MikeLigalig.com

Okay. Im sure everyone of us here has come across rather annoying individuals in your life. So how do you deal with them?


As for me, I tend to engage them. I don't cower down nor do I give up when I know I am correct. If I have a problem with them, I will address it properly, and will rectify the situation to the best of my ability.

Teng, you're also a great mind. Because you're an accountant, hahaha!
I salute men with great mathematical minds

Well, i have a movie date this Sunday with my girl friend, Vicky. We'll be watching Resident Evil 3. OoOoOoO..scary...haha

I dont really use friendster, but you guys need to sign up for thefacebook.com

Its great for young college students, recent grads, graduate students, law students, medical students etc.

Join it guys!!

Authored by: Clarence Henderson
Henderson Consulting International, Manila, Philippines
----------------------------------------------------

In the last Pearl, I presented a contrarian view of the current ruckus in the Philippines. I focused on a number of positive factors and did my best to come to a more-or-less optimistic conclusion. In addition to providing a useful counterpoint to the prevailing drumbeat of despair, it may have reminded readers that the current situation, dismal and disturbing though it be, won't last forever.

Index to Pearl of the Orient Seas by Clarence Henderson Nevertheless, I can't find it within myself to generate another such piece. The reality is that this is one heck of a mess and the fate of the country hangs in precarious balance.

Perhaps I can contribute to the debate by stepping back, putting on my academic hat, and providing some perspective on a question that may puzzle the uninitiated - Why is the Philippines so darn corrupt? Or, to rephrase it using an old hillbilly idiom my grandpa used a lot, why are so many key players here crooked as a dog's hind leg?

Herewith, a few observations on the seemingly impenetrable jungle of Philippine politics and corruption. Interested readers might want to refer to An Oversimplified History Lesson or Cronies and Booty Capitalism for additional background.

Filipino Democracy

Various terms have been bandied about to describe Filipino democracy - élitist, oligarchic, illiberal, authoritarian, anarchic, chaotic, and wide-open come to mind. I believe I myself have referred to it as "vibrant" (although that begs the question of which way the thing vibrates and how many fragile institutions are jeopardized in the process of vibration).

The Republic of the Philippines is a weak postcolonial state. The public sector is basically subservient to the dominant social classes and deeply entrenched special interests. The reasons can be traced back to the historical evolution of the political system and modes of governance.

Both Spain and America created bureaucracies based on their own models. Indeed, the Philippine state owes little to indigenous Filipino norms or culture - the whole apparatus was externally imposed.

Part of the problem was that Uncle Sam was conflicted about the unaccustomed role of colonialist power. Lacking the long history of colonial rule of the Spanish or British, the Americans were never quite comfortable as authoritarian rulers, and never solved the dilemma of how to "save the little brown brothers" while still protecting their strategic interests in Asia.

The American administration imposed colonial-style rule (albeit with a Filipino-staffed bureaucracy) while simultaneously encouraging grassroots democracy. They introduced local elections in 1901, only three years after taking over, then legislative elections in 1907, and eventually presidential elections in 1935.

From the beginning, the domestic political process was dominated by powerful clans in the provinces. They have been referred to as caciques, a term originally used in Spain and Latin America, but equally applicable in the Hispanic-influenced Philippines. Michael Cullinane refers to the resultant system as "colonial democracy". Early on, provincial aristocrats like Manuel Quezon and Sergio Osmeña, Sr. extended their power, with local patronage politics gradually seeping up to the national level legislature and the President's cabinet. Tip O'Neill, the former US House Speaker, used to say that "all politics is local". This has always been the case in the Philippines.

Political participation in the Philippines was never based on a democratic model. Given the long history of patron-client relationships, the provincial caciques held tremendous clout based on their ability to deliver votes. Complex and labor-intensive political machines soon evolved. The élite bosses knew how to mobilize opinion leaders, poll watchers, and enforcers; their power was unquestioned within their own spheres of influence. As one scholar of the Mafia put it, the bigger and stronger the reputation, the less need to deploy the resources that led to that reputation in the first place. From the time of the first national elections in 1935, Presidential candidates were beholden to various bosses in the countryside, for without them they could not be elected to office.

From the beginning, electoral competition did not revolve around class differences. Instead, politics was a game played within the élite classes, who manipulated and controlled the political process. They were a homogeneous group, and there were few substantive differences in politics or political philosophy. Everybody was a conservative. One consequence was that the political and electoral process was based more on personality than on substance.

Post-War Political Evolution

After the War, Philippine presidents were still very much dependent on the support of the provincial élites and Manila oligarchs. The executive branch was always faced with a dilemma: How to support and uphold the ideals of Jeffersonian democracy (the American model) against the reality that holding office and exercising power required the support of corrupt political machines in various corners of a spread-out country?

Among other things, this led to tremendous pressure on the bureaucracy. The civil service, staffed predominantly by Filipinos, was relatively efficient during the American colonial era After independence, however, it quickly degenerated. The combination of low prestige, incompetence, lousy pay, and inadequate resources was demoralizing and the opportunities for graft were many. The resulting corruption should not be surprising.

During the pre-Marcos era (basically the 1950s and 1960s), the Philippine state played a key role in economic development following the dictates of import substitution and economic nationalism (see Globalization Part 1). The government's intermittent efforts to promote democracy and development in the countryside, encouraged by donor agencies and the American government, were sabotaged by conflict with the elite classes. Efforts at land reform, for example, never had much chance of success given the entrenched power of the landowning classes.

During the same period, the state began to lose its monopoly on armed forces. The Americans had relied on the Philippine Constabulary, a legacy of the Spanish era (the Guardia Civil), to enforce its will. But as local elites gained power after the War, their private armies became a de facto source of power and the Constabulary was undermined. The provincial bosses settled into a comfortable role in which they exchanged the large blocks of votes they controlled for economic booty and special considerations. One of the main consequences was endemic political violence.

