MikeLigalig.com

Sigi na lang nga buslot ang sampot basta wa lang mapulpog ang itlog...

Ni Romeo T. Limpangog, RUB (Banat) | Updated May 31, 2015 - 12:00am


CEBU, Philippines - Nabuslot ang sampot sa usa ka tawo nga biktima sa pagpamusil didto sa Beatriz Village, Barangay Poblacion, Danao kaniadto’ng Biyernes sa gabii.

Si SPO3 Ildefonzo Prosia sa Danao Police Station miila sa biktima nga si Hubert Batiquin Jr., 34, taga Barangay Tuburan Sur, dakbayan sa Danao.

Matud ni SPO3 Prosia nga nagsakay ang biktima sa iyang motorsiklo ug nagdagan kini diha’ng kalit lang siya nga gipusil.

Ang wala hiilhi’ng tawo dali usab nga nakasibat pahilayo ug ang biktima gidala sa Danao Provincial Hospital.

Dugang pa ni SPO3 Prosia nga human sa pasiuna’ng pagtambal sa mga doktor sa biktima, gibalhin kini sa Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center sa dakbayan sa Sugbo.

Si SPO3 Prosia nagtuo nga paregla lang ang maong pagpamusil kay wala may gikaaway ang biktima sa maong dapit.

Hinuon ang kapolisan mohimo pa og dugang imbestigasyon sa maong hitabo pamasin nga mailhan nila ang mipusil ni Batiquin.  (BANAT NEWS)

Henry Joseph Darger, Jr. (/ˈdÉ'rdÊ'É™r/; c. April 12, 1892 â€" April 13, 1973) was a reclusive American writer and artist who worked as a hospital custodian in Chicago, Illinois. He has become famous for his posthumously discovered 15,145-page, single-spaced fantasy manuscript called The Story of the Vivian Girls, in What is Known as the Realms of the Unreal, of the Glandeco-Angelinian War Storm, Caused by the Child Slave Rebellion, along with several hundred drawings and watercolor paintings illustrating the story. The visual subject matter of his work ranges from idyllic scenes in Edwardian interiors and tranquil flowered landscapes populated by children and fantastic creatures, to scenes of horrific terror and carnage depicting young children being tortured and massacred. Much of his artwork is mixed media with collage elements. Darger's artwork has become one of the most celebrated examples of outsider art. --Wiki

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROW9F-c0kIQ

Last month, it was announced that this ocean-cleaning systemâ€"which the company says is the world’s firstâ€"will be deployed in 2016. They’re planning to station it near the Japanese island of Tsushima, situated in between Japan’s Nagasaki prefecture and South Korea. The detritus-catching apparatus will be 6,500 feet wide and is being called the longest floating structure ever placed in the ocean.

Eventually, more of these storm-resistant, plastic-gathering structures will be placed around the world, if all goes according to plan.

This August, meanwhile, the Ocean Cleanup is sending 50 vessels to scour the area between Hawaii and California to make the first hi-res map of plastic floating in the Pacific.

Slat leads a team of 100 oceanographers, naval engineers, translators, designers, and others. He’s also getting support from key political figures, like the mayor of Tsushima and the mayor of Los Angeles.

The Ocean Cleanup started with a crowdfunding campaign last year that raised $2 million. Pretty incredible for a 20-year-old with a big idea.

The Ingenious Plan for the Ocean to Clean Itself Is Led By a 20-Year-Old
http://gizmodo.com/
Bryan Lufkin
6/02/15 9:00am





A Dutch man barely out of his teens is leading one of the most ambitious ocean cleanup efforts ever: to halve the amount of plastic debris floating in the Pacific within a decade.

The man’s name is Boyan Slat, and he’s come up with a pretty ingenious way of doing it. Instead of clamoring around the globe on a never-ending junk hunt, he wants the ocean to “clean itself.”

Every year, 8 million tons of plastic are dumped into the oceans. Slat’s plan is to place enormous floating barriers in rotating tidal locations around the globe (called gyres), and let the plastic waste naturally flow into capture. These barriers aren’t netsâ€"sea life gets tangled in those. They’re big, V-shaped buffers anchored by floating booms.

Slat’s nonprofit, the Ocean Cleanup, says the current will flow underneath those booms, where animals will be carried through safely. The buoyant plastic is funneled above and concentrates at the water’s surface along the barriers for easy gathering and disposal.

Strange Prophetic Story By Edgar Allen Poe
By James Donahue


There is a gruesome story in the records of sailing ships involving the Mignonette, a yawl commanded by a Captain Tom Dudley that left Southampton, England, in 1884 on a long voyage to Australia, and foundered in a hurricane in the South Atlantic.

The crew of the Mignonette, Dudley, the mate, Edwin Stephens, and two deck hands, Edmund Brooks and Richard Parker, were cast adrift in an open boat, some 1,600 miles from land, with few provisions. After 19 days in that boat, with no food or water, the crew became desperate. After Parker drank sea water and became delirious, the other crew members decided to kill and eat him. Their reasoning was that Parker was near death anyway and he had no family.

As the story is told the three men lived on Parker's remains for 35 days until they were rescued by a steamship strangely named the Montezuma. (Montezuma was the last great ruler of the Aztecs in South America, who were known to hold human sacrificial ceremonies, and may have even eaten their victims.)

In the end, the British court found Dudley, Stephens and Brooks guilty of murder on the high seas and sentenced them to six months of hard labor. After that they left the country.

What was especially odd about the Mignonette story was that 40 years earlier, English author Edgar Allan Poe published his only effort at a novel, a failed book named The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket. The story line in the book was about Pym and a friend, who set sail from Nantucket. While at sea their boat capsized and the two men survive for several days on the floating hull with two other men.

After days of starving, the men decided that the only say for any of them to survive was for one to be sacrificed for cannibalism. The men drew lots to decide who should be killed and eaten. The cabin boy drew the short straw. And his name was Richard Parker.

The question here is if Poe, who was a known opium user who penned his great works of literature while under the influence of the drug, was in some way able to generate a prophetic view of a future event?

