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#21401
Effect of Glycemic Index and Fructose Content in Lunch on Substrate Utilization during Subsequent Brisk Walking

Introduction In recent years, many studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of pre-exercise meals with different glycemic index (GI) on metabolic responses and (or) exercise performance, which have been summarized in recent reviews (Donaldson et al. 2010; O'Reilly et al. 2010). A ... (Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)

Source: Effect of Glycemic Index and Fructose Content in Lunch on Substrate Utilization during Subsequent Brisk Walking
#21402
Repetitive Magnetic Stimulation of the Phrenic Nerves for Diaphragm Conditioning: A Normative Study of Feasibility and Optimal Settings

Introduction Neuromuscular electrical stimulation can enhance muscle function, prevent muscle atrophy, and contribute to cardiopulmonary conditioning (Sheffler and Chae 2007). It can be used as an alternative to exercise in patients suffering from cardiac or respiratory conditions too severe to ... (Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)

Source: Repetitive Magnetic Stimulation of the Phrenic Nerves for Diaphragm Conditioning: A Normative Study of Feasibility and Optimal Settings
#21403
Wheel Running Prevents the Accumulation of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in the Liver of Ovariectomized Mice by Attenuating Changes in SCD-1 Content

Introduction Reductions or loss of circulating female sex steroids due to menopause or surgical hysterectomy or ovariectomy is now recognized as a risk factor for the development of chronic health conditions (Howard et al. 2005). In particular, it has become clear that loss of ovarian function ... (Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)

Source: Wheel Running Prevents the Accumulation of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in the Liver of Ovariectomized Mice by Attenuating Changes in SCD-1 Content
#21404
A Randomised Crossover Placebo-Controlled Trial Investigating the Effect of Brown Seaweed (Ascophyllum Nodosum and Fucus Vesiculosus)on Postchallenge Plasma Glucose and Insulin Levels in Men and Women

Introduction Optimal control of blood glucose levels has been shown to reduce the incidence of diabetes-related complications (Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group 1993; UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group 1998). Adequate management of blood glucose involves measures such ... (Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)

Source: A Randomised Crossover Placebo-Controlled Trial Investigating the Effect of Brown Seaweed (Ascophyllum Nodosum and Fucus Vesiculosus)on Postchallenge Plasma Glucose and Insulin Levels in Men and Women
#21405
Short-Term Muscle Power and Speed in Preschoolers Exhibit Stronger Tracking Than Physical Activity

Introduction Physical activity in the preschool years (3- to 5-year-olds) is characterized by free play rather than structured activities (Tucker 2008), yet little is known about the impact of physical activity on healthy growth and development during the early years. How much and what type of ... (Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)

Source: Short-Term Muscle Power and Speed in Preschoolers Exhibit Stronger Tracking Than Physical Activity
#21406
Whole and Fractionated Yellow Pea Flours Modulate Insulin, Glucose, Oxygen Consumption, and the Caecal Microbiome in Golden Syrian Hamsters

Introduction Pulse crops, including lentils, chickpeas, beans, and peas, are routinely endorsed as components of a healthy diet (Leterme 2002). Given that pulses are characterized as excellent sources of fibre, protein, and antioxidants, as well as nonspecific nutritional compounds, numerous ... (Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)

Source: Whole and Fractionated Yellow Pea Flours Modulate Insulin, Glucose, Oxygen Consumption, and the Caecal Microbiome in Golden Syrian Hamsters
#21407
Muscle Damage Slows Oxygen Uptake Kinetics during Moderate-Intensity Exercise Performed at High Pedal Rate

Introduction During the transition from rest or unloaded cycling to constant-load exercise of moderate-intensity (i.e., below the lactate threshold (LT) or gas-exchange threshold (GET)) pulmonary oxygen uptake O.sub.2]) approaches a steady state within 2-3 min after an exponential time course (the ... (Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)

Source: Muscle Damage Slows Oxygen Uptake Kinetics during Moderate-Intensity Exercise Performed at High Pedal Rate
#21408
A Comparison of the Relationship of 14 Performance-Based Measures with Frailty in Older Women

Introduction Frailty is an age-related state of vulnerability to adverse outcomes, which has a devastating impact on older adults, their family, and society (Fried et al. 2004). Frailty is more common in older women than men (Fried et al. 2004). Although frailty has a complex etiology, it is ... (Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)

Source: A Comparison of the Relationship of 14 Performance-Based Measures with Frailty in Older Women
#21409
Exercise Is an Effective Treatment Modality for Reducing Cancer-Related Fatigue and Improving Physical Capacity in Cancer Patients and Survivors: A Meta-Analysis

Introduction It is estimated that the current prevalence of cancer is more than 1 628 112 people, and by 2050 this number will rise to 2 862 564 (Hayat et al. 2007). Fortunately, advancements made to treat and cure various cancers have resulted in improved survival rates and thus a larger number of ... (Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)