Marcos himself emerged from this corrupt environment. He learned the political trade from his father's prewar campaigns for the National Assembly. His first political presence was as a defendant changed with murdering his father's rival, and his wartime experience included significant black marketeering and fraud. It's not surprising that he brought the violence-oriented philosophy of the provincial politician to the national level.

Marcos, of course, took corruption to unprecedented heights through systematic plundering of the Philippine economy. Members of the Marcos family and key associates accrued tremendous wealth from bribe-taking and kickbacks from crony monopolies. They also diverted government loans and contracts into their own pockets, made fortunes from profits from over-priced goods and construction projects, and directly skimmed from the public trough.

The Post-EDSA Political System

One of the first things President Cory Aquino did was to create the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG) to identify and retrieve money stolen by the Marcos family and their cronies. However, Aquino's early reputation as a house cleaner did not survive allegations that two of her Cabinet members and certain relatives were themselves corrupt. The PCGG was accused of corruption, favoritism, and incompetence. Eventually, Aquino established the Presidential Committee on Public Ethics and Accountability, a less corrupt body but one plagued by insufficient staff, funds, and political will to adequately address the problems.

President Ramos also took on the anti-corruption mantle and made some apparent progress. The achievements of his administration, chronicled in other Pearls and in the Philippines Economic Capsule, were substantial, particularly in such reforms as liberalizing the telecommunications industry and welcoming foreign investment. However, the Ramos administration was not above reproach, as evidenced by various scandals and allegations of corruption (including the Philippine Estate Authority/Amari mess and kickbacks associated with the Centennial Expo at Clark).

Throughout the Aquino and Ramos years (1986-1998), the combination of limited government money, political and economic uncertainty, and the newly restored constitutional democracy weakened the Federal government. The élites whose power had been preempted by Marcos swept back in to fill the void. By the time of the 1998 elections, the system had in many ways reverted to the corruption of the pre-Marcos years (although somewhat moderated and not as extreme).

The 1998 Election

In placing Estrada's election into context, it should be noted that Philippine political parties aren't very different from one another. Unlike the Republicans and Democrats in the states or the Tories and Labour in England, they are pretty much indistinguishable in terms of policy and philosophy. They are at root élite old boys' clubs, controlled by politicians and businessmen who have been wealthy and powerful for generations. Thus, the recent defection of Senator Ramon Magsaysay, Jr. (author of the much-ballyhooed E-Commerce Act) from the President's party was a non-event. Party switching in the Philippines is a long-established pattern that raises no eyebrows at all.

In concrete terms, elections and the political system itself are still largely driven by the politics of personality. Voters do not identify with political parties, they identify with individuals. As Conrad de Quiros noted in the Philippine Daily Inquirer in 1998: "nobody remembers the party, everybody remembers the candidate".

President Estrada won by a large margin (6 million votes) over his nearest rival, Jose de Venecia. He garnered nearly 40% of the vote in a field of ten "presidentiables", compared to only 24% for Ramos in 1992. Erap, of course, was swept into office on the strength of the support of the masa, the Class C-D-E voters. They knew him as a popular movie actor who specialized in Robin Hood roles. The urban and rural masses related to Erap; his English was only slightly better than theirs and he was quick to play to their sensibilities (although he himself was from an élite family). At the same time, the tremendous criticism directed at Erap by other politicians and the media (he's ignorant, a womanizer, an intellectual pygmy, a brawler, a gambler, a heavy drinker, ad infinitum) backfired. Many of the masa saw such putdowns as reflecting on themselves, and many undecided voters no doubt voted for Erap out of sympathy. (Some of my earlier commentaries on the administration include Filipino Political Theatre and Two Years With Erap).

The last two years have demonstrated just how flawed the Philippine democratic system is. Erap's election is clearly understandable given the above dynamics. However, the fallout of his ascension to power has not been pretty. While corruption and a crony-dominated system may not prevent a country from growing during boom times, such a system can create major problems during bad economic times. And that describes the current situation accurately.

If we think of the transition from the Marcos dictatorship (dark ages) to Aquino (transitional administration) to Ramos (breakthrough administration) as three steps up a progressive ladder, then the election of Estrada in 1998 represented a throwback to a crony-dominated system that should never have happened.

A Tentative Conclusion

Corruption occurs all over the globe and in all historical eras. Just think of 18th century England, the urban political machines of 19th century America (Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall), the caciques of Spain and Latin America, or the chaopho (godfathers) in Thailand. However, especially given the Asian economic crisis and increasing and apparently irreversible globalization, crony capitalism must somehow give way to more enlightened forms of governance if developing economies are to move forward.

The Philippine state remains weak, and the continued power of entrenched éelites makes it difficult for the central government to provide cohesive and non-corrupt leadership. Insider factions still maneuver for their pieces of the federal government pie, tax collections and customs collections are highly centralized, and the Philippines bureaucracy's long tradition of corruption remains intact. Further, the President and other national officials remain dependent on local politicians to deliver the votes on demand. All in all, a recipe for continued corruption.

In short, the problems are structural and institutionalized. Among the prerequisites for a viable democratic system are a stable middle class, educational achievement and opportunities for social mobility, and open access to the political process. The still-extreme polarization between rich and poor in the Philippines (see Globalization Part 1 and Globalization Part 2) remains a major obstacle to meaningful reform. And as long as civil service salaries stay abysmally low, it will be extremely difficult to eliminate (or even minimize) corruption in the government.

There are some groups now pushing reform, including NAMFREL (National Citizens Movement for Free Elections), the Consortium for Electoral Reform (CER), the Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism (PCIIJ), and Akbayan (Citizens' Action Party). One can hope that young professionals, businesspeople, and the (slowly) emerging middle class are getting tired of politics as usual.

More importantly, however, the impetus for true reform must come from the political leadership. Although all outcomes are unpredictable as I write these words, it seems clear that a totally new vision will be required if corruption is to (finally) be brought under control.