The similarities between the Poe story and the real killing of the young crew member Richard Parker some 40 years later were amazingly accurate. It was as if Poe saw this event in an opiate dream and then described it in his book. -- http://perdurabo10.tripod.com/

In the 19th century, the famous horror writer, Egdar Allan Poe, wrote a book called 'The narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym'. It was about four survivors of a shipwreck who were in an open boat for many days before they decided to kill and eat the cabin boy whose name was Richard Parker. Some years later, in 1884, the yawl, Mignonette, foundered, with only four survivors, who were in an open boat for many days. Eventully the three senior members of the crew, killed and ate the cabin boy. The name of the cabin boy was Richard Parker. -- http://www.oddee.com/

...according to MasterCard’s 2015 Global Destination Cities Index.

Ni Romeo T. Limpangog/GMR (Banat) | Updated June 4, 2015 - 12:00am


CEBU, Philippines - Gibalhug sa detention cell sa Presinto 3 sa Mandaue City Police Office (MCPO) ang usa ka babaye nga gireklamo sa tulo ka babaye sa pagpasiugda niini og ilegal nga negosyo ug daku’ng kantidad nga salapi ang nakuha gikan kanila.

Si Police Officer 3 Peter Martinez sa Presinto 3 sa MCPO niila sa suspek nga si Kreestal Klaire Branzuela Flores, 27-anyos, taga sitio Mabugat, barangay Tabok, dakbayan sa Mandaue.

Matud ni Martinez nga ang mga biktima nga nangreklamo mao sila si Jean Mendoro Bastasa, 36, Jacueline Kapaw-an Arriba, 33 ug Mary Rose Guangco Commendador, 36, pulos taga dakbayan sa Mandaue.

Dugang ni Martinez nga nakombinsir sa suspek ang biktima sa pag-invest sa ila’ng kuwarta alang sa dinagku nga delivery sa ila’ng produkto nga Glutathione capsules nga gi-import gikan sa gawas sa nasud.

Mokabat sa P400,000 nga salapi ang na-invest nga kuwarta pinaagi sa Kwarta Padala bugti sa produkto nga ipadala ngadto kanila.

Si Martinez niingon nga nilabay na lang ang daghang mga buwan wala’y Glutathione capsules nga niabot.

Matud ni Martinez nga daghan pa’ng biktima ang nahidangat sa ila’ng buhatan nga may sama’ng reklamo batok sa suspek hinungdan nga kini gidakop ug gikatakda’ng pasakaan og kaso nga large scale estafa batok niini. (BANAT NEWS)

People get divorced for all sorts of reasons, but what’s the silliest? That award probably goes to a Bosnian couple that officially split in 2007 after the couple discovered that the secret online affairs they were both having happened to be with each other. -- http://thechive.com/

As far as hygiene was concerned, the researchers observed no differences between decontamination using cold versus hot water or rinsing with mouthwash.

In fact, the only two toothbrushes in the study that owners claimed they regularly rinsed with mouthwash showed telltale signs of fecal contamination.

"Using a toothbrush cover doesn't protect a toothbrush from bacterial growth, but actually creates an environment where bacteria are better suited to grow by keeping the bristles moist and not allowing the head of the toothbrush to dry out between uses," says Aber.

Communal or not, the bathroom is an environment that makes toothbrushes vulnerable to contamination with substances from the toilet, according to the study that was presented at the annual meeting of the American Society for Microbiology.

What's more, hollow-headed power toothbrushes could attract and transmit even more bacteria than solid ones, according to another recent study conducted at Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Dentistry.

"Toothbrushes can transmit microorganisms that cause disease and infections. A solid-head design allows for less growth of bacteria and bristles should be soft and made of nylon," says lead author Donna Warren Morris, R.D.H., M.Ed.

Finding a solid-head power toothbrush can be a daunting process because as Morris points out, the packaging does not normally indicate that aspect of the head design.


The study was published in the Journal of Dental Hygiene.

Communal bathrooms are hothouses for toothbrush bacteria: study
AFP Relax â€" 14 hours ago


Toothbrushes in communal bathrooms could be playing a game of catch with the bacteria fecal coliforms, spreading it far and wide in a short time, according to a new study.

If the name "fecal coliforms" gives you the willies, the bacteria originates in the intestines, just as the name suggests.

"The main concern is not with the presence of your own fecal matter on your toothbrush, but rather when a toothbrush is contaminated with fecal matter from someone else, which contains bacteria, viruses or parasites that are not part of your normal flora," says Lauren Aber, a graduate student at Quinnipiac University in the US.

In the study, the research team collected toothbrushes from various communal bathrooms at QU that were shared between 9.4 individuals, on average.

Although bathroom users practiced a range of storage methods with their toothbrushes, the research team found that 60 percent were contaminated with fecal coliforms.

This number is consistent with previous research done on toothbrushes and fecal coliforms, yet in the situation of a communal bathroom, the chances that the fecal coliforms came from someone else is 80 percent, according to the study.

Parallel Universes: Split or String?

The Many-Worlds theory and the Copenhagen interpretation aren't the only competitors ­trying to explain the basic level of the universe. In fact, quantum mechanics isn't even the only field within physics searching for such an explanation. The theories that have emerged from the study of subatomic physics still remain theories. This has caused the field of study to be divided in much the same way as the world of psychology. Theories have adherents and critics, as do the psychological frameworks proposed by Carl Jung, Albert Ellis and Sigmund Freud.

Since their science was developed, physicists have been engaged in reverse engineering the universe -- they have studied what they could observe and worked backward toward smaller and smaller levels of the physical world. By doing this, physicists are attempting to reach the final and most basic level. It is this level, they hope, that will serve as the foundation for understanding everything else.

Following his famous Theory of Relativity, Albert Einstein spent the rest of his life looking for the one final level that would answer all physical questions. Physicists refer to this phantom theory as the Theory of Everything. Quantum physicists believe that they are on the trail of finding that final theory. But another field of physics believes that the quantum level is not the smallest level, so it therefore could not provide the Theory of Everything.

These physicists turn instead to a theoretical subquantum level called string theory for the answers to all of life. What's amazing is that through their theoretical investigation, these physicists, like Everett, have also concluded that there are parallel universes.

String theory was originated by the Japanese-American physicist Michio Kaku. His theory says that the essential building blocks of all matter as well as all of the physical forces in the universe -- like gravity -- exist on a subquantum level. These building blocks resemble tiny rubber bands -- or strings -- that make up quarks (quantum particles), and in turn electrons, and atoms, and cells and so on. Exactly what kind of matter is created by the strings and how that matter behaves depends on the vibration of these strings. It is in this manner that our entire universe is composed. And according to string theory, this composition takes place across 11 separate dimensions.

