Author Topic: How Did the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution Start  (Read 9843 times)

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How Did the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution Start
« on: February 22, 2012, 07:42:11 AM »
By Ben Cal

That fateful day in the afternoon of February 22, 1986 shocked the whole country when then Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile and Armed Forces acting chief of staff Lt. Gen. Fidel V. Ramos declared during a hastily called press conference in Camp Aguinaldo their breakaway from the regime of then President Ferdinand E. Marcos.

As night editor of the Philippines News Agency, I was preparing to report to the office for duty that day when I heard about the shocking news.

By all indication a full blown revolution was in the offing.

The Enrile-Ramos defiance against Marcos who had ruled the country with iron hand for 20 years was beamed live on television worldwide.

Marcos was angry upon learning that his two former close allies had not only abandoned him but challenged his government.

There were intelligence reports that Marcos had ordered the arrest of Enrile after the Presidential Security Command (PSC) uncovered a coup plot by the Reform the Armed Forces Movement (RAM) closely identified with the defense minister.

This prompted Enrile to take action before it was too late. Ramos sided with Enrile.

“Enough is enough, Mr. President,” Enrile’s voice thundered at the Social Hall of the Ministry of National Defense during the press conference in Camp Aguinaldo.

Marcos tried to play down the uprising by appearing on live television and told Enrile and Ramos to stop this foolishness.

But they have already burned their bridges.

February 22, 1986

At about 3:30 p.m. of February 22, 1986, Army Col. Gregorio “Gringo” Honasan, Air Force Col. Eduardo “Red” Kapunan and Constabulary Maj. Noe Wong arrived at the residence of Enrile to inform him of their impending arrest.

Enrile called up Ramos for support then proceeded to Camp Aguinaldo. Earlier that day, Finance Minister Roberto Ongpin had called to inform him that his security escorts were arrested. A crackdown was in the offing with the arrest of Ongpin’s bodyguards was ominous.

Then Ramos received the news that Enrile was about to be arrested. Soon after, Enrile was on the phone saying, “Eddie (Ramos’ nickname) the time has come. Are you with me?” Ramos sided with Enrile.

Ramos packed an overnight bag and kissed Mrs. Amelita Ramos and their five daughters, goodbye. He went straight to Camp Aguinaldo via a circuitous route to avoid being tailed by military agents loyal to Marcos.

During the press conference, together with Enrile, Ramos said: “The reason for my being here is because the Armed Forces of the Philippines has ceased to be the Armed Forces which is supposed to be the defender of public safety and enforcer of the law. What has developed under Marcos and Ver is an elite armed forces within the AFP that no longer represents the ranks and the officer corps of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.”

“If anyone of us will be killed, then all of us will be killed,” Enrile added.

The die was cast for the rebel soldiers. They were no match with the firepower of the military troops loyal to Marcos.

When Jaime Cardinal Sin, Manila archbishop, was informed that Enrile and Ramos needed his support he went over the radio to call on the people to go to Camp Aguinaldo immediately to protect the beleaguered military rebels from harm.

More than two million people from all walks of life responded to the call of the Cardinal, thus the “people-power” was born.

The first day of the uprising was crucial for both the military rebels and government forces. Though undermanned and outgunned, the Enrile-Ramos camp gained the upper hand for the overwhelming support of the people and the aspect of psychological warfare.

On the second day of the revolt, Enrile followed Ramos to Camp Crame nearby to consolidate their forces.

Government troops also had joined the military rebels on the second day of the revolt.

By the third day, tanks and armoured personnel carriers sent to assault Camp Aguinaldo were blocked by a sea of humanity along Epifanio delos Santos Avenue (EDSA).

People from all walks of life, carrying rosaries and crucifix knelt in the streets to stop tanks and armoured vehicles from proceeding to Camp Crameand Camp Aguinaldo. The assaulting soldiers instead joined the people.

A Philippine Marine unit tasked to fire their cannons at the military rebels also declined to obey the order from higher authorities, preventing a bloodbath of unimaginable proportion.

Also on the third day, the standoff was broken and tilted to the military rebels as the 15th Strike Wing of the Philippine Air Force (PAF) defected, bringing with them helicopter gunships and F5 jet-fighters.