Without recounting the misdeeds of the administration, the crony-related incidents and pervasive corruption now under investigation are part and parcel of the syndrome discussed throughout this article. The current debacle reflects a major crisis of the entire system. Whatever form the upcoming resolution may take, the nation's leaders and thinkers must seriously address the causes of the problems and develop strategies to overcome the deeply rooted tradition of corruption. If they don't, the long-term prospects for this country in the global economy will be significantly jeopardized.

------------------------------

Your Views?

Thank you, pare.

I think when I'm established here in the United States, I think then I'll be ready to go back to Valencia. It is my home town, where members of my clan, the Salise, the Tan, the Salvo and the Ingnalan reside. What better place to run for office and have actual reasons to run for office. Where it counts most, home.

But there are things I need to accomplish first before I run for municipal office. I need experience.

“The greater danger for most of us lies not in setting our aim too high and falling short; but in setting our aim too low, and achieving our mark.”

- Il Michelangelo

Am also single. Been on several dates in the past, but none has ever formalized into a relationship.

Quote from: Hajji on September 27, 2007, 01:20:45 PM
and Lorenzo

and Hadjji Mohandis

I salute you, sir.

Great minds like Voltaire, Locke, Copernicus, Gallileo, Newton, Rizal, Robespierre, Marat, Jefferson, Tan Malakka, Ghandi, Martin Luther King Jr., Attaturk.

I agree, Teng. Lets keep our hopes up.

I humbly agree.

Quote from: agila916 on September 27, 2007, 05:25:28 AM
what you miss most about high school life???

1. Cutting class kay motan-aw ug sine sa melrose..2-3 movies for a price of one..

I was a member of our Academy of Engineering Sciences, and i really loved playing around in IED (introduction to engineering design), AUTOCAD, IEM (Integrated engineering manufacturing)--where we actually made codes to operate drilling and processing tools. I missed going out on the field and taking land surveys---part of our civil engineering course.

I miss all my friends...and our team leaders. Good times, good times.

Heres a group picture of our Engineering Academy members with other engineering members in other high schools around the South Jersey-Philadelphia region. This was taken in Drexel University, where we competed at the annual Kamikaze egg drop project, where we were divided in groups and designed our own egg-protective device that could protect an egg while being released from an angled slope---onto a rigid wall. We won. Williamstown High School's Academy of Engineering Sciences took home 1st, and 3rd prizes that year. 2003.

Its officially a thursday morning over here. 12:55 AM.
Tiring day, i was in the research lab for over 6 hours working with Dr. Ostrofsky in analysis of of metallics of three lake beds. Wasn't that bad because we spent 2 hours driving to the lakes and collecting core samples...beautiful day. The seki disk visibility of the lakes weren't that bad, though some of the eutrophic lakes had high algal biomass content, which positively correlated to high or low seki disk visibility. All are results of high productive farming and waste effluents from fertilizers as well as human waste. (the area where we did tests has a high presence of amish and menonites, who don't believe in septic tanks)

Tomorrow shouldnt' be that bad. Finishing up more analysis, this time we'll be focused on pH analsysis and conductance levels.

Tiring day. I feel exhausted.

Mari, tinuud jud.

Mo bilib jud ko sa ang dugo sa Pilipino. Hahaha, ang dugo sa ahong papa is 100% waray-waray, and ahong momma is 1/2 chinese. And i have no chinese looks at alll, hahahaha. Kai ang dugo sa ahong papa is isug. Kanang dugo sa bisaya....isug jud, mo dominate jud no? hahaha

Mari, you have your mom's face. Very pretty, da!

hahahhaha! dont worry mohandis, the Male Virgin Association-Bohol Chapter will protect each other!! We need to wear humba around our necks and also garlic...so the women wont suck us to death

hahahahahhahaha

...............HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHHAHA!!!!

Hello there Ms. gulle_brms,

How are you doing?

Hala ka, pre! ug ma kit-an ka sa bohol, i-chase-hon ka sa baji da! HAHAHAHAHAHA!

Ill be reading bohol chronicle and it will say "Boholano male virgin, captured by female mob" hahahaha!
Interesante pood....hahaha imagine what they will do to you, oh dear mohandis....

Quote from: EL MUNDO on September 26, 2007, 03:17:07 PM
nawala na jud ang pikoy...nasunog!

aguuuuyyy....

Paita pood na uy. Ang laki na walang iyang lagay...hahaha ..wala na ang purpose sa life jud. Di na siya maka 'make love' ug wa na yamo bata.
Ako pa to, id have worn a plastic cover on my lagay..to protect my precious gems hahaahhaha!

So i have a question about the victim:

How does he urinate now? Through a tube?

HAHAHA unsa?

Guys, let me remind you of the age old saying "its not the size of the boat, but the size of the ocean" hahahaha!

If the captain knows how to stear around the waves, well ..he can get to his destination..and everyone is happy

Tinuud uy!

printing things out eh? what is so interesting about our convos? hahaha!

To all the guests, why dont you all just sign up for TB and be a member UY!

Hey agnes, thats great to hear that your patient is feeling better. Feels good doesn't it? helping people and treating for their health,diba? hehehe, you'll make a great medical care provider. So is this your last year sa studies? Good luck on your licensing exams! Are you looking to work abroad or stay in the philippines?

Mari, Filipiana jud imung beauty, uy. Boholana jud!

Quote from: ms da binsi on September 26, 2007, 09:43:42 PM
Dodong try to open this site and it will tell you all about chelation therapy...


http://www.holisticonline.com/Chelation/hol_chelation.htm

a sige, salamatz, 'te. Will check that out later.


Sige guys, class in 15 mins. See ya'll in a bit.

hahaha brod mohandis, mo tisting ko anang yoga later...
pero mo stick lang ko sa ahong work out scheme uy, kai nagamay baja ahong tiyan, and na dako na ahong upper body muscle. hahahaha. Plus, pre, you get good views of da chics in the body building room.

Gwapa tanan...

