In the heyday of psychoanalysis, Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud were its most famous and influential practitioners. But in 1912 Jung broke with Freud, and over the rest of his career would develop his own notions of consciousness and personality theory, placing little emphasis on supposedly repressed childhood experiences and a great deal of emphasis on “ancestral memories” that he called “archetypes.” Jung, who founded the field of analytical psychology, claimed that humans have a shared collective unconsciousness, and that there is a body of human knowledge that is innate—things we know without having learned them, archetypes that have been imprinted on the human mind through history and passed down through the generations.
Although some of Jung’s work continues to be impactful in mainstream psychology today (he was the first to identify and distinguish extroversion and introversion, for example, and his work laid the foundation for the Briggs-Meyer personality test) and although there are still many devoted Jungians, his work, like Freud’s has largely fallen out of favor within mainstream psychology, where it tends to be dismissed as akin to New Age mysticism.
Jungian analysis focuses primarily on dream interpretation and there are about 2,500 practicing Jungian analysts in the world today—about 10% of them working in Jung’s native Switzerland.
Carl Jung died in Zurich at age 85 on June 6, 1961, sixty-one years ago today.
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