading unit in every major battle in the Philippine–American War. Other units were formed like the Los Bandoleros commanded by Rosendo Simón de Pajarillo and the "Guardia N€gr@" (Black Guard) under Lieutenant García, one of Luna's favorite soldiers.
(info: Wikipedia)

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☞Today in History -- On today's date 693 years ago, Wednesday, June 7, 1329, famous Mediæval-Era Scottish king Robert I (1274-1329), popularly known as Robert the Bruce, met his earthly demise at the age of 54 when he died from the effects of a "grosse maladie" at Cardross Castle in Dumbartonshire, Scotland.

☞Requiéscat In Pace, Robert the Bruce.

☞Robert the Bruce was King of the Scots from 1306 until his death in 1329. Robert was one of the most famous warriors of his generation, & he eventually led Scotland during the Wars of Scottish Independence against England. He fought successfully during his reign to regain Scotland's place as an independent nation & today he is remembered in Scotland as a national hero.

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It is no stranger that Earth is slowly dying...

...but here's how you can save it right NOW.

The upcoming "Make A Difference" (M.A.D) Virtual Event aims to provide a solution to this never-ending crisis that's slowly engulfing the earth.

Dry soil...

Burned forest...

Decaying ozone layer...

And the list goes on.

This is why M.A.D is extremely important.

Not only will you have the chance to contribute to planting trees around the world...

...but you will get to have the opportunity to generate passive income as well from this event as well.

This event will be FREE, because everyone deserves a chance at saving the one and only homeland we have.

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Join Mark Victor Hansen (#1 New York Times & USA Today Best-selling Author) who had changed MILLIONS of lives by selling over 500 million copies of his book "Chicken Soup for the Soul".

His ambition is to plant a trillion trees... and the reason is straightforward.

His goal will result in a drastic shift combating climate change, with no one going hungry ever again.

Furthermore, these trees will store nutrients that we, as humans, can completely benefit from, such as fruits and other produce.

There are plenty of scap lands available for this. In summary, these will be the people's "tree of gift" for a long time.

By joining in, you will be contributing to the next step of human & digital evolution.

If you're looking for a chance to finally generate some passive income while saving the environment once and for all...

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On This Day in History > June 8,1776:
In Quebec, Canadian Governor Sir Guy Carleton defeated American Patriot forces under John Sullivan at the Battle of Trois-Rivieres.

"On June 8th, 1776, the forces of Canadian Governor Sir Guy Carleton defeated American Patriot forces under John Sullivan. After taking heavy losses and the loss of General Richard Montgomery at Quebec, the Patriots were pursued by Governor Carleton. Halfway between Quebec and Montreal, at the Trois-Rivieres, the Patriots turned to fight. The Redcoats and German mercenaries killed 25, wounded 140, and captured 236, but Carleton allowed the rest of the 2,500-man force to complete their retreat. This battle changed the priorities of the Patriots, and Colonel Benedict Arnold wrote, "Let us quit and secure our own country before it is too late."
SurvivalistOutlet.com

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Russia's economy will shrink 15% this year and 3% in 2023 as the hit from Western sanctions, an exodus of companies, a Russian "brain-drain" and collapse in exports wipe out 15 years of economic gains, a global banking industry lobby group said.

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Unya miingon siya: Lumingkod ka sa hilum, anak ko, hangtud nga ikaw mahibalo sa kahulogan niining butanga; kay ang tawo dili mopahulay, hangtud nga matapus niya ang maong butang niining adlawa.
Ruth 3:18

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Ug siya miingon: Kining unom ka takus nga cebada iyang gihatag kanako; kay siya miingon: Ayaw pag-adto sa imong ugangang babaye nga walay dala.
Ruth 3:17

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Ug sa pag-abut niya sa iyang ugangan nga babaye, siya miingon: Kinsa ba ikaw, anak ko? Ug iyang gisugilon kaniya ang tanan nga gibuhat sa tawo kaniya.
Ruth 3:16

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Ug siya miingon: Dad-a ang pandong nga anaa kanimo, ug bitbita, ug iyang gikuptan kini; ug siya mitakus ug unom ka takus nga cebada ug gipalukdo kaniya: ug miadto siya ngadto sa ciudad.
Ruth 3:15

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Ug siya mihigda dapit sa iyang tiilan hangtud nga nabuntag: ug siya mibangon sa dili pa magkailhanay ang usa ug usa. Kay si Booz miingon: Ayaw pag-isangyaw nga ang babaye nahianhi sa giukan.
Ruth 3:14

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Dinhi maghulat ka lamang niining gabhiona, ug kini mahimo sa pagkabuntag, nga kong iyang himoon kanimo ang bahin sa usa ka kaubanan, maayo man; ipabuhat kaniya ang bahin sa usa ka kaubanan: apan kong siya dili magtuman sa katungdanan sa usa ka kaubanan kanimo, nan ako ang magahimo sa bahin sa usa ka kaubanan kanimo, ingon nga si Jehova buhi: humigda ka hangtud sa pagkabuntag.
Ruth 3:13

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