Mo work ba nang yoga? maayo ba na for toning? Mo try ko ana..pero..the yoga classes at the gym, wa man gud laki dinha, pre. Puro baji sa ilang classes uy...di pood ko gusto ako ra usang laki...
hahahaha jati..ma bakla ta ana!! naka try sad ka sa yoga diay brod mohandis? How is it day?

thats good pre for all body work out no? kanang aikido?
Ako..na tambok ko kai i put too much emphasis on studies and work...and not enough on my own self. Ning enter na ko sa work out program dinhi sa college..for about 3 weeks now. Gusto ko mo revert back to my original size sa first year sa college...

Working on it tho, pre. My goal is to be around that size again before i matriculate med school..paita pood if im still a bit tambok when i begin med school

luuy pood intawn sa laki....ang lagay man jud gi igoo..hahaha.
So unsa man ang result? Na wa na jud iyang lagay?

Jati.....

Hahaha, gusto ko pa gamay uy, pero gusto ko muscular sa lawas pood ba. Pero right now pre, gusto ko mo increase sa ahong benching sa 250lbs uper body. Weak ra ko kaayo karoon kai i can only bench 150lbs. Tambok ra ko uy, i really need to reduce it a bit, need to loose the fat and get more muscle. Every day na ko mo adto ko sa gym--30 minutes sa body building, ug 40 minutes power jog for cadiovascular.

Kaw? gym2x ka or jogging ra?

I'm really good anywhere, either its D.C or Colorado. So long as someone cooks filipino food, im in. hahaha

Just came back from the gym...feels good. I can really notice my upper body getting bigger hahaha. I'm trying now to firm my biceps, triceps and radialus area. I wanna get a body builder body...

Pero ate, no i never heard of it. Care to tell me about it??

Hey pare,

what is up?

Quote from: Bambi on September 24, 2007, 06:27:28 PM
To all Intellectuals... those above-persons who have given their point of views in regards to the theme- I can only suggest to  all who are living abroad except SigbinII  "PANGULI MO SA ATO UG MO-KANDIDATO MO  DIDTO" - we need a new reform in every innumerable aspects what is good for our country, isn't? You are all young and educated and that is what our Phils. needs not actors or some persons who are already in a Family political dynasty. The future of the youth is a great demand.

I've been contemplating about going back to Valencia and running for office in the future. But we'll see.
Id like to make changes in my own hometown.

uy...sorry for your loss, Leo. Luuy pood si Blacky..

Quote from: C2H4 on September 24, 2007, 02:01:18 AM
Hahahaha!

Dong, food is better than sex.

Di ba Miss Bambs?

hahaha ah di pood ko mo complain. Wa jud maka comare uy, kai whether sex or food......we get tired aftewards. hahaha diba?

And sometimes, we want 2nd tries, 3rd tries, even 4th tries hahahahaha.
'te are you saying both are addictive?

As we speak, the AMSA International, is formalizing membership for Americans as well. Afterall, my own homeland started the AMSA....Go Philippines!!

hippie,

i suggest you wear a wreath of humba around your neck. that will definately get the pinoys around you...hahahahaha

joke joke ra uy!

AMSA is a international student organisation formed by medical students' associations in Asia and Oceania. It has 10 regional members representing Australia, Thailand, Korea, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Indonesia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, The Philippines and Papua New Guinea. The main activity is having scientific (cultural) conferences. Every year AMSA has the Asian Medical Students' Conference (AMSC) and East Asian Medical Students' Conference (EAMSC).

AMSA was formally founded in 1985 in Manila, the Phillipines. In that year The Constitution of AMSA was launched

VISION: Knowledge, Action and Friendship

MISSION:
. Kowledge : we promote scientific activity to increase and expand our knowledge to become a qualified medical professionals in the future
. Action : as medical students, we are concerned to the community around us and try to do something for the benefit and improvement of our community
. Friendship : as future doctors, we're trying to build and maintain a good relationship among our counterparts around Asia-Oceania.

www.amsainternational.org/v2

Some of my friends just finished their 1st year of medical school, Temple University School of Medicine, which is in Philadelphia. My buddy in the NYLF (national youth leadership forum on medicine) which we both attended back in summer 2003 at Georgetown University just finished his 1st year and just had his white coat ceremony. Mr. John Pimentel, anoter fellow Filipino collegiate who attended the same school as I did, was in the ceremony. Im so proud of him and the Temple Univ. School of Medicine Class of 2010. Congrats and good job! More power to our pinoy med students!!




John Pimentel, a good friend of mine, is on the second to the right.


Congrats, bright students!!






Jess Francisco, a pinay med student, in the far right.

wow..its like you never even left pilipinas, swakee, beautiful kaayo ang hawaii uy...

Mike, because of you many friends and friendships have been rekindled, long lost family members have reconnected. i myself met macky ferniz, who is a friend of my uncle, friends of my parents, friends of my cousins, and i even met a relative of mine of my mom's side who is in australia right now. Never knew of her before coming to TB. And i would have never met her or shared stories...had it not been for TB.
Ive made alot of great and wonderful people in here, all because you provided us the forum to communicate.

Mike, thank you so much, for everything.

Serious ko ani, pre, and i mean it. God Bless you,,,,,
From all of us here in TB. A Big Thank You!!

oo bitaw...daghang sites we can visit in the area uy. Sa national capital, sa arlington cemetary, sa richmond (across the state ra), maka adto pood ta sa baltimore, sa maryland, ug..naaa ta close to the Delaware shopping outlets (no tax).

On regards to Bohol and the Philippines.

As I was home this past summer, my eyes were transfixed to the Filipino channel during the election 2007; specially in local government. I couldn't help but notice that there were many instances of young Filipino candidates winning office seats in the Senate and the Congress, as well as young candidates municipal seats, even instances of a priest winning a gobernatorial election.

So my question to you, my fellow Boholano compatriots, is what is your feeling on young candidates winning political seats? Should there be an age limit for offices of the mayor, governor, senator, congressional representative, and even President? If you do think there should be an age limit---please state your argument. If you dont think there should be an age limit---please state your argument.

