Effects of international trade on the economy?

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I have been tasked with writing a paper for economics class on the subject of international trade, specifically trade deficits and trade surplus.

I've Googled some stuff, but so far everything "international trade" keeps pulling up is how we have an "$800 billion dollar" trade deficit with China.

I need more than just what's in the news. I'm trying to understand HOW international trade affects the economy. So my question is how does international trade affect the economy here in the US?
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