Scientific Theories about Déjà VuCurrently, there are four main scientific hypotheses about déjà vu:
1. Dual processing glitch. Memory may involve a set of neurons that signal when a stimulus is familiar, and another set that retrieves already stored data. Déjà vu might arise when the familiarity system functions independently of the retrieval system.
2. Seizures. Epileptic seizures are sometimes accompanied by a déjà vu experience, leading some researchers to suggest that all déjà vu might be caused by small brain seizures. There is also data demonstrating that déjà vu occurs when certain brain regions are electrically stimulated.
3. Missing context. It could be that déjà vu happens when the brain retrieves something from our vast memory bank of images and perceptions—without filling in the situational context.
4. Double perception theory. Déjà vu occurs when there is a slight interruption in our normal perceptual processing. When our attention returns a moment later, we feel that we’ve already processed this perception before.
Scientists have attempted to come up with studies to trigger or replicate déjà vu-like experiences. For instance, students at two universities were shown photos of the other campus and asked to quickly locate superimposed cross-shaped markers. After viewing more photos of the other campus three weeks later, including some that had appeared in the first task, 89% of the students thought that they had been to the other campus before and 50% reported feeling déjà vu. These results support the double perception theory. When they were intent on locating the cross-shaped markers, students were not paying attention to the other elements in the photos. When they looked at the photos later, they experienced déjà vu.
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