Risks are part of decision making. In the field of Medicine, risks are evaluated in regards to benefits, if the benefit is favorable, then a risky operation/procedure may be undertaken. If, however, the benefits are poor, then taking a risky operation / procedure should be dissuaded. In regards to the latter, ethical issues would arise and should be addressed accordingly.
I'll give a case scenario:A 56 year old woman who comes to the hospital with bradycardia, bradypnea, cbc results indicate total white blood cell count as being abnormally high, blood test came up with catalase positive, for staphylococcus aureus bacterium. With diagnosis of septecemia, the patient was treated with IV Vancomycin. After 6 hours in the Intensive Care Unit, the patient coded. The EKG monitor showed a diminishing QRS formation, which progressed from Ventricular Tachycardia into Ventricular Fibrillation, into Agonal Rhythm and finally into asystole. Despite aggressive cardiopulmonary efforts, which included 3 boluses of epinephrine and defibrillation, the patient did not respond.
In this situation, the attending physician would not open the thoracic cavity and initiate cardiac massage. In this situation, the benefits of such a procedure would be nil considering the septicemia.
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