Source: Exercise Is an Effective Treatment Modality for Reducing Cancer-Related Fatigue and Improving Physical Capacity in Cancer Patients and Survivors: A Meta-Analysis
#21410
The Effect of Sports Specialization on Musculus Quadriceps Function after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage

Introduction Exercise-induced fatigue occurs because of limitations in skeletal muscles or in the nervous system (Gandevia 2001; Bilodeau 2006; Streckis et al. 2007). The terms "peripheral fatigue" and "central fatigue" have been used to denote these 2 possible sites of muscle fatigue (Gandevia ... (Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)

Source: The Effect of Sports Specialization on Musculus Quadriceps Function after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage
#21411
Interval and Continuous Exercise Elicit Equivalent Postexercise Hypotension in Prehypertensive Men, despite Differences in Regulation

Introduction Hypertension and prehypertension are growing health concerns across the globe. Almost one-third of Canadians (Godwin et al. 2008) and Americans (Wang and Wang. 2004) over the age of 30 years are estimated to have blood pressures falling within the prehypertensive category (systolic ... (Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)

Source: Interval and Continuous Exercise Elicit Equivalent Postexercise Hypotension in Prehypertensive Men, despite Differences in Regulation
#21412
Physiological Influence of Basic Perturbations Assessed by Non-Invasive Optical Techniques in Humans

Introduction Normal microcirculatory function is a prerequisite for adequate tissue oxygenation. Insufficient microvascular perfusion and oxygenation have been entailed in cellular or tissue dysfunction and in multiple organ failure, associated with various states of haemodynamic shock, and may ... (Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)

Source: Physiological Influence of Basic Perturbations Assessed by Non-Invasive Optical Techniques in Humans
#21413
Evidence-Based Risk Assessment and Recommendations for Physical Activity Clearance: Cancer

Introduction Cancer is among the main causes of morbidity and mortality in North America. Improvements in early detection and surgical techniques together with more effective locoregional and systemic therapies has led to significant survival gains for individuals diagnosed with cancer, with ... (Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)

Source: Evidence-Based Risk Assessment and Recommendations for Physical Activity Clearance: Cancer
#21414
Evidence-Based Risk Assessment and Recommendations for Physical Activity: Arthritis, Osteoporosis, and Low Back Pain

Introduction This systematic review is one of a series of reviews on the safety of physical activity (PA) for patients with different health conditions. These reviews have the overall purpose of revising forms that are currently used to screen people who may be at risk during participation of PA ... (Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)

Source: Evidence-Based Risk Assessment and Recommendations for Physical Activity: Arthritis, Osteoporosis, and Low Back Pain
#21415
Evidence-Based Risk Assessment and Recommendations for Physical Activity Clearance: Established Cardiovascular Disease

Lay synopsis Physical activity (PA) is an effective lifestyle therapy for patients at risk for, or with, known cardiovascular disease (CVD). Numerous scientific statements and guidelines from around the world agree that regular exercise reduces sickness and death, decreases the markers of CVD risk, ... (Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)

Source: Evidence-Based Risk Assessment and Recommendations for Physical Activity Clearance: Established Cardiovascular Disease
#21416
Enhancing the Effectiveness of Clearance for Physical Activity Participation: Background and Overall Process

Background Participation in regular physical activity (PA) is recommended and beneficial for almost everyone, whether they are asymptomatic or have a chronic disease or constraint (Bouchard et al. 1990, 1994; Kesaniemi et al. 2001; Warburton et al. 2006a, 2006b). However, persons with certain ... (Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)

Source: Enhancing the Effectiveness of Clearance for Physical Activity Participation: Background and Overall Process
#21417
Evidence-Based Risk Assessment and Recommendations for Exercise Testing and Physical Activity Clearance in Apparently Healthy Individuals

Lay synopsis Increased participation levels of physical activity (PA) are known to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and lower all-cause mortality rates. There appears to be a dose-response relationship in this regard, as vigorous PA is associated with the greatest ... (Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)

Source: Evidence-Based Risk Assessment and Recommendations for Exercise Testing and Physical Activity Clearance in Apparently Healthy Individuals
#21418
Evidence-Based Risk Assessment and Recommendations for Physical Activity Clearance: Cognitive and Psychological Conditions

Introduction The purpose of this paper was to review the documented events occurring from participation in physical activity among populations with psychological or cognitive conditions. This represents a large and diverse field; thus, we have focused specifically on high-prevalence conditions, ... (Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)

Source: Evidence-Based Risk Assessment and Recommendations for Physical Activity Clearance: Cognitive and Psychological Conditions
#21419
Evidence-Based Risk Assessment and Recommendations for Physical Activity Clearance: Stroke and Spinal Cord Injury

Lay synopsis Exercise after stroke or spinal cord injury (SCI) could be good for many people. Exercise could help improve ability to perform daily activities. However, exercise can also be harmful, and it is important to know whether it is safe for people after injury. The purpose of this review ... (Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)

Source: Evidence-Based Risk Assessment and Recommendations for Physical Activity Clearance: Stroke and Spinal Cord Injury
#21420
Evidence-Based Risk Recommendations for Best Practices in the Training of Qualified Exercise Professionals Working with Clinical Populations

