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Intrauterine hypoxia stimulates erythropoietin. Infants are born with high levels of hemoglobin and erythrocytes in their blood, which down-regulates erythropoietin. Progressive drop in hemoglobin during the first 2-3 months is the signal to the infant's body to increase erythrocytes production. Called physiologic anemia of infancy, this is considered normal and no treatment is needed.