Like the Many-Worlds theory, string theory demonstrates that parallel universes exist. According to the theory, our own universe is like a bubble that exists alongside similar parallel universes. Unlike the Many-Worlds theory, string theory supposes that these universes can come into contact with one another. String theory says that gravity can flow between these parallel universes. When these universes interact, a Big Bang like the one that created our universe occurs.

While physicists have managed to create machines that can detect quantum matter, the subquantum strings are yet to be observed, which makes them -- and the theory on which they're built -- entirely theoretical. It has been discredited by some, although others believe it is correct.

So do parallel universes really exist? According to the Many-Worlds theory, we can't truly be certain, since we cannot be aware of them. The string theory has already been tested at least once -- with negative results. Dr. Kaku still believes parallel dimensions do exist, however [source: The Guardian].

Einstein didn't live long enough to see his quest for the Theory of Everything taken up by others. Then again, if Many-Worlds is correct, Einstein's still alive in a parallel universe. Perhaps in that universe, physicists have already found the Theory of Everything.

Many Worlds Theory

Young Hugh Everett agreed with much of what the highly respected physicist Niels Bohr had suggested about the quantum world. He agreed with the idea of superposition, as well as with the notion of wave functions. But Everett disagreed with Bohr in one vital respect.

To Everett, measuring a quantum object does not force it into one comprehensible state or another. Instead, a measurement taken of a quantum object causes an actual split in the universe. The universe is literally duplicated, splitting into one universe for each possible outcome from the measurement. For example, say an object's wave function is both a particle and a wave. When a physicist measures the particle, there are two possible outcomes: It will either be measured as a particle or a wave. This distinction makes Everett's Many-Worlds theory a competitor of the Copenhagen interpretation as an explanation for quantum mechanics.

When a physicist measures the object, the universe splits into two distinct universes to accommodate each of the possible outcomes. So a scientist in one universe finds that the object has been measured in wave form. The same scientist in the other universe measures the object as a particle. This also explains how one particle can be measured in more than one state.

As unsettling as it may sound, Everett's Many-Worlds interpretation has implications beyond the quantum level. If an action has more than one possible outcome, then -- if Everett's theory is correct -- the universe splits when that action is taken. This holds true even when a person chooses not to take an action.

This means that if you have ever found yourself in a situation where death was a possible outcome, then in a universe parallel to ours, you are dead. This is just one reason that some find the Many-Worlds interpretation disturbing.

Another disturbing aspect of the Many-Worlds interpretation is that it undermines our concept of time as linear. Imagine a time line showing the history of the Vietnam War. Rather than a straight line showing noteworthy events progressing onward, a time line based on the Many-Worlds interpretation would show each possible outcome of each action taken. From there, each possible outcome of the actions taken (as a result of the original outcome) would be further chronicled.

But a person cannot be aware of his other selves -- or even his death -- that exist in parallel universes. So how could we ever know if the Many-Worlds theory is correct? Assurance that the interpretation is theoretically possible came in the late 1990s from a thought experiment -- an imagined experiment used to theoretically prove or disprove an idea -- called quantum suicide.

This thought experiment renewed interest in Everett's theory, which was for many years considered rubbish. Since Many-Worlds was proven possible, physicists and mathematicians have aimed to investigate the implications of the theory in depth. But the Many-Worlds interpretation is not the only theory that seeks to explain the universe. Nor is it the only one that suggests there are universes parallel to our own. Read the next page to lean about string theory.

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

In fairly short order, physicists studying the quantum level noticed some peculiar things about this tiny world. For one, the particles that exist on this level have a way of taking different forms arbitrarily. For example, scientists have observed photons -- tiny packets of light -- acting as particles and waves. Even a single photon exhibits this shape-shifting [source: Brown University]. Imagine if you looked and acted like a solid human being when a friend glanced at you, but when he looked back again, you'd taken a gaseous form.

This has come to be known as the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. The physicist Werner Heisenberg suggested that just by observing quantum matter, we affect the behavior of that matter. Thus, we can never be fully certain of the nature of a quantum object or its attributes, like velocity and location.

This idea is supported by the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. Posed by the Danish physicist Niels Bohr, this interpretation says that all quantum particles don't exist in one state or the other, but in all of its possible states at once. The sum total of possible states of a quantum object is called its wave function. The state of an object existing in all of its possible states at once is called its superposition.

According to Bohr, when we observe a quantum object, we affect its behavior. Observation breaks an object's superposition and essentially forces the object to choose one state from its wave function. This theory accounts for why physicists have taken opposite measurements from the same quantum object: The object "chose" different states during different measurements.

Bohr's interpretation was widely accepted, and still is by much of the quantum community. But lately, Everett's Many-Worlds theory has been getting some serious attention. Read the next page to find out how the Many-Worlds interpretation works.

http://science.howstuffworks.com/
by Josh Clark





In 1954, a young Princeton University doctoral candidate named Hugh Everett III came up with a radical idea: That there exist parallel universes, exactly like our ­universe. These universes are all related to ours; indeed, they branch off from ours, and our universe is branched off of others. Within these parallel universes, our wars have had different outcomes than the ones we know. Species that are extinct in our universe have evolved and adapted in others. In other universes, we humans may have become extinct.

This thought boggles the mind and yet, it is still comprehensible. Notions of parallel universes or dimensions that resemble our own have appeared in works of science fiction and have been used as explanations for metaphysics. But why would a young up-and-coming physicist possibly risk his future career by posing a theory about parallel universes?

With his Many-Worlds theory, Everett was attempting to answer a rather sticky question related to quantum physics: Why does quantum matter behave erratically? The quantum level is the smallest one science has detected so far. The study of quantum physics began in 1900, when the physicist Max Planck first introduced the concept to the scientific world. Planck's study of radiation yielded some unusual findings that contradicted classical physical laws. These findings suggested that there are other laws at work in the universe, operating on a deeper level than the one we know.

Affordable care

Medical care, in particular, is very affordable. The typical charge to see a very competent English-speaking doctor is 300 pesos, or about $7. Recently, I had some X-rays. The cost to take and read the images: 800 pesos, or less than $20.

I bring this up because I’m already thinking about the cost of long-term care, if needed. In the U.S., such care can exhaust your resources; here, I could probably live at home and afford private care.