Introduction and study rationale Regular physical activity is important in the primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of at least 25 chronic conditions (Mazzeo et al. 1998; Blair and Brodney 1999; Blair et al. 1989, 2001; Bouchard and Shephard 1994; Lee and Skerrett 2001; McAuley 1994; ... (Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)

Source: Evidence-Based Risk Recommendations for Best Practices in the Training of Qualified Exercise Professionals Working with Clinical Populations
#21421
Evidence-Based Risk Assessment and Recommendations for Physical Activity Clearance: Pregnancy

Introduction During pregnancy, the female body undergoes a number of physiological and metabolic changes. Cardiovascular changes occur to distribute oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, while hormonal and metabolic changes occur to maintain an adequate supply of all nutrients (King 2000). Hormonal ... (Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)

Source: Evidence-Based Risk Assessment and Recommendations for Physical Activity Clearance: Pregnancy
#21422
Evidence-Based Risk Assessment and Recommendations for Physical Activity Clearance: Consensus Document 2011

Introduction The incontrovertible health benefits of habitual physical activity (PA) (Warburton et al. 2006a, 2006b, 2007e, 2010) clearly outweigh the transient increase in risk associated with acute bouts of PA (Goodman et al. 2011). Therefore, reducing barriers to participation in PA is important ... (Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)

Source: Evidence-Based Risk Assessment and Recommendations for Physical Activity Clearance: Consensus Document 2011
#21423
Evidence-Based Risk Assessment and Recommendations for Physical Activity Clearance: Diabetes Mellitus and Related Comorbidities

Lay summary Physical activity is one of the most powerful treatment options for persons with prediabetes or diabetes. Numerous health benefits occur with increased physical activity (PA), which include enhanced blood sugar and cholesterol control, the prevention of metabolic complications, and less ... (Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism)

Source: Evidence-Based Risk Assessment and Recommendations for Physical Activity Clearance: Diabetes Mellitus and Related Comorbidities
#21424
Sibling Interaction and Sibling Similarity for Alcohol Use

In addition to twin studies, researchers use adoption studies to investigate the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences on drinking behavior. One form of adoption research compares similarities in drinking behavior (i.e., concordance) between adoptive siblings, who share no ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Sibling Interaction and Sibling Similarity for Alcohol Use
#21425
Alcohol Use among Adolescents

Several ongoing national surveys, including the Monitoring the Future study, the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, are investigating the drinking behaviors of adolescents in the United States. These studies have found that the majority of adolescents under ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Alcohol Use among Adolescents
#21426
The Impact of a Family History of Alcoholism on the Relationship between Age at Onset of Alcohol Use and DSM-IV Alcohol Dependence

Results From the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey Both the age at onset of alcohol use and a family history of alcoholism can influence a person's risk of becoming alcohol dependent. The relationship between lifetime alcohol dependence, age at first alcohol use, and a family ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: The Impact of a Family History of Alcoholism on the Relationship between Age at Onset of Alcohol Use and DSM-IV Alcohol Dependence
#21427
An Overview of Outpatient and Inpatient Detoxification

Alcohol detoxification can be defined as a period of medical treatment, usually including counseling, during which a person is helped to overcome physical and psychological dependence on alcohol (Chang and Kosten 1997). The immediate objectives of alcohol detoxification are to help the patient ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: An Overview of Outpatient and Inpatient Detoxification
#21428
Disturbances of the Stress Response: The Role of the HPA Axis during Alcohol Withdrawal and Abstinence

Interactions among the brain, the pituitary gland, and the adrenal glands (i.e., the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal [HPA] axis) help regulate the body's response to stress. The adrenal hormone cortisol plays a key role in stress reduction through its effects on multiple body systems. Excessive ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Disturbances of the Stress Response: The Role of the HPA Axis during Alcohol Withdrawal and Abstinence
#21429
Prevalence, Trends, and Incidence of Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms: Analysis of General Population and Clinical Samples

Analysis of General Population and Clinical Samples Analyses of the prevalence and incidence of withdrawal symptoms in the general population can provide an estimate of the frequency of alcohol dependence in the population. Similar analyses in people who are being treated for alcoholism or ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Prevalence, Trends, and Incidence of Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms: Analysis of General Population and Clinical Samples
#21430
Alcohol, Hormones, and Postmenopausal Women

Many women take supplemental estrogens after menopause, a practice called hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Moderate alcohol consumption may increase estrogen levels in women receiving HRT, potentially affecting their risk for various adverse health effects. Two recent studies, however, provide no ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Alcohol, Hormones, and Postmenopausal Women
#21431
Alcoholic Beverages as a Source of Estrogens

Alcoholic beverages contain not only alcohol but also numerous other substances (i.e., congeners) that may contribute to the beverages' physiological effects. Plants used to produce alcoholic beverages contain estrogenlike substances (i.e., phytoestrogens). Observations that men with alcoholic ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Alcoholic Beverages as a Source of Estrogens
#21432
Alcohol-Seeking Behavior

