Author Topic: The Classical States of the Philippines (Read 3421 times)

Lorenzo · « **on:** July 20, 2012, 03:20:05 AM »

The Kingdom of Tondo

Tondo, (also referred to as Tundo, Tundun, Tundok, Lusung) was a Philippine fortified kingdom which was located in the Manila Bay area, specifically north of the Pasig River, on Luzon island. It is one of the settlements mentioned by the Philippines' earliest historical record, the Laguna Copperplate Inscription.

Originally an Indianized kingdom in the 10th century, Tondo built upon and capitalized on being central to the long-existing ancient regional trading routes throughout the archipelago to include among others, initiating diplomatic and commercial ties with China during the Ming Dynasty. Thus it became an established force in trade throughout Southeast Asia and East Asia. (See LuÃ§Ãµes). Tondo's regional prominence further culminated during the period of its associated trade and alliance with Brunei's Sultan Bolkiah, when around 1500 A.D. it's peak age as a thalassocratic force in the northern archipelago was realized. When the Spanish first arrived in Tondo in 1570 and defeated the local rulers in the Manila Bay area in 1591, Tondo came under the administration of Manila (a Spanish fort built on the remains of Kota Seludong), ending its existence as an independent state. This subjugated Tondo continues to exist today as a district of the city of Manila.

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #1 on:** July 20, 2012, 03:21:52 AM »

The Kingdom of Butuan

The Kingdom of Butuan was an ancient Indianized kingdom in pre-colonial southern Philippines centered on the present Mindanao island city of Butuan. It was known for its mining of gold, its gold products and its extensive trade network across the Nusantara area. The kingdom had trading relationships with the ancient civilizations of Japan, China, India, Indonesia, Persia, Cambodia and areas now comprised in Thailand.

The balangay (large outrigger boats) that have been found along the east and west banks of the Libertad river have revealed much about Butuan's history. As a result Butuan is considered to have been a major trading port in the Caraga region during the pre-colonial era

Evidence indicates that Butuan was in contact with the Song dynasty of China by at least 1001 AD. The Chinese annal Song Shih recorded the first appearance of a Butuan tributary mission at the Chinese Imperial Court on March 17, 1001 AD and it described Butuan (P'u-tuan) as a small Hindu country with a Buddhist Monarchy in the sea that had a regular connection with the Champa kingdom and intermittent contact with China under the Rajah named KilingThe rajah sent an envoy under I-hsu-han, with a formal memorial requesting equal status in court protocol with the Champa envoy. The request was denied later by the Imperial court, mainly because of favoritism over Champa.A new ruler with the Indianized name Sri Bata Shaja later succeeded in attaining diplomatic equality with Champa by sending the flamboyant ambassador Likanhsieh.

Likanhsieh shocked the Emperor by presenting a memorial engraved on a gold tablet, some white dragon (Bailong ç™½é¾) camphor, Moluccan cloves, and a South Sea slave at the eve of an important ceremonial state sacrifice.This display of irreverence sparked interests from China over the small Rajahnate and the diplomatic relations between the two states reached its peak during the Yuan Dynasty. Chinese records about the Rajahnate stopped after the reign of Rajah Siagu the last independent Rajah of Butuan. He was formally subjugated into the Spanish empire after he made a blood compact with Ferdinand Magellan in 1521.

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #2 on:** July 20, 2012, 03:23:46 AM »

The Rajahnate of Cebu

Rajahante of Cebu was a classical Philippine state which used to exist on Cebu island prior to the arrival of the Spanish. It was founded by Sri Lumay or Rajamuda Lumaya, a minor prince of the Chola dynasty which occupied Sumatra. He was sent by the maharajah to establish a base for expeditionary forces but he rebelled and established his own independent Rajahnate.

According to Visayan folklore, he descended from a native royal family who practiced Hinduism which ruled Cebu. Sri Lumay, was a Malay from Sumatra, who settled in the Visayas, and had several sons. One of his son was Sri Alho, who ruled a land known as Sialo which included the present-day towns of Carcar and Santander in the southern region of Cebu. Sri Ukob ruled a kingdom known as Nahalin in the north which included the present-day towns of ConsolaciÃ³n, Liloan, Compostela, Danao, Carmen and Bantayan.