If you’re considering a move to the Philippines, or anywhere outside the U.S., I believe you should have an exit plan (should you decide to return) or keep a home in the States. My wife and I have a house in Nevada (Las Vegas), where we have friends and relatives. But againâ€"for all the reasons I’ve notedâ€"we anticipate spending the bulk of our days in the Philippines.

Let me repeat: The Philippines isn’t paradise. (The rainy season starts in June and lasts for about six months.) But then…paradise, I believe, is primarily a state of mind. If you are adaptive, if you have a positive attitude toward change and challenges, then you should do well as an expat. On the other hand, if you are irritated by things not being like they are in the “good ol’ U.S. of A,” you shouldn’t bother packing your bags.

For me, the Philippines has proved to be a destination filled with natural wonders, a vibrant culture and ample opportunities to enjoy later life. It has been a very interesting 24 years, to say the least, and I look forward to the next 24. The age 100 has a nice ring to it.

Seafood deliveries

Daily life is relaxing, for the most part. I like to read, study (Internet and cable services here are excellent), do some writing and, perhaps most important, take a morning and afternoon swim. My wife and I enjoy dining out, but food shopping is simple. A nearby market offers a wide variety of locally grown or caught food. (We have fresh seafood delivered directly to our door.) There is also a version of a Sam’s Clubâ€"called S&Râ€"where we can buy milk and butter from New Zealand, apple juice from Australia and wines from throughout the world.

We have made good friends here, and one of the best ways to do that is to join a local Rotary Club. My fellow Rotarians in Lapu Lapu include local business owners and managers, lawyers, politicians, doctors and other professionals. You get to meet other expats and build ties to the community. (It helpsâ€"considerablyâ€"that English is spoken widely.)

I mentioned the poverty. That certainly can dissuade outsiders from settling here. But the opportunity to help others, and the fact that even small acts of charity can have a profound impact, has enriched our lives immeasurably. For example, I am putting a couple of students through college here for roughly $100 a month each. What a joyful way to make a difference!

And speaking of the cost of things…many goods and services are a bargain compared with the U.S. Need a plumber? Most visits and repairs will cost about 400 pesos, or less than $10. A nice dinner for two? About 1,000 pesos, or less than $25. Our home in a similar resort in the States would easily cost $500,000 or more; here, the price is about half that. (And my property taxes are about $30 a month.)

Welcoming place

That said, I have traveled widely in Asia, Europe and Mexico and have lived all over the U.S. In my experience, few places are as welcoming.

At various times, my wife and I have lived in different parts of the Philippines. We first bought a beach lot and built a home in Bubog, a village outside the city of San Jose on the island of Mindoro. We then bought a condo in Manila, the capital.

Today, we live in the city of Lapu Lapu on Mactan Island. We’re part of the metropolitan area of Cebu, the second-largest population center in the Philippines, with more than three million people. Our house is just 20 minutes from Mactan-Cebu International Airport, a jumping-off point for, among other cities, Bangkok, Hong Kong and Singapore.

Most of the streets on the island are crowded with pedestrians, goats, bikes, motorcycles, taxi cabs, private cars, trucks and small van-like buses. You weave your way through the tangle and, unless you are in a big hurry, it all flows along. We own a car, but other forms of transportation are readily available and cheap. For less than a dollar, you can hop on the back of a motorcycle-taxi, if you are comfortable with such thrills.

Our four-bedroom home sits in a beachfront resort. (Note: Expats must be married to a Filipino to buy a house. Otherwise, options include buying a condo, renting, or buying a house on a leasehold basis.) The weather played an important part in choosing this area: Our particular island is sheltered by other, larger islands, which tend to take the brunt of the periodic typhoons that hit the Philippines.

Best Places to Retire Abroad: The Philippines
Beautiful beaches and fresh seafood delivered to the door are among the draws for one couple



The Chocolate Hills are a big scenic draw on Bohol Island. PHOTO: LIONEL BONAVENTURE//GETTY IMAGES


By CHARLES FROST
http://www.wsj.com/
May 31, 2015 11:01 p.m. ET

If you are considering retiring in another country, I am no doubt biased, but I believe it’s hard to beat the Philippines.

I first visited this island nation (about 7,000 islands in all) 24 years ago when I was 52 years old. At that time I was a college professor doing research, and friends introduced me to a lovely young lady who over time became my wife. I am now 76 and retired, and my wife and I plan on spending much of the rest of our lives in the Philippines.

The benefits are numerous: a warm climate year round (average low temperatures are in the mid-70s); endless beaches and water activities; easy access to destinations across Asia; excellent medical care; a relatively low cost of living; and abundant opportunities to help those less fortunate.

Of course, the Philippines isn’t for everyone. The country doesn’t have the rich culture or superior infrastructure of Europe. Poverty is widespread. Power outages are a nuisance, and getting back and forth to the U.S. is expensive. Put another way, houseguests tend to be rare.

Quote from: bugsay on June 03, 2015, 07:50:24 PM
ang chick gamon...hehehe

Hmm, gamon aron sa kapulihay pahamtangan og doggie nga estilo? 

In an effort to stoke nationalism and distract its people from a slowing economy, the Chinese government has been acting particularly aggressively in the South China Sea, engaging in territorial disputes with neighbors including Japan.

This nationalist stance is no doubt a response to China's slowing economy.

Growth and China's rise have always been tied to the modern Chinese identity. The government is asking its people to accept a "new normal" as growth slows, debt piles to almost 300% of gross domestic product, construction and property companies default, and credit dries up.

But to maintain nationalistic fervor in the country, China has relied on the South China Sea issue.


More at: http://finance.yahoo.com/news/heat-south-china-sea-dangerous-173334527.html

How about our own siling kulikot? Wa manimaho. Or shall we say, wa mohalang?





According to Wikipedia, 80,000 - 100,000 SHU ra diay tawon ang atong pambato...

While agreeing with www.theguardian.com/ that the Carolina Reaper is the hottest chili to date, www.crazyhotseeds.com rates it at 2,200,000 SHU. Of course, runners-up have equally high ratings (like the Trinidad Moruga Scorpion, rated at 2,009,231 SHU).