Both the hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the endogenous opioid system are activated in response to stress as well as after alcohol consumption, supporting the hypothesis that stress can influence both alcohol consumption and craving for alcohol. Activation of the HPA ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Alcohol-Seeking Behavior
#21433
Alcohol Use among Cuban-Americans, Mexican-Americans, and Puerto Ricans

Studies of alcohol consumption among Hispanics in the United States show different patterns based on gender, country of origin, and economic status. The literature shows a lower frequency but higher volume of consumption among Mexican-American and Puerto Rican males than among non-Hispanic white ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Alcohol Use among Cuban-Americans, Mexican-Americans, and Puerto Ricans
#21434
Drinking Patterns and Problems among African-Americans: Recent Findings

The findings of recent research on drinking patterns and problems among African-Americans can be summarized as follows: (1) African-Americans report higher abstention rates than do whites; (2) African-Americans and whites report similar levels of frequent heavy drinking; (3) rates of heavy drinking ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Drinking Patterns and Problems among African-Americans: Recent Findings
#21435
Special Populations in Alcoholics Anonymous

The vast majority of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) members in the United States are white, and only a few studies have investigated the program's effectiveness for ethnic minorities. Project MATCH, a multisite research study aimed at developing guidelines for assigning alcoholics to appropriate ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Special Populations in Alcoholics Anonymous
#21436
Alcoholic Beverage Consumption in India, Mexico, and Nigeria

Drinking practices vary substantially among different countries. An understanding of such differences can help researchers, clinicians, and policymakers develop prevention, diagnostic, and treatment measures as well as overall alcohol policies that are appropriate for a given country. Accordingly, ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Alcoholic Beverage Consumption in India, Mexico, and Nigeria
#21437
Psychopathology in Adolescent Alcohol Abuse and Dependence

Adolescents who abuse or are dependent on alcohol often have coexisting mental disorders. These disorders may both precipitate alcohol use disorders and result from them. In addition, both types of disorders may arise independently in adolescents at high risk. Mental disorders that commonly ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Psychopathology in Adolescent Alcohol Abuse and Dependence
#21438
Introduction to Alcohol Withdrawal

Heavy drinkers who suddenly decrease their alcohol consumption or abstain completely may experience alcohol withdrawal (AW). Signs and symptoms of AW can include, among others, mild to moderate tremors, irritability, anxiety, or agitation. The most severe manifestations of withdrawal include ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Introduction to Alcohol Withdrawal
#21439
Alcohol's Effects on Female Puberty

Research suggests that alcohol consumption during early adolescence may delay the onset of female puberty. Alcohol's effect on sexual development is associated with altered function of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). This hormone, which is produced in the liver, travels through the ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Alcohol's Effects on Female Puberty
#21440
The Endocrine System: An Overview

A plethora of hormones regulate many of the body's functions, including growth and development, metabolism, electrolyte balances, and reproduction. Numerous glands throughout the body produce hormones. The hypothalamus produces several releasing and inhibiting hormones that act on the pituitary ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: The Endocrine System: An Overview
#21441
Alcohol Availability and Targeted Advertising in Racial/ethnic Minority Communities

Alcohol availability and advertising are disproportionately concentrated in racial/ethnic minority communities. Although research on alcohol availability and alcohol advertising in racial/ethnic minority communities is limited, evidence does show a relationship between minority concentration, ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Alcohol Availability and Targeted Advertising in Racial/ethnic Minority Communities
#21442
Molecular Genetics of Risk-Relevant Behaviors

If certain behaviors associated with increased alcoholism risk are heritable, then specific genes must be responsible for eliciting and controlling those behaviors and, by extension, alcoholism risk. Among the genes implicated in mediating alcoholism risk are those that encode or control the ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Molecular Genetics of Risk-Relevant Behaviors
#21443
Kindling in Alcohol Withdrawal

In many alcoholics, the severity of withdrawal symptoms increases after repeated withdrawal episodes. This exacerbation may be attributable to a kindling process. Kindling is a phenomenon in which a weak electrical or chemical stimulus, which initially causes no overt behavioral responses, results ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Kindling in Alcohol Withdrawal
#21444
Complications of Alcohol Withdrawal: Pathophysiological Insights

Disease processes or events that accompany acute alcohol withdrawal (AW) can cause significant illness and death. Some patients experience seizures, which may increase in severity with subsequent AW episodes. Another potential AW complication is delirium tremens, characterized by hallucinations, ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Complications of Alcohol Withdrawal: Pathophysiological Insights
#21445
Alcohol Hangover: Mechanisms and Mediators

Hangovers are a frequent, though unpleasant, experience among people who drink to intoxication. Despite the prevalence of hangovers, however, this condition is not well understood scientifically. Multiple possible contributors to the hangover state have been investigated, and researchers have ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Alcohol Hangover: Mechanisms and Mediators
#21446
Alcohol's Harmful Effects on Bone