Two Sikorsky helicopter gunships later flew over Malacanang Palace and fired warning shots of air-to-ground rockets and machinegun fire at the periphery of the presidential house.

On the fourth day, Feb. 25, 1986, Marcos and members of his family fled Malacanang, ending his 20-year regime.

President Corazon C. Aquino, widow of the late opposition Sen. Benigno S. Aquino Jr., was proclaimed the 11th President of the Republic of the Philippines following her victory during the snap presidential election called by Marcos, restoring democracy in the country. (PNA)
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Re: How Did the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution Start
« Reply #1 on: February 22, 2012, 01:48:17 PM »
EDSA’s untold story

By MAYOR ALFREDO LIM
February 21, 2010

(While many consider Manila Mayor Alfredo Lim as one of the heroes of the 1986 EDSA People Power revolution, many still do not know the crucial role he played in the peaceful, non-violent uprising that toppled President Ferdinand Marcos from power.

Here, in an excerpt from a book written by the late National Artist Nick Joaquin, EDSA’s untold story is finally narrated.)


Epifanio delos Santos Avenue was part of his turf as superintendent of the Northern Police District and so General Alfredo Lim knew of the crisis on EDSA from the start.  Early evening of Saturday, February 22, 1986, people were gathering to block the stretch of highway between Camp Aguinaldo and Camp Crame.

EDSA could have been stopped right away had the orders of Marcos been obeyed.  But these were sidestepped by his soldiers and police who dodged the command to disperse the EDSA crowd.

“I was in my office at headquarters, Camp Sikatuna, that Saturday afternoon, watching the unfolding event on television when General Olivas, Metrocom commander, rang me up and asked if I knew what was going on.

“I said yes and he told me to mobilize all my officers and men and wait for further orders.  So I bade my chiefs and men of Quezon City, Caloocan City, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela and San Juan, to assemble all their available units at Sikatuna headquarters.  About 800 came,” Lim said.

Lim, however, managed to while away the night without moving on EDSA.  For one thing, the leaders of the rebellion – Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile and PC-INP General Fidel Ramos – were Lim’s immediate bosses.  And there was Cardinal Sin on Radio Veritas appealing to the people to help Enrile and Ramos and their men.

Lim decided to heed the call of His Eminence.

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Re: How Did the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution Start
« Reply #2 on: February 22, 2012, 01:52:34 PM »
“We were monitoring developments at EDSA and had learned that at about ten p.m. Butch Aquino and his ATOM boys had marched from Cubao to join the EDSA crowds.  Then, at daybreak of Sunday, the Butch Aquino group retired after an all-night vigil on EDSA.  The crowd left on the highway was less than a thousand by then.”

Lim then sent at about 8 a.m., Sunday, the Quezon City police chief, Colonel Dawis, to contact Butch Aquino on EDSA.  This made Malacañang think that Lim was on the job.

“I had stressed to General Dawis that there was to be no police dispersal action in EDSA unless I gave the order.”

That Sunday morning, February 23, Lim received specific orders on EDSA, relayed from the Army commander himself, Gen. Josephus Ramas: Clear EDSA at once!

“There were frequent calls to my office from the office of General Ver, asking about my whereabouts, but I had instructed my staff not to tell where I was and to say only that I was on patrol.

“Actually, I was at the necrological services for Major Luna, one of my officers, who had died of a heart attack. But the calls from General Ver through his officers became so persistent – they were all searching for me! – that finally, towards noon or about eleven o’clock, I went to EDSA.”

Lim made his appearance at the P. Tuazon corner of the highway.

“I met with Colonel Dawis and he told me that General Ramas had sent CDC troops (the army’s crowd-control unit) under the command of Colonel Javier.  I went to see Colonel Javier and he told me his orders were to contact me and await instructions from me.

“I said to him: ‘Okey, just stay put.’  There were about 250 of them, equipped with batons and shields.

They bivouacked at the EDSA-Tuason corner.  Three doors away was the Lagman Antique Shop, where I set up my command post,” Lim recalled.

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Re: How Did the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution Start
« Reply #3 on: February 22, 2012, 01:54:55 PM »
By Sunday noon the EDSA crowd had increased to 5,000, still a manageable mass.  Lim could have cleared the highway without sweat, but he ordered neither his men nor the CDC troops to start sweeping.  Then, after Cardinal Sin had gone on air, the highway really filled up.