Carolina Reaper
1,569,300 SHU

As a rule, the hottest chillies are the ugliest, and the Carolina Reaper is one ugly so-and-so. Five hundred times hotter than Tabasco, if your mouth can do the maths. Photograph: The Oxfordshire Chilli Garden/Alamy

Naga Viper
1,382,118 SHU

Briefly the world’s hottest chilli in 2011, the Viper is a hybrid of other super-hots, including the Bhut Jolokia and the Trinidad Moruga Scorpion. Adrian Sherratt for the Guardian

Trinidad Moruga Scorpion
1,200,000+ SHU

Another record hot chilli, the Moruga Scorpion (Capiscum chinense) is from the islands of Trinidad and Tobago. Adrian Sherratt for the Guardian

Seven-Pot Habanero
1,100,000 SHU

Originally from the Caribbean, it is called the Seven Pot because each little pod can add fire to seven family-size pots of stew. Adrian Sherratt for the Guardian

Dorset Naga
923,000+ SHU

The chilli that began the modern British obsession. First cultivated by Joy and Michael Michaud at Sea Spring Farm, Dorset, it was named the hottest chilli in the world in 2006. Adrian Sherratt for the Guardian

Chocolate Habalokia
c800,000 SHU

A cross between a Chocolate Habanero and a Bhut Jolokia. Adrian Sherratt for the Guardian

Peach Ghost Scorpion
750,000+ Scoville heat units

A cross between a Ghost Chile (Bhut Jolokia) and a Trinidad Scorpion. Fruity taste gives way to terrible suffering. The Scoville scale ranks foods in terms of heat units, measured per unit of dry mass. Adrian Sherratt for the Guardian

Hottest chillies in the world: the Scoville scale â€" in pictures
http://www.theguardian.com/

He he...

Shanghai artist Dai Jianyong demonstrates the 'Chrysanthemum Face' -- http://www.telegraph.co.uk/

The model





The work of art

Ah, art trumps politics anytime...


A Shanghai artist has been detained for comparing China’s president to Hitler
WRITTEN BY Lily Kuo
OBSESSION

China's Transition
May 27, 2015


A Shanghai artist has been detained for comparing Chinese president Xi Jinping to Adolf Hitler as well as an anus. Dai Jianyong, a street photographer best known for making what he calls a “chrysanthemum face“â€"the flower is a slang term in Chinese for anusâ€"was detained on criminal charges today, according to the advocacy group Chinese Human Rights Defenders (CHRD).

Dai had posted photos online of t-shirts, suitcases, and coke cans decorated with a photoshopped image of Xi with a mustache, making a similar face. Although the mustache is not an explicit visual reference to the German dictator, online commentators observed that Xi resembled Adolf Hitler. (Some Chinese activists critical of the leader’s more draconian measures against dissidents have taken to calling him Xitele, a Chinese translation for Hitler that uses Xi’s surname.) Dai has been arrested for “creating a disturbance” and faces up to five years in prison. -- http://qz.com/

AFP News â€" 1 hour 24 minutes ago


Philippine President Benigno Aquino drew a parallel Wednesday between present day China and Nazi Germany during a speech in Japan, hinting the world cannot continue to appease Beijing as it claims ever-more territory in the South China Sea.

The comments come as disquiet grows over the quickening pace of China's land reclamation programme in international waters, including its construction of a runway long enough for large military planes.

"If there was a vacuum, if the United States, which is the superpower, says 'we are not interested', perhaps there is no brake to ambitions of other countries," Aquino told an audience of business leaders in Tokyo when asked about China's rising might and the role of the US in checking it.

"I'm an amateur student of history and I'm reminded of... how Germany was testing the waters and what the response was by various other European powers," he said referring to the Nazis' territorial conquests in the months before the outbreak of World War II.

"They tested the waters and they were ready to back down if for instance in that aspect, France said (to back down).

"But unfortunately, up to the annexation of the Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia, the annexation of the entire country of Czechoslovakia, nobody said stop.

"If somebody said stop to (Adolf) Hitler at that point in time, or to Germany at that time, would we have avoided World War II."

The strong comments come after US President Barack Obama on Monday weighed in on the growing tensions in the South China Sea, urging regional powers -- particularly China -- to respect the law and stop "throwing elbows".

China has rejected US demands to stop all reclamation works in the South China Sea, saying it was exercising its sovereignty and using the outposts to fulfil international responsibilities.

Beijing insists it has sovereignty over nearly all of the South China Sea, a major global shipping route believed to be home to oil and gas reserves, but rival claimants accuse it of expansionism.

Quote from: hubag bohol on June 03, 2015, 01:01:16 PM
Sumala sa asoy ni Abdul nga nangihi lamang siya gawas sa ilang bay niadtong orasa, apan kalit lang siyang giduol sa usa ka daot nga tigulang nga babaye, taas og buhok ug dunay mga bangkil ug gidumog siya ug gikawras.

...

Apan dunay nagduda nga posibleng ang biktima gikan nag-inom ug buntag na nga nakauli sa ilang bay, hinungdan nga gikulata sa iyang asawa.

Bwahaha! Magduda man lang ta nga sa tinuoray si Bay Bugsay ning tawhana...

Quote from: bugsay on June 03, 2015, 01:01:40 PM
bon appetit!

Hmm, unya ang chick maoy dessert?

Nangihi, gidumog ug gikawras og tiguwang nga babaye


COTABATO CITY -- Usa ka 39 anyos nga lalaki ang gihasi sa usa ka tiguwang nga babaye alas 2:00 sa kaadlawon kagahapon.

Giila ang biktima nga si Dick Abdul, minyo ug molupyo sa Sitio Biniroan, Barangay Poblacion 9 sa dakbayan.

Sumala sa asoy ni Abdul nga nangihi lamang siya gawas sa ilang bay niadtong orasa, apan kalit lang siyang giduol sa usa ka daot nga tigulang nga babaye, taas og buhok ug dunay mga bangkil ug gidumog siya ug gikawras.

Apan sa dihang misayagit ang biktimba ug nangayo og tabang sa iyang asawa ug mga silingan, ug matod pa niini kalit lang nga nahimong langgam nga itom ang tigulang ug milupad palayo kaniya.

Si Abdul ang dali nga gidala sa iyang pamilya ngadto sa City Health Office sa dakbayan ug gitambalan ang mga samad nga naangkon agi sa kawras ug pinaakan nga daw ngipon sa tawo.

Apan dunay nagduda nga posibleng ang biktima gikan nag-inom ug buntag na nga nakauli sa ilang bay, hinungdan nga gikulata sa iyang asawa.