Long-term alcohol consumption can interfere with bone growth and replacement of bone tissue (i.e., remodeling), resulting in decreased bone density and increased risk of fracture. These effects may be exerted directly or indirectly through the many cell types, hormones, and growth factors that ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Alcohol's Harmful Effects on Bone
#21447
Alcohol's Effects on Male Reproduction

The male reproductive system consists of the hypothalamus, the anterior pituitary gland, and the testes. Alcohol can interfere with the function of each of these components, thereby causing impotence, infertility, and reduced male secondary sexual characteristics. In the testes, alcohol can ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Alcohol's Effects on Male Reproduction
#21448
The Hormonal Effects of Alcohol Use on the Mother and Fetus

During pregnancy, the hormonal systems of the mother and fetus are intricately interconnected to ensure normal fetal development. Accordingly, maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy can interfere with fetal development, not only directly, through adverse effects exerted by alcohol that ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: The Hormonal Effects of Alcohol Use on the Mother and Fetus
#21449
Alcohol Consumption among Racial/ethnic Minorities

Ethnic minorities (e.g., Hispanics, blacks, Asian-Americans, and Native Americans) are still underrepresented in alcohol research in the United States. Furthermore, existing studies often do not take into consideration the variability that exists within each ethnic group, resulting in inaccurate ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Alcohol Consumption among Racial/ethnic Minorities
#21450
Pharmacotherapy of Adolescent Alcohol and Other Drug Use Disorders

Medications are playing an increasingly important role as adjuncts to psychosocial strategies of alcoholism treatment. Although problems associated with the use of alcohol and other drugs (AODs) often appear in adolescence, most studies of AOD pharmacotherapy have been conducted in adults. Because ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Pharmacotherapy of Adolescent Alcohol and Other Drug Use Disorders
#21451
AOD Use and Attention Deficit/hyperactivity Disorder

Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often continue to exhibit significant impairment in academic, occupational, and social functioning throughout adulthood. In addition, children with ADHD are at increased risk for developing alcoholism and other drug addictions, ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: AOD Use and Attention Deficit/hyperactivity Disorder
#21452
Lessons from Project Northland: Preventing Alcohol Problems during Adolescence

Project Northland, an ongoing community trial aimed at reducing alcohol use and alcoholrelated problems among adolescents, is nearing completion. The project combines individualbased strategies to encourage adolescents not to use alcohol with community-based strategies to both reduce alcohol ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Lessons from Project Northland: Preventing Alcohol Problems during Adolescence
#21453
A Developmental Behavior-Genetic Perspective on Alcoholism Risk

Although behavioral problems associated with abuse of alcohol emerge during late adolescence and adulthood, some behavioral characteristics indicative of an increased risk of alcoholism may already be obvious during early childhood. Studies in several countries have demonstrated that children with ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: A Developmental Behavior-Genetic Perspective on Alcoholism Risk
#21454
Diagnosis and Assessment of Alcohol Use Disorders among Adolescents

The diagnostic criteria for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) (i.e., alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence) as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) were developed largely from research and clinical experience with adults. Little is known about the ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Diagnosis and Assessment of Alcohol Use Disorders among Adolescents
#21455
Neurochemical Mechanisms Underlying Alcohol Withdrawal

More than 50 years ago, C.K. Himmelsbach first suggested that physiological mechanisms responsible for maintaining a stable state of equilibrium (i.e., homeostasis) in the patient's body and brain are responsible for drug tolerance and the drug withdrawal syndrome. In the latter case, he suggested ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Neurochemical Mechanisms Underlying Alcohol Withdrawal
#21456
Electrophysiological Changes after Repeated Alcohol Withdrawal

The chronic use of alcohol and other drugs leads to adaptive changes in the brain that serve to counteract the effects of the continuous presence of the "offending" drug. When the drug is subsequently withheld, these changes result in neurochemical imbalances that lead to various physiological and ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Electrophysiological Changes after Repeated Alcohol Withdrawal
#21457
Consequences of Alcohol Use in Diabetics

The hormone insulin, which is produced in the pancreas, is an important regulator of blood sugar levels. In people with diabetes, the pancreas does not produce sufficient insulin (type 1 diabetes) or the body does not respond appropriately to the insulin (type 2 diabetes). Alcohol consumption by ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Consequences of Alcohol Use in Diabetics
#21458
Alcohol and the Hormonal Control of Lactation

All mammals produce milk to nourish their young. Milk production (i.e., lactation), which occurs in the mammary glands, is regulated by several hormones, most prominently prolactin and oxytocin. Studies in both humans and laboratory animals have demonstrated that maternal alcohol consumption before ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Alcohol and the Hormonal Control of Lactation
#21459
American Indians and Alcohol

The high prevalence of alcohol use and its consequences among American Indians may be attributed to a number of factors, including the influence of the European colonists who first made large amounts of alcohol available to Indians, as well as current social and cultural factors. Efforts to prevent ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: American Indians and Alcohol
#21460
Drinking Patterns and Drinking Problems among Asian-Americans and Pacific Islanders

Researchers are increasingly investigating the drinking behavior and associated consequences among AsianAmericans and Pacific Islanders (APIs) in the United States. Among adolescents, APIs generally have lower rates of alcohol consumption and appear to be at lower risk for alcohol abuse compared ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Drinking Patterns and Drinking Problems among Asian-Americans and Pacific Islanders
#21461
Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal

Appropriate treatment of alcohol withdrawal (AW) can relieve the patient's discomfort, prevent the development of more serious symptoms, and forestall cumulative effects that might worsen future withdrawals. Hospital admission provides the safest setting for the treatment of AW, although many ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal
#21462
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Does Alcohol Withdrawal Play a Role?