He died in battle, fighting with the tribal group known as magalos from Mindanao.The youngest of his sons was Sri Bantug who ruled a kingdom known as Singhapala, in a region which is now known as Cebu City, who died of disease and was succeeded by his son Sri Hamabar, also known as Rajah Humabon. Sri Bantug had a brother called Sri Parang, the limp, but could not govern his kingdom because of his infirmity. Parang handed his throne to his nephew Humabon and became the Rajah (king) of Cebu.

This Rajahnate was dissolved during the reign of Rajah Tupas by the forces of conquistador Miguel Lopez de Legaspi in the battle of Cebu during 1565.

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #3 on:** July 20, 2012, 03:26:18 AM »

The Confederation of Madyaas (present day Ilo-Ilo)

The Confederation of Madya-as was a pre-Hispanic Philippine state within the Visayas islands region. It was established in the 13th century by rebel datus (chiefs), led by Datu Puti, who had fled from Rajah Makatunao of Borneo. The semi-democratic confederation reached its peak during the 15th century under the leadership of Datu Padojinog when it warred against the Chinese Empire, the Rajahnate of Butuan, and the sultanates of Sulu and Maguindanao. It was also feared by the people of the Kingdom of Maynila and Tondo.

It was integrated to the Spanish Empire through pacts and treaties (c.1569) by Miguel Lopez de Legaspi and his grandson Juan de Salcedo. During the time of their hispanization, the principalities of the Confederation were already developed settlements with distinct social structure, culture, customs, and religion.

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #4 on:** July 20, 2012, 03:29:57 AM »

The Kingdom of Mai

The Ma-i (also spelled Ma'i, Mai, Ma-yi or Mayi; Chinese: éº»é€¸; PeÌh-Åe-jÄ«: mÃ¡ it) was a Prehispanic Philippine state whose existence was recorded in the Chinese Imperial annals Zhu Fan Zhi and History of Song. It is also recorded in the Sultanate of Brunei's royal records as the nation of Maidh. This state was said to have been centered on the island of Mindoro.

Mai according to Chinese records

In 1225, China's Zhao Rugua, a superintendent of maritime trade in Fukien province wrote the book entitled Zhu Fan Zhi (Chinese: è«¸ç•ªå¿—; literally ""Account of the Various Barbarians"") in which he described trade with a country called Mai (pronounced "Ma-yi") which was a prehispanic Philippine state. In it he said:

The country of Mai is to the north of Borneo. The natives live in large villages on the opposite banks of a stream and cover themselves with a cloth like a sheet or hide their bodies with a loin cloth. There are metal images (Buddhas) of unknown origin scattered about in the tangled wilds. Few pirates reach these shores. When trading ships enter the harbor, they stop in front of the official plaza, for the official plaza is that country's place for barter and trade and once the ship is registered, they mix freely. Since the local officials make a habit of using white umbrellas, the merchants must present them as gifts.

The method of transacting business is for the savage traders to come all in a crowd and immediately transfer the merchandise into baskets and go off with it. If at first they can't tell who they are, gradually they come to know those who remove the goods so in the end nothing is actually lost. The savage traders then take the goods around to the other islands for barter and generally don't start coming back until September or October to repay the ship's merchants with what they have got. Indeed, there are some who don't come back even then, so ships trading with Mai are the last to reach home. San-hsu, Pai-p'u-yen, P'u-li-lu, Li-yin-tung, Liu-hsin, Li-han and etc. are all the same sort of place as Mai.

The local products are beeswax, cotton, true pearls, tortoise shell, medicinal betel nuts and yuta cloth. The merchants use such things as porcelain, trade gold, iron pots, lead, colored glass beads and iron needles in exchange.

Chinese porcelain-ware, Kangxi era (1662â€“1722), Qing Dynasty. Ancient Chinese porcelain excavated in Mindoro, Philippines; proves the existence of trade between the island and Imperial China. This consequently validates Chinese historical records of the area.