Apan sa pakighinabi sa asawa sa biktima nga si Bai Tayan Abdul, gikanayon niini nga nangihi lang ang iyang bana sa diha nga iya kining nadungog nga misiyagit ug nangayo og panabang.

Gipasusi na ni Cotabato City Mayor Japal Guiani sa kapulisan kon unsa ang mi-atake sa biktima.

Kahadlok ang gibati sa katawhan sa dakbayan, mga probinsiya sa Maguindanao ug North Cotabato tungod sa sunod-sunod nga pagpangatake ngadto sa mga tawo. (EEF)


Gipatik sa mantalaang SuperBalita Davao Hunyo 02, 2015.

The Stock Pools


Until the 1920s, most market fraud affected only the few Americans who were investing. When it was confined largely to battles between wealthy manipulators, the government felt no need to step in. After WWI, however, average Americans discovered the stock market. To take advantage of the influx of eager new money, manipulators teamed up to create stock pools. Basically, stock pools carried out Daniel-Drew-style manipulation on a larger scale. With more investors involved, the profits from manipulating stocks were enough to convince the management of the companies being targeted to participate. The stock pools became very powerful, manipulating even large cap stocks like Chrysler, RCA and Standard Oil.

When the bubble burst in 1929, both the general public and the government were staggered by the level of corruption that had contributed to the financial catastrophe. Stock pools took the lion's share of the blame, leading to the creation of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Ironically, the first head of the SEC was a speculator and former pool insider, Joseph Kennedy.


The SEC Era


With the creation of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), market rules were formalized and stock fraud was defined. Common manipulation practices were outlawed, as was the large trade in insider information. Wall Street would no longer be the Wild West where gunslingers like Drew and Vanderbilt met for showdowns. That isn't to say that the pump and dump or insider trading has disappeared. In the SEC era, investors still get taken in by frauds, but they have now have legal protection that makes it possible for them to at least get some satisfaction.

The danger of Drew's combined poop and scoop, pump and dump schemes was in taking the short position. In 1864, Drew was caught in a corner by Vanderbilt. Drew was trying to short a company that Vanderbilt was simultaneously trying to acquire. Drew shorted heavily, but Vanderbilt had purchased all the shares. Consequently, Drew had to cover his position at a premium paid directly to Vanderbilt.

Drew and Vanderbilt battled again in 1866 over another railroad, but this time Drew was much wiser, or at least much more corrupt. As Vanderbilt tried to buy up one of Drew's railroads, Drew printed more and more illegal shares. Vanderbilt followed his previous strategy and used his war chest to buy up the additional shares. This left Drew running from the law for watering stock and left Vanderbilt cash poor. The two combatants came to an uneasy truce: Drew's fellow manipulators, Fisk and Gould, were angered by the truce and conspired to ruin Drew. He died broke in 1879.

The Pioneering Daniel Drew


Moving from fraud, to insider trading, to stock manipulation, the number of examples explodes. The late 1800s saw men like Jay Gould, James Fisk, Russell Sage, Edward Henry Harriman and J.P. Morgan turn the fledgling stock market into their personal playground. However, because we're giving precedence to the pioneers of fraud and stock market manipulation, we need look no further than Daniel Drew. Drew started out in cattle, bringing the term "watered stock" into our vocabulary - later he introduced this same term to stocks. He became a financier when the portfolio of loans he provided to fellow cattlemen gave him the capital to start buying large portions of transportation stocks.

Drew lived in a time before disclosure, when only the most basic regulations existed. His technique was known as a corner. He would buy up all of a company's stocks, then spread false news about it to drive the price down. This would encourage traders to sell the stock short. Unlike today, it was possible to sell short many times the actual stock outstanding.

When the time came to cover their short positions, traders would find out that the only person holding stock was Daniel Drew and he expected a premium. Drew's success with corners led to new operations. Drew often traded wholly-owned stocks between him and other manipulators at higher and higher prices. When this action caught the attention of other traders, the group would dump the stock back on the market.

BY MICHAEL LANSU
Homicide Watch Chicago


Chicago Police reported nearly four dozen murders in May, and the city is averaging more than a killing a day so far this year.

The 46 slayings in May, as measured by the Chicago Police Department, are the most in any month this year, but the total is not out of the ordinary. Police reported 47 homicides in May 2013, and 50 in May 2012. There were 40 killings during the month last year.

Chicago now has 161 murders for the year â€" the highest total through the first five months of the year since 2012, when 208 people had been killed by June 1.


More at: http://homicides.suntimes.com/2015/06/01/police-161-murders-in-151-days-in-chicago/

by Mark Benecke, Forensic Biologist
The Annals of Improbable Research


Tycho Brahe's nose got lost, quite early, in a student fight. On December 10, 1566, Tycho and the Danish blue blood Manderup Parsbjerg were guests at an engagement party at Prof. Bachmeister in Rostock. The party included a ball, but the festive environment did not keep the two men from starting an argument that went on even over the Christmas period. On December 29, they finished the matter with a rapier duel. During the duel, which started at 7 p.m. in total darkness, a large portion of the nose of Brahe was cut off by his Opponent. It was the most famous cut in science, if not the unkindest.

In those times in Germany (and also in Austria), it was socially okay -and even more than okay - to proudly show the signs of a duel (facial scars and other such marks of distinction). These signified that a man would stand up for his personal honor. However, to cover the -in this case extreme and unusual - disfigurement, Tycho ordered a substitute nose, made from a mixture of silver and gold. This was unusual, because in those days when someone lost a nose in that part of Europe, the replacement, if he or she were fortunate enough to be able to obtain one, was typically made of wax. (This was not as wildly unusual as it may sound to modern ears - it was not uncommon for people who suffered from lupus to lose their noses and attempt to obtain replacements.)

One of Brahe's pupils, Willem Janssoon Blaev (the name was also spelled Wilhelm Janszoon Blaeu), who lived with Brahe for two years on the Island of Hven, remembered that Brahe would always carry an ointment which he used on his nose. Aye, there's the rub- a nasty prize to pay for a hot-blooded fight! -- http://www.neatorama.com/

Tycho Brahe, born Tyge Ottesen Brahe (14 December 1546 â€" 24 October 1601), was a Danish nobleman known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations. He was born in Scania, then part of Denmark, now part of modern-day Sweden. Tycho was well known in his lifetime as an astronomer, astrologer and alchemist, and has been described more recently as "the first competent mind in modern astronomy to feel ardently the passion for exact empirical facts." -- Wiki

Out of desperation the big cat let out a snarl and suddenly leapt from the tree, ran towards Mr Comyn's jeep and disappeared into the bush.