“The Cardinal’s appeal to the people to rush to EDSA and defend Ramos and Ponce Enrile was replayed several times over the radio and the people really came rushing!  I again urged Colonel Dawis to Contact Butch Aquino but Butch Aquino could not be located.”

At 2:45 p.m. Lim was notified by Quezon City mobile police that he was urgently being ordered to call the Study Room in Malacañang.  Lim rang up the Study Room, the President’s office, and listened to the vexed voice of Marcos.

“General Lim, what’s happening out there?”

“Mr. President, there are many people converging on EDSA, between Crame and Aguinaldo.”

“Then you tell them to go home because we are going to shell Crame.  Tell them to disperse so they won’t get hurt.  We are sending in tanks, mortars, and artillery.  So be sure to disperse them at all cost!”

“Yes, sir, Mr. President!”

What Lim did was to ring up the office of General Olivas, his superior.  The one who answered was Colonel Mitch Templo, who said that Olivas was sleeping.

“Well, wake him up!” yelled Lim.  “This is urgent.  I have orders from President Marcos to disperse the crowds on EDSA and I want to refer the matter to General Olivas.”

Colonel Templo said he would call back.  But when he did, it was to say that General Olivas had been sedated and could not be disturbed on doctor’s orders.  The implication was that Olivas was ill and might have suffered a slight heart attack.

Then the phone rang again.

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Re: How Did the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution Start
« Reply #4 on: February 22, 2012, 01:59:36 PM »
“This time it was Colonel Alex Aguirre, a classmate of mine at the National Defense College, and he said he was in Camp Crame with General Ramos, and to hold my line because Ramos wanted to talk to me."

“While I was waiting, into the Lagman Antique Shop strode Butch Aquino.  He said: ‘General, in other days you were chasing us.  Today we are protecting the soldiers at Crame.’  I said to him: ‘Good, but wait!’  So Butch stayed at the doorway while I talked with General Ramos.”

This talk on the telephone was one of the most crucial moments at EDSA.

“Fred, what are your orders?”

“My orders, Sir, are to disperse the crowds at EDSA at all costs.”

“Fred, if there’s a dispersal, we will all be wiped out here.  I have with me Minister Enrile, former Chiefs of Staff Espino and Vargas, Assemblyman Cayetano, among many others.  Our only weapons are M-16s and M-14s which are ineffective against artillery, tanks and mortars.  I hear there is an Army CDC group there and they are armed with heavy weapons.”

“No, sir.  I talked with Colonel Javier and he told me that their only equipment are riot batons and shields.”

“You check.  Their weapons are hidden in their six-by-six trucks.  Anyway, Fred, bahala ka na.”

That was what won Lim.  Ramos did not simply order: “Do not disperse!”  He was tactful enough to leave the deciding to the police superintendent.

Bahala ka na.  And Lim at that moment knew where he stood.

And then there came Butch Aquino asking: “Are you going to disperse us?”

“No,” replied Lim, “but you, Cardinal Sin and the rebels should talk to President Marcos and see if this matter can be settled peacefully.”

“I promise.”

“Gentleman’s agreement?”  pressed Butch Aquino.  “Usapang lalaki?”

“Usapang Lalaki,” agreed Lim, rising to shake hands with Butch Aquino, who hurried out to inform his waiting companions: “No dispersal, I already talked to General Lim.”  With relief, everybody applauded.

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Re: How Did the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution Start
« Reply #5 on: February 22, 2012, 02:01:59 PM »
At five p.m. Lim was notified that Malacañang was looking for him.  He rang up the Study Room – and here again was the Marcos voice, rather furious.

“General, you failed me!”  And the strongman demanded to know why there was no dispersal action as of the moment.

“Mr. President, it is physically impossible to conduct dispersal operation.”

“Why? Why?” Mr. Marcos demanded.

“Because there are 35,000 to 40,000 people on EDSA and I have only 126 men with me.”

(These 126 men under Colonel Dawis were the only ones that Lim had ordered to be with him.  The rest of his police officers and men – the majority – he had deliberately left behind in Camp Sikatuna.)

“All right, listen,” said Mr. Marcos, “I will send you additional reinforcements: two more Army battalions – but be sure you disperse at all costs!  Tell the crowd to go home – that Crame is going to be shelled.”