Alcohol use by a pregnant woman may interfere with the development of her fetus. Newborns whose mothers are intoxicated during delivery can experience withdrawal symptoms, such as tremors and even seizures. It is likely that withdrawal also can occur during fetal development. Thus, the possibility ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Does Alcohol Withdrawal Play a Role?
#21463
Science and Research / Alcoholism - Relapse Prevention
February 27, 2013, 08:55:57 AM
Relapse Prevention

A key therapeutic challenge in treating alcohol dependence lies in finding ways of preventing relapse. Yet because relapse is a highly complicated behavior to model, much of the emphasis in neurochemical research has been on the physical withdrawal syndrome. However, some of the findings from ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Relapse Prevention
#21464
Drinking and Drinking-Related Problems among Alaska Natives

In 1996, the most recent year for which data are available, alcohol consumption in Alaska was 2.63 gallons per person1; only eight States had higher rates, many of which are attributable to cross-border alcohol sales (Williams et al. 1998). Alaska's consumption rate has been among the highest in ... (Publication: Alcohol Health & Research World)

Source: Drinking and Drinking-Related Problems among Alaska Natives
#21465
Alonso wins bitter European Grand Prix thriller

NUERBURGRING, Germany: McLaren's Fernando Alonso won a thrilling and chaotic European Grand Prix yesterday while championship leading team mate Lewis Hamilton's run of nine consecutive podium appearances came to an end. The double world champion's victory, after a wheel-banging thrust past ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: Alonso wins bitter European Grand Prix thriller
#21466
Yao Mings will have special beds to fall on during Olympics

If Yao Ming sprains his ankle at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, which hospital will he be rushed to? Silly question, one may think. But the NBA star is all of 2.26 meters tall, and a standard hospital bed is only 2 meters long.Thankfully, Yao and other exceptionally tall athletes can take comfort. ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: Yao Mings will have special beds to fall on during Olympics
#21467
Asia | Middle East / China - World Scene: Australia
February 27, 2013, 08:48:04 AM
World Scene: Australia

TV remote redundant at last It is a scene played out nightly in many homes. A favorite television show is about to start but where is the remote control?A new device that allows viewers to operate the on/off switch or change channels by simple hand gestures may make the remote lost down the back of ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: World Scene: Australia
#21468
Asia | Middle East / China - Across China: Xinjiang
February 27, 2013, 08:48:03 AM
Across China: Xinjiang

Quake rocks Xinjiang More than 2,100 houses have been damaged and 8,250 people evacuated after a 5.7-magnitude earthquake jolted a county in Northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, local officials said yesterday.An official with the Tekes County, Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, in ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: Across China: Xinjiang
#21469
Asia | Middle East / China - World Scene: United States
February 27, 2013, 08:48:03 AM
World Scene: United States

Fat soon to be the norm With the obesity level in the United States continuing to climb, 75 percent of American adults will be overweight and 41 percent obese by 2015, a new study predicts.In the study, researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that the prevalence of ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: World Scene: United States
#21470
Workshop proposes pollution solution

An industrial workshop has proposed using new technology to curb rising levels of mercury pollution from thermal power plants in Southwest China's Guizhou Province. More than 100 small zinc and mercury processing plants using outdated production methods have been ordered to shut down."Mercury ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: Workshop proposes pollution solution
#21471
Environment publication energizing readers

The world is full of surprises - even though fatalism grows at a time of many nightmares caused by the news about climate change, and many actual scenes we see here and there of lasting drought, creeping deserts, dead trees and abandoned farms. In fact, the more sense of urgency people feel, the ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: Environment publication energizing readers
#21472
Six-Party Talks to reconvene in Sept

Chief delegates to the Six-Party Talks on the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue wrapped up their talks in Beijing on Friday with a schedule for further meetings on the denuclearization process but without a deadline for Pyongyang's nuclear declaration and disablement. Working groups will meet before ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: Six-Party Talks to reconvene in Sept
#21473
Rasmussen dropped from Danish team

COPENHAGEN: Tour de France leader Michael Rasmussen has been dropped from the Danish national team after receiving several warnings from the International Cycling Union and anti-doping authorities, the Danish Cycling Union (DCU) said in a statement on Thursday. The DCU did not give details what the ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: Rasmussen dropped from Danish team
#21474
Asia | Middle East / China - IN BRIEF (Page 1)
February 27, 2013, 08:48:02 AM
IN BRIEF (Page 1)

