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RIGHTEOUS AMONG THE NATIONS: The Real Life of Oskar Schindler


Saviour: Oskar Schindler saved 1,200 of his Jewish workers during the Holocaust

Oskar Schindler was an ethnic German born in what is now the Czech Republic, in 1908.

A businessman, he saw the opportunities in profiting from the German invasion of Poland and bought an enamelware factory in Krakow.

He was a member of the Nazi party and mingled with the SS elite in the city.

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Oskar Schindler (center) with some of his Jewish workers at the Krakow enamel factory around 1943

As the Holocaust continued Schindler used his lists to protect the over 1,200 workers and their families on his list.

He would go out of his way to convince SS inspectors that women, children and even the disabled were essential workers in his factory to spare them from being sent to the camps.

Having spent his fortune on bribes and black-market wares to for his workers, a destitute Schindler and his wife fled to Austria after the war.

He died, penniless, in Germany in 1974 at the age of 66, and was buried in Jerusalem. His grave carries the Hebrew inscription 'Righteous among the Nations'.

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This memorial plaque is attached to the outer wall of Oskar Schindler's former emalia (enamel) factory and commemorates this exceptional German man who saved the lifes of 1200 jews during the Second World War.

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Schindler's List
General description:  The ITS is in possession of a list of 1000 Jewish prisoners (700 male and 300 female) who worked for Oskar Schindler as forced labourers.  It was compiled by former camp stenographer Mieczyslaw Pemper upon the prisoners´ arrival October 21, 1944 at Schindler´s Brünnlitz factory.  Pemper personally presented the list to the ITS in 1958.


Oskar Schindler (28 April 1908 – 9 October 1974)

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Schindler wanted to be buried in Jerusalem, as he said, "My children are here".  After a Requiem Mass, Schindler was buried at the Catholic Franciscans' cemetery on Mount Zion, the only member of the Nazi Party to be honoured in this way. A sign at the entrance to the cemetery directs visitors "To Oskar Schindler's Grave". (wikipedia)



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He was quoted as saying "I knew the people who worked for me... When you know people, you have to behave towards them like human beings."

The writer Herbert Steinhouse, who interviewed Schindler in 1948 at the behest of some of the surviving Schindlerjuden (Schindler's Jews), wrote:

    "Oskar Schindler's exceptional deeds stemmed from just that elementary sense of decency and humanity that our sophisticated age seldom sincerely believes in. A repentant opportunist saw the light and rebelled against the sadism and vile criminality all around him. The inference may be disappointingly simple, especially for all amateur psychoanalysts who would prefer the deeper and more mysterious motive that may, if it is true, still lie unprobed and unappreciated. But an hour with Oskar Schindler encourages belief in the simple answer." (wikipedia)


Emilie Schindler receives the Righteous award


Survivors saved by Schindler and their families near Schindler’s grave during the filming of Spielberg’s “Schindler’s List”, Jerusalem

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Pemper helped collaborate the now famous "Schindler's List" to save as many Jewish workers as possible.


Pemper in 1938

Pemper, in collaboration with Schindler and others in the Płaszów concentration camp including Itzhak Stern, compiled and typed the list of over 1,000 Jewish inmates deemed "decisive for the Nazi war effort". (wikipedia)

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At the end of the war, Oskar Schindler presented a speech to his Jewish factory workers stating: "Don’t thank me for your survival...Thank your valiant Stern and Pemper, who stared death in the face constantly."


Amon Leopold Goeth

Pemper testified against Amon Göth at his September 1946 trial in Kraków, Poland, following the end of the war.


Pemper on the witness stand at Goeth's trial


He served as a consultant for Steven Spielberg's 1993 film, Schindler's List.


Pemper was portrayed by actor Grzegorz Kwas in the film.

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