“Yes, Sir, Mr. President.”

But to himself Lim was exclaiming:

Patay na!

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Re: How Did the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution Start
« Reply #6 on: February 22, 2012, 02:05:11 PM »
Then came a call from his compadre, General Victor Natividad, who had just been appointed PC chief in lieu of Fidel Ramos.  (General Olivas, the first choice, could not be located and was still being said to be ill.)  General Natividad had rung up Lim to join him at the Meralco compound in Ortigas, and to bring along the Army CDC group.

“Yes, Sir!” cried Lim in rapture.  No more need to worry about what to do on EDSA.  He was being ordered to pull out of EDSA!

“I ordered Colonel Javier to pack up and join us in Meralco.  So we went to Meralco compound in Ortigas and there we waited for General Natividad.

And before us passed these tanks from the EDSA-Ortigas crossing and going towards Pasig.  We didn’t know these were the tanks stopped by nuns and other brave spirits and had been forced to detour away from EDSA.  This was toward six p.m.”

Shortly after, his compadre, General Natividad, arrived: Lim presented himself, his police group, and the Army CDC contingent: “Here we are General, reporting as ordered.”

“Yes, but where are the tanks?”

“What tanks?  Oh, we saw them passing just a while ago, on their way to Pasig.”

“Going to Pasig?”  General Natividad looked horrified.  “But why to Pasig?”

(These tanks were supposed to have thundered their way down EDSA to Crame and to have blasted their way onto that rebel camp.)

The phone rang: it was the First Lady, Madame Imelda Marcos.  She wanted to speak to the new PC chief.  When General Natividad returned from that telephone conversation, Lim seized that opportunity to get his men out of the scene.  It was eight p.m.  He and his men had been on duty since morning, had no lunch, had no rest.  Couldn’t they be allowed to return to Camp Sikatuna for supper, a bath, and a bit of rest?

General Natividad granted the request, and Lim returned to headquarters with his men.

That was Sunday night; to get back to Sikatuna they had to detour through Libis; EDSA had become impassable, barricaded by over 100,000 human blocks.

General Lim had done what he had to do: keep EDSA from being stopped; keep EDSA going.

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Re: How Did the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution Start
« Reply #7 on: February 23, 2012, 11:00:09 AM »
...than to speak out and remove all doubt." - Abraham Lincoln

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Re: How Did the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution Start
« Reply #8 on: February 25, 2012, 10:51:16 AM »
Enrile To Ramos: Are You With Me?

By BEN CAL*
February 24, 2012, 7:17pm
Manila Bulletin

(Editor’s note: The writer has covered the defense beat since 1974)

MANILA, Philippines — “Eddie, the time has come.  Are you with me?”

That question, put by Juan Ponce Enrile to Fidel Ramos on the phone, sealed the alliance that would challenge the armies of President Ferdinand Marcos in February 1986.

I was the night editor of the Philippines News Agency (PNA), the stateowned news agency, when the EDSA uprising broke out. Monitoring the events on television I was anticipating a bloodbath.

The breakaway military group of Enrile, the defense minister, and Ramos, the AFP Vice Chief of Staff, was entrenched in Camp Crame, ringed by the army of President Ferdinand Marcos.  It was a terrible mismatch.

The battle lines were drawn along EDSA, but the no-man’s land between the two forces was soon engulfed by a sea of humanity.  People Power was born.

Many attribute the “miracle” on EDSA to divine intervention.  They could be right, if you consider Manila Archbishop Jaime Cardinal Sin’s radio appeal for people to rush to EDSA to protect Enrile and Ramos’ ragtag band from the thousands of troops and column of tanks that Marcos had sent to crush the uprising.

Several thousands rallied to Sin’s call in the early evening of February 22.  The crowd would balloon to two million in the next four days.

Flashback to the afternoon of February 22, when Col. Gregorio “Gringo” Honasan, Col. Eduardo Kapunan and Maj. Noe Wong arrived at Defense Minister Enrile’s residence in Makati City.  They informed Enrile of their impending arrest.

Enrile called Ramos to ask his support.

At his house in Alabang, Ramos had just received the news that Enrile was about to be arrested. Soon after, the phone rang.  It was Enrile calling.

“Eddie (Ramos’ nickname), the time has come.  Are you with me?” Enrile said.