Mr Comyn said: 'It was a hair-tingling moment. The lion could not hang for long - one could really sense that he was almost doomed - so he had to make another attempt to flee.

'Very quickly the buffalo resumed their early morning grazing. It was only then that we spotted the newly born calf in the middle of the herd, which they obviously had been protecting from the lion who possibly had spotted a potential light breakfast.

'What a magical, unforgettable, and as we later learnt, unheard of occurrence.'

After it fell from the tree trunk, the lion wasted no time speeding away across the savannah

The pair were on the last safari of their holiday but said they had no inkling that their lasting memory was yet to come.

Together with their experienced guide the couple parked next to a herd of buffalo who were carefully guarding a new-born calf.

But the animals - known for unpredictable behaviour - suddenly became nervous.

Mr Comyn said: 'All of a sudden, literally out of nowhere, a male lion sprang out from his hiding place hightailing for a nearby tree with the buffalo now starting to give chase.

'It didn't take long before the lion had scrambled up the tree, fearing for its life.

'The marauding buffalo circled below, smelling the lion. They were not going to let it get away.'

The herd had realised the lion was stalking the young buffalo and weren't about to give it a lucky escape, he said.

But after a few seconds of clinging onto the tree the cowering lion became to tremble and tire and started to slide down the bark.

The lion had been hiding in the grass in what witnesses suspected was an attempt to hunt a baby buffalo

But as they remained below the tree waiting for the lion to come down, it started slipping towards the ground

Scaredy cat! Lion climbs tree to escape herd of buffalo in Kenya as the king of the jungle is left with his tail between his legs


Remarkable pictures have shown a lion making a desperate bid to avoid being trampled by scrambling up a tree

Below him the group of angry buffalo waits as he slowly begins to lose his grip and slide down the tree trunk

But with a terrified snarl, the cowardly lion managed to escape by leaping onto the grass and running to safety

By COREY CHARLTON FOR MAILONLINE
PUBLISHED: 11:51 GMT, 25 May 2015 | UPDATED: 19:28 GMT, 25 May 2015
     

Remarkable pictures have emerged showing a cowardly lion fleeing a herd of angry buffalo - by scrambling up a tree.

Despite retreating to the unusual safety zone the danger wasn't quite over as the buffalo - prone to trampling - gathered under the tree to wait for the lion to fall.

Charles Comyn, a 63-year-old ex-army official, was exploring the stunning Maasai Mara reserve in Kenya with his wife when he stumbled across the incredible scene.


http://www.dailymail.co.uk/

Monday, June 01, 2015


HABWA ang tina-e sa usa ka ulitawo human giluba sa karibal niini gumikan sa grabe nga selos niadtong Domingo alas 11:30 sa gabii sa Zone 2, Cugma, Dakbayan sa Cagayan de Oro.

Nalandig sa tambalanan si Vincent Moral, 21, ulitawo ug lumulupyo sa nahisgutang dapit.

Subay sa sulti sa barkada sa biktima nga gipareglahan kini.

Gi-ingong gumikan sa grabe nga selos sa karibal niini tungod sa usa ka babaye kinsa hinigugma sa biktima ang hinungdan sa maong pagpangdunggab.

Kalit nga gidunggab sa wala gikabutyag nga suspetsado si Moral diha sa tiyan nga bahin hinungdan sa grabe usab nga naangkon niini nga samad.

Walay panimuot nga gidala sa Northern Mindanao Medical Center (NMMC)ang biktima human sa maong insidente.

Nagpabilin pa nga nagpatambal sa samad dinunggaban ang biktima sa NMMC.(KCS)


Gipatik sa mantalaang SuperBalita Cagayan de Oro Hunyo 01, 2015.

Quote from: islander on June 01, 2015, 11:46:57 PM
ignorant stupidity is fine by me.

What a noble sentiment, my sweet Aylandil, shades of redundancy notwithstanding. I'm sure you're referring to the endearing quality of others [read: Botoy], you being constantly aglow with conscientious sincerity.

Fraud Wipes Out a Former President


Ulysses S. Grant, a renowned war hero and former president, only wanted to help his son succeed in business, but he ended up causing a financial panic. Grant's son, Buck, had already failed at several businesses but was determined to succeed on Wall Street. Buck formed a partnership with Ferdinand Ward, an unscrupulous man who was only interested in the legitimacy gained from the Grant name. They opened up a firm called Grant & Ward. Ward immediately went around raising capital from investors, falsely claiming that Ulysses S. Grant had agreed to help them land fat government contracts. Ward then used this cash to speculate on the market. Sadly, Ward was not as gifted at speculating as he was at talking. He lost heavily.

Of the capital Ward squandered, $600,000 was tied to the Marine National Bank, and both the bank and Grant & Ward were on the verge of collapse. Ward convinced Buck to ask his father for more money. Grant Sr., already heavily invested in the firm, was unable to come up with enough, and had to ask for a $150,000 personal loan from William Vanderbilt. Ward essentially took the money and ran, leaving the Grants, Marine National Bank and the investors holding the bag. Marine National Bank collapsed after a bank run and its fall helped touch off the panic of 1884.

Grant Sr. paid off his debt to Vanderbilt with all his personal effects, including his uniforms, swords, medals, and other memorabilia from the war. Ward was eventually caught and imprisoned for six years.

Hmm, pwede ba kaha pud ang "conscientious ignorance and sincere stupidity"?

The whole world was captivated by the gentle, quiet Tasaday people. Journalists couldn’t wait to visit them. Anthropologists begged to study them. But the Tasaday incident was a big, political, expensive scam!

And then there was the Nazi scam that duped an entire nation’s economy with fake money made by concentration camp workers. Even bankers were fooled by the cash, which was meant to ruin the British economy. In the end â€" fourteen years after World War II was over â€" the truth came out. By then, though, it was too late to do anything about it and the fake money remained in circulation.

Sons have scammed fathers. Contestants have duped rivals. And one radio producer scammed the whole country on a Halloween weekend!

You’ve always taught your kids that lying is bad â€" and it still is â€" but you know it can be awfully entertaining, too. “Duped!” will show you why.