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #5 on:** July 20, 2012, 03:34:43 AM »

The Royal Sultanate of Sulu

The Sultanate of Sulu Dar al-Islam[note 1] (Jawi: Ø³Ù„Ø·Ù†Ø© Ø³ÙˆÙ„Ùˆ Ø¯Ø§Ø± Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù…) was an Islamic TausÅ«g state that ruled over many of the islands of the Sulu Sea, in the southern Philippines and several places in northern Borneo. The sultanate was founded in 1457 by a Johore-born Arab explorer and religious scholar Sayyid Abu Bakr Abirin after he settled in Banua Buansa Ummah (ummah is an Arabic term for "community"), Sulu. After the marriage of Abu Bakr and local dayang-dayang (princess) Paramisuli, he founded the sultanate and assumed the title Paduka Mahasari Maulana al Sultan Sharif ul-HÄshim. Sharif ul-HÄshim was a direct descendant of Islamic prophet Muhammad. Currently the issue of who would be the legitimate Sultan of Sulu is disputed by several branches of the Royal Family, although the line of succession fell on the Kiram branch of the royal family from 1823.

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #6 on:** July 20, 2012, 03:36:19 AM »

The Royal Sultanate of Maguindanao

The Sultanate of Maguindanao was a Bangsamoro state that ruled parts of the island of Mindanao, in southern Philippines.
Its known historical influence stretches from the peninsula of Zamboanga to the bay of Sarangani. At its peak, the sultanate covered the entire island of Mindanao, and ruled over the smaller neighboring islands near and around Mindanao.

Shariff Mohammed Kabungsuwan of Johor introduced Islam in the area at the end of the 16th century and established himself as Sultan seated in Malabang-Lanao. He exiled some of his people who deviated from the Islamic faith to Cotabato. He subsequently married dayang-dayang (princess) Paramisuli of the Maguinadanao family ruling class in Dulawan and established the Sultanate of Maguindanao seated in Dulawan and virtually as Sultan of the whole island of the so-called Mindanao. The sultanate was usually centered in the valley of Cotabato.

Asraf Mohamad Samalan Dipatuan Qudratullah Fahar'uddin Nasiruddin, popularly known as Qudarat and whose name as a youth was Ullah Untong, was one of the greatest known sultans who controlled Mindanao. In His island sanctuary in Sulu, he was known as Sultan Nasiruddin and was the Sultan of that Island recognized by the Sulu Sultan and his grave still stands there.

Abd al-Rahman, his grandson, continued increasing the Sultanate's power and influence.

During the Spanish colonial period, the Sultanate of Maguindanao was able to defend their territory, preventing the Spaniards from colonizing the entire Mindanao and ceding the island of Palawan to the Spanish government in 1705. The island priory ceded to him by Sulu Sultan Sahabuddin. This was to have help dissuaded Spanish encroachments into the island of Maguinadanao.

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #7 on:** July 20, 2012, 03:36:37 AM »

Reference: wikipedia

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #8 on:** July 20, 2012, 03:42:10 AM »

The Rajanate of Leyte

The Rajanate of Leyte was a pre-historic Philippine state that controlled what is now modern day Leyte and southern Samar. On March 28, 1521, Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese navigator in the service of the Spanish crown, found the Leyte gateway. Soon after, he reached Limasawa, a 5-square-mile island at the southern tip of Leyte mainland. Here Magellan met the native ruler, Rajah Kolambu, and his brother, Rajah Siagu, chieftain of ButuIn this little island, the first recorded blood compact of treaty of friendship between Magellan and Rajah Kolambu took place, the first mass was celebrated, and Magellan, after planting a cross on a hilltop, took possession of the territory in the name of Spain.

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #9 on:** July 20, 2012, 03:43:22 AM »

Puro muslim man diay atong ancestors. Rajah Kulambo of Leyte was a muslim, Rajah Sikatuna of Bohol was a muslim, Rajah Humabon of Cebu was a muslim.

Had not Spain come to take over the Philippines and enforced a radical Hispanification (and also Christianization), the Philippines would have remained predominantly muslim. We would have been like Indonesia and Malaysia. Muslim Malays.

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Author Topic: The Classical States of the Philippines (Read 3421 times)

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The Classical States of the Philippines

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