This is an open forum, but please have the decency and honor of respecting each other's opinions and statements. Thank You, my fellow compatriots.

What was the best memory you have of your Lola and Lolo? Their love, their kindness, their support. Feel free to share your stories with us...

On that note, I think it would help induce memory if you were to visit this site at the same time:
http://www.hagonoy.com/haghimigframe.html Click on the song 'ANAK' by Freddie Aguilar.
Memories should immediately come back....

Good morning ladies and gents!!

It is 1:20 pm here right now and im feeling very content. I just delivered a 40 minute oral presentation on my research proposal for my senior composition. It went well, with my collegues asking questions and myself answering to the best of my ability. I will formally begin my research and lab work in two weeks. Though I'm a bit worried if my research grant will cover all my costs. We'll see.

To God be all glory.

I hope everyone is having a great day and evening; keep smiling guys.

Regards always,,,

Interesting...super male syndrome.

So does that mean I'll have alot of kids? Cuz i have a really deep voice.

Quote from: agila916 on September 26, 2007, 12:02:38 AM
Sa up-north na lang like washington adto jud ta sa US Capital lolz.....magpa-picture atobangan sa capitol building unya i-post dayon sa tubag Bohol.....Daghan sad masuroyan didto...

agila916

I like the idea of meeting up sa Washington D.C. Kaya na nato kai its easier i think for most of us, plus daghang photo opportunity for us hahaha.
Uy, we have to plan out where we will be staying and what to do.

kaniii??

ako pud!

...gusto ko mo anha da! tugnaw na dinhi...and i hate the cold..

haha bitaw, Leo. Its so good..and so bad for us..hahaha. Mo luto na ahong papa ug humba. Mo invite na siya sa among pamilya dinhi sa new jersey...haha ma hurut jud ang humba hahaha. Lamii ra ba---kanang tamiis pero naa jud na quality...
Lamii kai papa cooks it in Leyteno style...sarap na sarap.

I say we have some kind of TB reunion in the US. Sometime this year ba or next year.

Quote from: teng on September 25, 2007, 12:33:25 PM
hahahaha more power pod nimo diha ui....murag mostly sa member diri naa man sa abroad tingali....apil apil lang ko ba.....heheheheh

hahaha doesnt matter where we are, pre, we are all bol-anon jud. Glad to meet you here,,

Quote from: swakee on September 25, 2007, 12:33:13 PM
Dong Lorenz, unsaon man pag-post ug pics dere's forum?

ate swaks,

upload a picture to any free website. Copy and paste the url of your picture and type it in this format:

[ img ]http://type your picture's url here[ /img ]

Now when you do this, swaks, make sure you delete the space before 'type' and the space after 'here'. Also to make sure you delete the spacings. Or you can just click on the picture button when you post a message. You could just type your picture's url and then highlight it and then press the picture tab. That should do it also.

Do that and your picture should be posted in any of your replies.
Sige!!

PS. How is Hawaii?

hahaha we should form a virgin club uy! M.V.A Bohol Chapter (Male Virgins Association--Bohol Chapter)
hahahahahahahahahaha!

Open for membership...

This is fairly recent:




Got him to eat sili...

haha mo bilib jud ko nimo pre, kai naa man jud ko amigo acounting major na siya...bright kaayo na siya sa math uy. Calculus ug integrated theory pajud! More power to you man!

Regards uy!

Uy, accountant diay, pre? Must be really good in math eh? hahaha! Ah sa cebu diay, that must be very rewarding with all the developments in the city, no?

Greetings Pare Swakee and Pareng Teng.

Teng, what do you do, if you dont mind me asking? Well, enjoy work and remember to relax too!

I just visited the web site, Mike. Well done!! I really am proud that you and your friend are standing up for such a noble cause. I hope the junta do not use force and murder this time, if monks are protesting, that should be telling them something....

Again, thanks for the update.

Greetings esteemed ladies and gentlemen. I am currently researching and finishing up my research proposal for my biology/history senior composition (a required bachelor's thesis), which will be a year long project starting this semester till late March of next semester. I just finished my research proposal, and I am looking and asking fellow scientists in here to read my proposal and give me any hints and recommendations on things either it be in spelling, in methodology, in terminology, in citation etc. Please please guys, i need as much recommendation as possible. This is merely the proposal, which is the basis of my research--i dont actually begin laboratory and coring analysis until around october-november. By which, i will be spending most of my time in the lab or in the library or in the historical references on the development of the lake. I greatly appreciate any recommendations, i reiterate gain, to anything. I dont care if it is positive or negative, give it to me. I need input. An early thank you to everyone who helps out!!!

Here is my proposal essay:
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++