Starting with the kind of spam scam you found in your email this morning, then moving back and forth throughout history, author Andreas Schroeder presents several dirty, deceitful doozies that have been pulled on gullible (and not-so-gullible) people over the years. I enjoyed reading about what went into the production of these con games because learning about them helps to avoid being caught up in them.

I also liked to see that part of “Duped!” is in comic-book format. Those illustrations by Rémy Simard serve to liven up each tale, which gives even the most reluctant of readers a reason to check this book out.

If your child thinks history is dull and boring, prove him wrong with “Duped!”. For 7-to-13-year-olds, this book is fun to read. No lie.

The Bookworm is Terri Schlichenmeyer. She has been reading since she was 3 years old and never goes anywhere without a book. She lives on a hill in Wisconsin with two dogs and 12,000 books.

Duped! True Stories of the World’s Best Swindlers
by Andreas Schroeder, illustrations by Rémy Simard
$12.95
157 pages


Some of history’s most famous swindlers
http://roanokevalleywoman.com/
by Roanoke Valley Woman on January 20, 2012 



You cannot tell a lie.

Yep, you and young George Washington both learned a long, long time ago that lying was wrong. Not only did it hurt people, but it also got you into trouble. And no matter how much you tried to cover things up, no matter how “white” your little lie was, you always got caught in the end.

And punished.

In the new book “Duped!” by Andreas Schroeder, illustrations by Rémy Simard, you’ll see how some grown-up liars were caught, too. The only difference was that their lies were whoppers!

Without a doubt, as long as there have been people, there have been liars and cheaters. Scamming goes so far back in history that you can almost imagine one caveman trying to cheat another caveman out of his rock. But today’s question is, how do smart people get caught up in dumb scams?

Andreas Schroeder says the reason is sometimes greed. Getting a too-good-to-be-true deal is a big motivator and in this book, he tells the story of some of history’s most famous swindles.

Scams can catch the eye of just one person, or they can affect the whole world. In 1971, for instance, everyone around the globe was abuzz because, supposedly, the Filipino government had “stumbled across” a group of people who were living in caves, just like their Stone-Age ancestors did.

What are the red flags of an online investment scam?


Online investment fraud has many of the same characteristics as offline investment fraud. Learn to recognize these red flags:

•   Promises of high returns with no risk.

Many online scams promise unreasonably high short-term profits. Guarantees of returns around 2 percent a day, 14 percent a week or 40 percent a month are too good to be true. Remember that risk and reward go hand-in-hand.

•   Offshore operations.

Many scams are headquartered offshore, making it more difficult for regulators to shut down the scam and recover investors' funds.

•   E-Currency sites.

If you have to open an e-currency account to transfer money, use caution. These sites may not be regulated, and the con artists use them to cover up the money trail.

•   Recruit your friends.

Most cons will offer bonuses if you recruit your friends into the scheme.

•   Professional websites with little to no information.

These days anyone can put up a website. Scam sites may look professional, but they offer little to no information about the company's management, location or details about the investment.

•   No written information.

Online scam promoters often fail to provide a prospectus or other form of written information detailing the risks of the investment and procedures to get your money out.

How do con artists exploit social networks?


In traditional social networks, con artists use the weekly or monthly meetings to establish strong bonds through face-to-face contact and sharing of personal interests and lifestyles.

In online social networks, a con artist can establish this trust and credibility more quickly. The scammer has immediate access to potential victims through their online profiles, which may contain sensitive personal information such as their dates or places of birth, phone numbers, home addresses, religious and political views, employment histories, and even personal photographs.

The con artist takes advantage of how easily people share background and personal information online and uses it to make a skillful and highly targeted pitch. The scam can spread rapidly through a social network as the con artist gains access to the friends and colleagues of the initial target.

Charles Ponzi, (March 3, 1882 â€" January 18, 1949) was an Italian businessman and con artist in the U.S. and Canada. His aliases include Charles Ponci, Carlo and Charles P. Bianchi.

Born in Italy, he became known in the early 1920s as a swindler in North America for his money making scheme. He promised clients a 50% profit within 45 days, or 100% profit within 90 days, by buying discounted postal reply coupons in other countries and redeeming them at face value in the United States as a form of arbitrage. In reality, Ponzi was paying early investors using the investments of later investors, a practice known as "robbing Peter to pay Paul." --Wiki

The Madoff investment scandal broke in December 2008, when former NASDAQ Chairman Bernard Madoff admitted that the wealth management arm of his business was an elaborate Ponzi scheme.

Madoff founded the Wall Street firm Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC in 1960, and was its Chairman until his arrest. At his firm he employed his brother Peter as Senior Managing Director and Chief Compliance Officer (Peter has since been sentenced to 10 years in prison), Peter's daughter Shana Madoff as the firm's rules and compliance officer and attorney, and his sons Andrew and Mark (Mark committed suicide by hanging exactly two years after his father's arrest).

Alerted by his sons, federal authorities arrested Madoff on December 11, 2008. On March 12, 2009, Madoff pleaded guilty to 11 federal crimes and admitted to operating the largest private Ponzi scheme in history. On June 29, 2009, he was sentenced to 150 years in prison with restitution of $17 billion. According to the original federal charges, Madoff said that his firm had "liabilities of approximately US$50 billion". Prosecutors estimated the size of the fraud to be $64.8 billion, based on the amounts in the accounts of Madoff's 4,800 clients as of November 30, 2008. It is also the largest accounting fraud in American history. --Wiki

scam

noun

1.
a confidence game or other fraudulent scheme, especially for making a quick profit; swindle.
verb (used with object), scammed, scamming.

2.
to cheat or defraud with a scam.


http://dictionary.reference.com/

With all the European and domestic money chasing bonds, however, there was a speculative glut as issuers rushed to cash in. Rather than stepping back from the overheating market, Duer was counting on his information edge to keep ahead and piled his ill-gotten gains and that of his investors into the market. Duer also borrowed heavily to further leverage his bond bets.

The correction was unpredictable and sharp, leaving Duer hanging onto worthless investments and huge debts. Hamilton had to rescue the market by buying up bonds and acting like a lender of last resort. William Duer ended up in debtor's prison, where he died in 1799. The speculative bond bubble in 1792 and the large amount of bond trading was, interestingly enough, the catalyst for the Buttonwood Agreement.