Olympic ceremonies The brainstorming for creative ideas to present never-seen-before shows during the opening and closing ceremonies of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and Paralympics is almost done, after more than a year's preparation, Zhang Yimou, chief director of the four ceremonies and China's ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: IN BRIEF (Page 1)
#21475
Israel frees 250 Palestinian prisoners

Israel freed more than 250 Palestinian prisoners on Friday as part of a US-backed deal to bolster Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas after Hamas Islamists took over the Gaza Strip last month. The prisoners, mostly members of Abbas' secular Fatah faction, arrived in the West Bank city of Ramallah ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: Israel frees 250 Palestinian prisoners
#21476
Kicking open the door to Paris

Frankie Xie Feng had three hobbies in his boyhood: painting, tailoring and raising pigeons. His physicist father encouraged him to learn painting while his mother triggered his interest in tailoring. Despite the hard times of the 1970s when most Chinese struggled to make a living, his mother often ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: Kicking open the door to Paris
#21477
Asia | Middle East / China - Listings: Guangzhou
February 27, 2013, 08:48:01 AM
Listings: Guangzhou

Stage Romantic legend: Cooperating with the Association Francaise d'Action Artistique (AFAA), the Guangzhou Ballet Troupe will perform the ballet classic La Sylphide. It was debuted in 1832 as one of the first cries of a sizable and disgruntled youth movement.Time: 8 pm, July 27, 28 Place: ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: Listings: Guangzhou
#21478
Central bank raises interest rates

China decided to raise interest rates and cut the withholding tax on interest income on Friday in a coordinated move to get the blistering economy onto a healthier footing. The benchmark one-year deposit and lending rates of commercial banks will be raised by 0.27 percentage point, effective from ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: Central bank raises interest rates
#21479
Spaniard sinks Scottish bogie

CARNOUSTIE, Scotland: Sergio Garcia slayed his Carnoustie demons and left Tiger Woods trailing in his wake as he stormed to the top of the leaderboard at the British Open on Thursday. The Spaniard, playing immaculate golf on a course that had reduced him to tears when it last hosted the Open in ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: Spaniard sinks Scottish bogie
#21480
TravelSky to list in its entirety

Hong Kong-listed China TravelSky Technology Ltd's parent company will seek to list in its entirety in Hong Kong to further expand the nation's largest electronic system for booking airline tickets, a senior company official said. "Our parent company will inject key assets into TravelSky to bolster ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: TravelSky to list in its entirety
#21481
Bonds belts 2 homers to revive record race

CHICAGO: Barry Bonds snapped out of his slump in spectacular style on Thursday, belting two home runs to close in on Hank Aaron's all- time Major League Baseball record. The San Francisco slugger homered to right field in the second inning to open the scoring for the Giants, then belted his 753rd ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: Bonds belts 2 homers to revive record race
#21482
Asia | Middle East / China - Eximbank OK'd for HK bonds
February 27, 2013, 08:47:59 AM
Eximbank OK'd for HK bonds

The Export-Import Bank of China has received approval from the central bank to issue renminbi-denominated bonds in Hong Kong. The bank will offer 2 billion yuan in bonds to both institutional and retail investors following approval by the Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong.The policy ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: Eximbank OK'd for HK bonds
#21483
Asia | Middle East / China - Victims of crash return home
February 27, 2013, 08:47:59 AM
Victims of crash return home

Fifteen Taiwan tourists, including six who were injured in a bus crash last Sunday in Jinan, East China's Shandong Province, flew home on Friday on a direct Cross-Straits charter flight. The body of one person, Fu Hsueh-chi, 52, who died in the crash was also put on the flight. Organized by ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: Victims of crash return home
#21484
Asia | Middle East / China - Rainstorms kill 74 in a week
February 27, 2013, 08:47:59 AM
Rainstorms kill 74 in a week

Rainstorms, floods, landslides and mud flows have claimed 74 lives in Southwest China's Chongqing Municipality and East China's Shandong Province, in the past week, the Ministry of Civil Affairs said. The two places have never experienced such heavy rainfall in recent history. Severe damage has ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: Rainstorms kill 74 in a week
#21485
Chinese bookworms going potty about Potter

Across the country, something strange is happening. Bookstores are opening for business at 7 o'clock this morning, two hours earlier than usual. The reason: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the eagerly awaited seventh and final installment, is due out today. And like children around the world, ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: Chinese bookworms going potty about Potter
#21486
'Stowaway' body found on airplane

The Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) has asked its East China branch and the Shanghai airport to investigate why a dead body was found in the landing gear of a United Airlines passenger jet from Shanghai to San Francisco on Thursday. The Shanghai airport has contacted the US side to ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: 'Stowaway' body found on airplane
#21487
Higher payments for railway accidents

People killed or injured in rail accidents will get compensation of up to 150,000 yuan ($19,800) starting from September 1, according to a new regulation approved on Thursday by the State Council. The compensation is much higher than the current upper limit of 40,000 yuan ($5,300), which was based ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: Higher payments for railway accidents
#21488
Court ruling reinstates chief justice