A. Lorenzo Lucino Jr.
September 21, 2007

Introduction:
   The status of lakes throughout the world has been substantially affected by the onslaught of invasive human activity that has resulted in eutrophication of freshwater habitats, particularly lakes and ponds (Cole, 1983; Burgis and Troughton, 1987; Brock, 47). Numerous studies have procured that the specific limiting nutrients in eutrophic lakes throughout the world are the high levels of Phosphorus and Nitrogen that are given off from the sewage effluents of erected human housings, agricultural wastes from fertilizers, industrial wastes and increased water runoff by the effects of deforestation, atmospheric pollution and groundwater infiltration (Cole, 1977; Apelin et al, 1996; Markham, 1994; Schindler 1977; McMartin, 1994).
Nutrient loading of Phosphorus and Nitrogen in specific lakes and ponds have been quite disastrous for owners in that such occurrence results in the increase of macrophytes and other planktonic organisms such as dinoflagellates or commonly know as Cyanophyta, which are dominant in Phosphorus limited areas; some species of Nostacales, which has nitrogen fixing capabilities, become dominant if reduced Nitrogen becomes a limiting factor (Sommer, 1989).
One other effect of increased nutrient loading in lakes that are flanked by increased human activity is the degradation in water quality by an increase in algal biomass, discoloration and floating debris, which become an aesthetic problem for summer resorts that depend much on lake clarity( Becker and Neitzel, 1989; Cole, 1983). Additionally, eutrophic freshwaters with persistent algal biomass and debris become a health hazard for people whose living depends on a particular water body (Flemer, 1972; Hsiang-Te and Long-Gen, 1991); this will eventually lead to restrictions on water use such as drinking water, fish kills and odor. Another indicator of eutrophication in a freshwater habitat would be the Secchi disk visibility of particular lakes (Brock, 1985, Schindler, 1980; Smith, 1982); in clean and pristine lakes that are termed oligotrophic, Secchi disk visibility is high due to the considerable low algal biomass; however in eutrophic lakes where there is a considerable increase in algal biomass, the Secchi disk visibility is significantly lower than that of oligotrophic lakes. Thus an excessive eutrophication problem in a particular resort with limited recreational space becomes a financial problem (Schindler, 1978; Schindler 1977).
   These specific indicators are effective in deducing whether or not a particular freshwater habitat is eutrophic or oligotrophic. Considering the fact that Phosphorus is critical for the growth of algal biomass and that varying Nitrogen levels are responsible for the presence of nitrogen fixing taxa; these two limiting factors are pivotal for understanding the eutrophication processes of lakes and other freshwater habitats. The comprehension of the paleolimnology of freshwater habitats is essential in that one can analyze the Phosphorus to Nitrogen levels during the primordial epoch before the advent of human invasive presence and compare those with levels during the era of human colonization and industrialization (Aplin et al, 1996). The collection of these data provides a better understanding of how industrialization and human activity in different regions of the globe affects the surrounding freshwater habitat via eutrophication. Other effects of industrialization that will be studied is the metallic sediments given off by coal emissions by coal plants. One in particular that will be studied was the coal plant that released its emissions in Sandy Lake, Pennsylvania. Proper analysis of paleolimnology will link eutrophication of Sandy Lake during the late 19th century and early 20th century to coal metal emissions.
Background Information:
   The problems that come with the advent of heavy human colonization near lake areas and the rise of industrialization has been a contributing factor to the quality of lakes in the world (Markham, 1994). Ranging from the classical 18th century Great Industrial Revolution in Europe and later reverberating the same scheme in newly formed independent states in North America, Asia, Latin America and Africa (Hood and Porro, 2002; Magoc, 2006).
   To fully understand the magnamity of the situation, it’s necessary to analyze the situation prior to the arrival of man in certain fresh water habitats, particularly in North America (Burgis and Morris, 1987). In one analysis of the paleolimnologic implications Linsley Pond and surrounding water beds in New England was that after the retreat of Pleistocene ice, these lakes were primarily oligotrophic for a short time before its phase towards eutrophy. This particular stage in the two lakes persisted in dynamic equilibrium for a millennia or so. However when one compares Linsley Lake with Potato Lake in Arizona, the main difference would be Potato Lake’s response to ameliorating climate in depositing organic oozes typical of eutrophy. In some data (Cole, 1975; Cole 1983), there was an increase in 60% ignition loss, yet a sudden decline in organic percentage; which correlates with the increased erosion of the drainage basin’s inorganic content in response to human agriculture and logging activities (Cole, 1975).
   One thing that both Potato Lake and Linsley Pond both share, despite their geographic distance was that there was for a time, a long period of equilibrium in lake water. The nutrients entering the then undisturbed lakes received from yearly runoffs; which correlates with constant annual production and the bottom deposit’s constant accumulation, showcasing an example of trophic equilibrium (Cole, 1975), which reflects the status of the entire edaphic-climatic-morphologic system (Welch, 1992).
   Changes in the trophic levels of these two specific lakes occurred right after the arrival and the establishment of European settlers in North America. Such activities that can be accountable for these changes would be forest cutting, agriculture; such disturbance resulted in increased nutrient input in the lakes. Studies also showed that even in Arizona, the loss of natural shrubby cover, called chaparral, to grass resulted in edaphic nutrient erosion, in particular nitrate, to the surrounding freshwater watershed. This of course is an effect of mass human agriculture (Howarth et al, 1988).
Such examples of increased nutrient loading and the historical reasoning for such Phosphorus and Nitrogen increase is universal as the same occurrence happened in Japan starting in the Meiji Restoration epoch, which occurred in the late 19th century after the deposition of the last Tokugawa Shogunate and the rise of the Imperial Privy Council as well as the immediate industrial revolution that took hold of Japan during its industrialization (Apelin et al, 1996). Such consequences of excessive human development and industrialization has been quite observed in other states in Asia that industrialized quite immediately after independency such as the People’s Republic of China, South Korea, the Philippines, The Federation of Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, and India . Other regions of the world that experienced the same effects as those observed in North American as well as European industrialization were the states of South Africa, New Zealand, Australia, Liberia, Israel, Brazil, Mexico and Chile to name a few (Hood and Porro, 2002).
Specific examples of how industrialization and excessive human activities have resulted in increased nutrient loading such as Nitrogen and Phosphorus levels in fresh water bodies and thus titillated eutrophy is seen in Australia’s Lake Burragorang. What happened in the lake was that there was a great fire near the Blue Mountains in 1968 and showed that there was increased Phosphorus being washed into the reservoir, which was responsible for algal blooms, which then tainted and affected water supplies for the surrounding community around the lake (Aplin et al, 1996). Metallic substance can also be determined in its contribution to eutrophication by use of core analysis.
Additionally, there has been other problem in Australia pertaining to agricultural and pastoral use, which has observed in the state of New South Wales in which large amounts of fertilizers that were used on crops reached streams and lakes, where it aids in eutrophication. In one specific example, a toxic blue green algae bloom of cyanobacteria, caused by high amounts of phosphorus, polluted over 1000km of the Darling River in New South Wales (Aplin et al, 1996). Another example of eutrophication via industrial, commercial and agricultural use would be in Shanghai’s Dianshan Lake, which is a major drinking water source as well as subsistence supplier of fish for the people in that region. Due to the heavy deforestation around Dianshan Lake during the 1970s as well as the heavy industrialization occurring now, there has been an observable increase in Phosphorus levels in the lake, which greatly contributed to the eutrophication of Dianshan Lake (Hsiang-Te and Long-Gen, 1991).
The Nature of Phosphorus and Nitrogen:
   Phosphorus is critical to all life, as it is universally observed in ATP processes (Adenosine triphosphate)as carrier of energy and the fact that nucleotides have phosphate groups and thus illustrates how nucleic acids as well as all living things’ need for phosphorus. Phosphorus is also a scarce element as compared to other principal atoms within living organisms such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. An example of Phosphorus’ (Cole, 1978; Cole 1983) indicative nature in bringing life within freshwater habitat via the eutrophication process is how the turnover rates reflect the amount of phosphate in comparison to algal demand. However, due to increased human activity, the nature of Phosphorus has resulted in ‘over enrichment’ of lakes so to say via the process of Eutrophication, which occurs when sewage and other pollutants associated with human industrialization and activity bring excess amount of phosphorus back to the lakes, thus adversely increasing algal growth, and deoxygenating the fresh water region directly.