*(my note: if memory serves me right, ben cal is from tagbilaran city.)

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Re: How Did the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution Start
« Reply #9 on: February 25, 2012, 10:54:18 AM »
Ramos had earlier promised Enrile that he and the entire Philippine Constabulary would back up the defense minister.

Ramos prepared to join Enrile who was in Camp Aguinaldo.  He instructed his driver, M/Sgt. Abel Modequillo to take a circuitous route as a security measure.  His convoy arrived at 6 p.m. in Camp Aguinaldo.

At a hastily called press conference at the Social Hall of the Ministry of National Defense, Enrile and Ramos jointly declared their breakaway from Marcos.

“Enough is enough, Mr. President,” Enrile said.

Ramos declared he was casting his lot with Enrile.  “The reason for my being here is because the Armed Forces of the Philippines has ceased to be the real Armed Forces which is supposed to be the defender of public safety and enforcer of the law.  What has developed under Marcos and Ver is an elite armed forces within the AFP that no longer represents the ranks and the officers’ corps of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.”

By this time, Cardinal Sin had aired his appeal.

Butz Aquino, brother of slain Sen. Benigno S. Aquino Jr. arrived at Aguinaldo with his supporters in ATOM (August Twenty One Movement).  He declared they were ready to protect Enrile and Ramos and the rest of the rebel soldiers “with our bodies.”

At 9 o’clock that evening, Ramos transferred from Aguinaldo to the Constabulary headquarters in Camp Crame to consolidate his defensive position.

Just before midnight of February 22, Marcos appeared on TV, accusing Enrile of plotting a coup.  Marcos warned Enrile and Ramos that he could annihilate them, together with the rebel forces and called on them to surrender to end “this stupidity.”

Cut off for the first time from Ramos whom I have covered for many years, I relied on other sources for my news dispatches.  I learned from one such source that the forces of Enrile and Ramos had prepared a contingency plan for any such attack.

They would defend Camp Aguinaldo and Camp Crame for a while after which they would disperse into small groups and launch a guerrilla warfare.

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Re: How Did the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution Start
« Reply #10 on: February 25, 2012, 10:56:47 AM »
The crowd that gathered along EDSA stood their ground.  Brig. Gen. Alfredo Lim, commander of the Northern Police District, defied an order from Marcos to disperse the crowd.  Instead, he and his men defected to the Enrile-Ramos camps.

On the second day of the uprising, Sin continued his call for people power over “Radyo Bandido” with the help of broadcaster June Keithley.

On the second day, Ramos invited Enrile to join him at Camp Crame nearby.  Enrile and the RAM boys joined Ramos at the PC headquarters that afternoon.

That morning, military rebels attacked the government TV station Channel 4 which was guarded by soldiers loyal to Marcos.  The rebel soldiers overran the TV station after a brief gunfight.

I proceeded to Camp Crame where I saw the multitude gathered on EDSA.

A column of armored Landing Tank Vehicles (LTV) and Armored Personnel Carriers (APC) from the Philippine Marines, backed by other military vehicles under Brig. Gen. Artemio Tadiar arrived near the vicinity of Ortigas Avenue along EDSA.

The tanks threatened to mow people down under its massive metallic weight unless the crowd cleared the path leading to Camp Crame.  But the crowd stood their ground. Steadfast in their faith, the people kneeled in the middle of EDSA, raised their rosaries, brandished their crucifixes, and lifted their voices in prayers that drowned the rumble of the idling armored vehicles.

Tadiar gave the order to withdraw to Fort Bonifacio.  Another case of divine intervention?  Prayers and faith averted what could have been a bloody battle.

On the second day of the uprising, more soldiers defected to the Enrile-Ramos camp, and on the third day, February 24, an unexpected turn of events: The 15th Strike Wing of the Philippine Air Force (PAF) led by Col. Antonio Sotelo joined the rebels.

Many of the crowd cried tears of joy thanking God and through the intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the patron saint of the Philippines, for answering their prayers at the time the country needed most.

On Day 3, two Sikorsky helicopter gunships fired rockets at Malacanang.

On February 25, the First Scout Ranger Brigade of Brig. Gen. Felix Brawner defected to the rebels.  It was the last major fighting force of the Marcos regime.

http://www.mb.com.ph/

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