Pakistan's Supreme Court reinstated Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry in an historic ruling on Friday. "The reference has been set aside and the chief justice has been reinstated," Justice Khalil-ur-Rehman Ramday, the head of the 13- member bench, said at the end of the two-month-old case.President ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: Court ruling reinstates chief justice
#21489
On the road: Letter from Lhasa: New take on extended family

Editor's note: Our correspondent has been traveling on the Qinghai- Tibet Railway, sending back dispatches along the way. I didn't expect my visit to the home of Ngawang Dondan to be much different from my previous visits to Tibetan farmers and herdsmen five years ago. But the 71-year-old and his ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: On the road: Letter from Lhasa: New take on extended family
#21490
Public awareness vital to environment

Many of the environmental disasters erupting in the country could have been avoided, or at least wouldn't have been so bad, if there was strong public environmental awareness. One example is the recent public protest against the PX chemical plant planned for Xiamen in East China's Fujian Province. ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: Public awareness vital to environment
#21491
Asia | Middle East / China - China Scene: Central
February 27, 2013, 08:47:58 AM
China Scene: Central

Umbrellas raise bus riders' hackles Bus passengers in Changsha, Hunan Province, have been in a standoff over whether riders should be allowed to raise their umbrellas in transit.The pro-umbrella contingent says it's necessary to shield themselves from the hot summer sun shining through the windows. ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: China Scene: Central
#21492
Asia | Middle East / China - Across the World: Ethiopia
February 27, 2013, 08:47:58 AM
Across the World: Ethiopia

38 released Three minibuses left an Ethiopian prison carrying 38 opposition politicians and activists pardoned by the government on Friday. Dozens of family members and their supporters outside shouted in joy and whistled at their release.The politicians and activists were released only minutes ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: Across the World: Ethiopia
#21493
Asia | Middle East / China - IN BRIEF (Page 12)
February 27, 2013, 08:47:58 AM
IN BRIEF (Page 12)

Soccer Beckham unlikely to face ChelseaDENVER: David Beckham all but ruled himself out of his planned debut for LA Galaxy on Saturday in a friendly against Chelsea. The England midfielder has been struggling to recover from an injury to his left ankle. "At the moment it doesn't look good; there is ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: IN BRIEF (Page 12)
#21494
New move to stem domestic violence

The police will be given more guidance on how to deal with cases of domestic violence, a rising trend in recent years. According to the All-China Women's Federation, domestic violence complaints have risen 70 percent in the past two years.Nine ministries, including the All-China Women's Federation ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: New move to stem domestic violence
#21495
Asia | Middle East / China - Right track to harmony
February 27, 2013, 08:47:57 AM
Right track to harmony

All passenger (1)utrains run in the daytime the 1,142-km stretch from Golmud to Lhasa, which has been open for only a year. Clouds seem to be within reach, nature rolls on in eternal vastness and splendor, and a culture, once mysterious, comes into sharper relief with its ever-growing vivacity and ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: Right track to harmony
#21496
Asia | Middle East / China - China Scene: North
February 27, 2013, 08:47:57 AM
China Scene: North

Keyless? Don't play with handcuffs A couple from Shenyang, Liaoning, called a locksmith for help in the middle of the night last Sunday after being handcuffed together. They had been playing with old handcuffs but to avoid embarrassment told the locksmith they needed help opening their door. The ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: China Scene: North
#21497
Marrow donors help save Taiwan lives

Most people don't look forward to spending a night in hospital, but not Hang Bin. She was beaming on Friday, hours after her bone marrow was extracted at a Beijing hospital and rushed across the Taiwan Straits to help save the life of a teenage girl. Hang, 36, from Suzhou, eastern Jiangsu Province, ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: Marrow donors help save Taiwan lives
#21498
Design award ceremony turns the tide

Hangzhou-born designer Xie Feng got his start in the fashion industry in the early 1980s when China was still a land of simple clothes and sturdy fabrics. There were no fashion magazines, no designer labels and certainly no events such as China Fashion Week. So when Xie entered the Zhejiang ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: Design award ceremony turns the tide
#21499
US urged to treat Chinese imports fairly

The Chinese Embassy in Washington has urged the US to treat China's food and drug exports in a scientific and fair manner, saying exaggeration and complication of the issue is not conducive to the healthy development of bilateral trade. The embassy issued a statement on Thursday after a series of ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: US urged to treat Chinese imports fairly
#21500
Asia | Middle East / China - IN BRIEF (Page 10)
February 27, 2013, 08:47:57 AM
IN BRIEF (Page 10)

Aerospace expo The Asian Aerospace International Expo and Congress, the world's largest civil aerospace show, will debut in Hong Kong from September 3 to 6. The four-day exhibition, located at the AsiaWorld-Expo, was held for more than 20 years in Singapore. This year will feature more than 500 ... (Publication: China Daily)

Source: IN BRIEF (Page 10)