   Nitrogen is yet another important factor that is indicative of eutrophication in that its presence is correlated with high percentages of nitrogen fixing bacteria such as Rhizobium (Cole, 1983), which are able to use nitrogenase, which reduces nitrogen into an ammonium ion, which then is then used by photosynthetic primary producers. Studies have recorded that O. rubescens are pivotal in foretelling whether or not a freshwater habitat is going through eutrophication, because the species of nitrogen limited and does not appear in lakes until Nitrogen content does arise (Cole 1983; Smith, 1982).
Significance and Project Statement:
The advent of industrialization in the third world as well as in the growth of human development in modernized states has led to increased waste deposits and industrial effluents in what was once trophically equilibrium lakes and influencing the culture of eutrophy (Stoermer and Smol, 1999; Magoc, 2006; Cooke et al, 1983). The increase deposits of Phosphorus and Nitrogen has resulted in growth of photsynethic algae, increase macrophytes, as well as the odor, and overall unaesthetic nature of a eutrophic lake. The presence of nitrogen (nitrate/nitrite) and phosphorus in the lakes will directly explain the presence of nitrogen fixing bacteria as well as phosphorus limited algae. The sampling of water from different lakes will allow testing for phosphorus and nitrogen; the collection of these data provides a better understanding of how human activity in this region of Northwestern Pennsylvania has affected the freshwater habitat via eutrophication and thus allows state environmental agencies to understand what limiting factors are in Lakes Pleasant as well as Conneaut and apply appropriate procedure to alleviate it. 
Methods:
   So far the best analysis of NO3-N in the water is to reduce nitrate in alkaline buffered solution to nitrite by having the sample go through a column of copperized cadmium metal fillings. The measurement of nitrite is observed by use of diazotization method that will eventually lead to a stable pink azo dye with an absorbance up to about 500µg NO3-N or NO2-N/liter. Concentrations of nitrite can be obtained prior to reduction of NO3 to NO2 via the diazotization technique. The cadmium reduction method will need glass columns for effective analysis; this method will allow analysis of about eight samples per hour per column.
   To begin the analysis of the Nitrogen levels of a particular eutrophic lake, one would first need to prepare duplicate aliquots of nitrate standards to yield 50 ml from each Cd-Cu reduction column. The concentrations used should approximate those of the samples to be analyzed and should have lower and higher concentrations. Then take 50 ml of distilled water, nitrate standards, and samples into graduated cylinders; then add 5 ml of buffer solution and then thoroughly mix. Afterwards, add 10 ml of the buffered sample to the column and then discard the effluent. Finish adding the remaining buffered solution to the column in the cylinder and collect the 2 ml of effluent in the same cylinder, rinse the walls and then shake the cylinder. Afterwards collecting 25 ml of the column effluent, making sure to carry a water blank and a standard solution for each column used. Immediately, add about .5 ml of the sulfanilamide solution to the 25 ml sample of effluent from the column and then mix for 5-8 minutes, afterwards then add in 0.5ml of the naphthyl ethylenediamine solution and mix immediately. Allow the mixture to sit between 10 minutes to 2 hours; afterwards then measure the extinction coefficient at wavelength of 543 nm of the solution in a 1 cm cell. Use distilled water as a reference. If the extinction coefficient is more than 1.2 then dilute it by one half with distilled water and then remeasure. If the samples of the water have a visible coloration, a sample blank without the addition of naphthyl ethylenediamine reagent will be processed and obtain the extinction values of the absorbance of distilled water plus reagents (the blank), the absorbance of samples without naphthyl ethylenediamine reagent (if brown coloration) and the absorbance of standards or samples plus reagents. Afterwards, then prepare a standard curve of OD vs concentration for the corrected standards (ODcorr = ODs â€"ODb). The sample concentrations can then be read directly from the graph; if the standard curve is linear, as it should be, the concentration samples can be calculated by a unit extinction factor (F):
F= Standard concentration (ug NO3 â€" N/liter)
      ODs of standard â€" ODb
Afterwards, then use: ug NO3 â€"N/liter = F[ODs  of sample â€" (ODb + ODo)]
Then determine the reduction efficiency of the Cd-Cu columns by determining the extinction coefficient of a 100 ug NO3-N/ liter standard and a 100 ug NO2-N/liter standard. If the efficiency is not greater than 95%, the columns should be repacked. The nitrogen measured by Cd-Cu reduction technique is a combination of NO3-N and NO2-N in the sample. The NO2-N concentrations of the samples must be determined separately without the reduction procedure, as outlined in the next section, and subtracted from the NO3-N + NO2-N values determined.
Given:    p = NO3-N + NO2-N concentrations
   q = NO2-N concentration
   r = efficiency of reduction column, %
Then ug NO3-N/ liter = p-(100/r)q.
To store the columns, pass about 100 ml of distilled water through the columns, followed by 50 ml of the ammonium chloride buffer solution. Leave the columns stored covered with the solution and cover tightly. To analyze the nitrite nitrogen, duplicate the aliquots of multiple nitrite standards with concentrations of the samples to be analyzed. Then take 50 ml samples of distilled water standards, blank s and samples into graduated cylinders and add about 5.0 ml of ammonium chloride buffer and mix. After 5 minutes of mixing, carefully add 1.0 ml of naphthyl ethylenediamine solution and mix. Allow to sit for 1 hour and after wards, compare the extinction of the solution against distilled water of 543 nm. Then path the lengths of 1 cm, 5cm, and 10 cm for nitrite concentrations of 60-300, 30-60 and 0-30 ug NO2-N/liter, respectively. Use the following calculation:
F= Standard concentration (ug NO3 â€" N/liter)
      ODs of standard â€" ODb
Afterwards, then use: ug NO3 â€"N/liter = F[ODs  of sample â€" (ODb + ODo)]
   The analysis of Phosphorus comes next, particular concentrations of greater than 10 ug PO4-P/liter will go as follows: obtain water samples of 100 ml and heat to between 15 and 30 degrees Celsius. Properly make sure to measure the absorbance of a sample to obtain turbidity correction. Afterwards, add 10-15 ml of the composite reagent from a 25 ml graduated cylinder and mix thoroughly. Afte 1 hour, measure the extinction coefficient of the solution in a 1 to 10 cm cell at a wavelength of 885 nm. Then recalibrate the photometer to zero using distilled water before measuring the extinction coefficient of the sample. Then measure the absorbance of a reagent blank (ODb). Afterwards, subtract the extinction number of the reagent blank and the turbidity-color correction from the value for sample extinction to obtain a corrected sample extinction. Use the following equation: ODcorr = ODs â€" (ODb + ODturb).
Then prepare a standard curve by finding the absorbance of for standard solutions, which are diluted from the stock solution. The unit extinction factor (F) for PO4-P can be calculated as:
F = Standard concentration (ug PO4-P/liter)
             ODstd- ODb
And: ug PO4-P/liter = F [ODs-(ODB + ODturb)]
For concentrations less than 10 ug PO4-P/liter, double the sample size and extract the blue complex with an organic solvent. Samples of .25 ml should be stored (as discussed earlier). Pipet 200 ml of water sample  into a 250 ml separatory funnel (remember to keep the temperature between 15 to 30 degrees Celsius) and add about 20 ml of the composite reagent; mix thoroughly. To calculate total phosphorus levels, one has to make sure that there will be reagents, the same ones used for inorganic phosphate analyses. Persulfate solution, which is mixed 5% w/v K2S2O8 in distilled water. Add 16 l of the 5% Persulfate solution to 100 ml samples in 250 ml borosilicate flasks. Then place flasks in a boiling water bath for one hour (or autoclave for one-half hour at 1055 g/cm^2. Allow to cool and then adjust the volume to 120 ml. The liberated PO4-P is analyzed according to the methods used for inorganic P04-P (use procedures for concentrations < 10 ug P04-P/liter). The P04-P standards and reagent blanks will then be placed in identical boiling and volume adjustment procedures. Proceed with computation of a standard curve and calculations of sample concentrations.
To collect metal samples given off by coal during the turn of the 20th century, one would apply the following: Metal samples will be taken by core and metal samples will be digested for analysis with an aqua regia solution (2:1 Seastar nitric acid and hydrochloric acid) and headted to 70 degs C for 8-10 hours. After digestion, Teflon filters will be removed and the sample will be centrifuged to separate undigested material from the metal in the solution. The sample will be split into glass and Teflon vials for analysis of key metals: mercury, arsenic (glass), cadmium, lead and zinc and stored at 4 degs C. All metals samples will be analyzed via ICP-MS ELEMENT (magnetic sector-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer). Cd, Pb, and Zn should be determined with a standard liquid sample introduction system. Isolation of the said metals are indicative of effects of eutrophication and biota during the specific period.

Begin historical research of Sandy Lake---?

Timeline
-October/November: Go to Lake Conneaut and Lake Pleasant and take water samples.
-November/December: Take additional samples of water and properly label each
-December: Begin analysis for Nitrogen (nitrite/nitrate)
-December/Jan: Begin analysis for Phosphorus (varying levels; greater or less than ug PO3-P/liter)
-February: Metal samples and isolation; data data data
-Feb: Present data to Professor Ostrofsky
-October-March: Begin historical/archive research or Conneaut and Pleasant Lake in Erie County Historical Society and/or Crawford County Historical Society
-Dec-March: Begin Writing Senior Composition


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Im looking for a Filipina around my age, preferably Bisaya (Boholana is a plus plus), she is very intelligent--strong in the science and mathematics (good for my kids too hahaha), one who is willing to wait for me until i finish med school, willing to be patient, can take my jokes, can relate to me..talk to me personally and seriously. Share similar faith, and she must be like my mother's character (hard working, religious, loving, very very children oriented).

Oh i have such high standards, pero..i do hope there is a future Mrs. Lucino out there for me....

Its things like this that always tingles my spine, you know Mike. I'm just awed that monks are protesting the Junta...holy men protesting. Im just as interested in this as anyone else, but I am really interested to see how the Junta will react...will it use force, or will it give in to some reform.

Im so sorry to be limited in my information about the region, Mike, but what has ASEAN done in regard to this? I mean, is not Burma part of ASEAN and im sure ASEAN leaders had said something to burman leaders about this incident? What did they say, if they did?

Do you think Russia and China will come in, Mike? If there were to be a revolution in Burma??

Kumusta agnes! kuyawa, pas pas ka mo reply uy! hahaha

Oooooo mao na ahong kapatid, si Jing jing!! Kaibao diay ka niya? Hahahahaha mao jud..small world jud! Uy ka ingoon ko na human na siya sa nursing..pariho pariho diay mo? hahaha! Uy good look lang kamo duhay uy!! Ug maka kita ka niya---tell her that I said hello uy!! hahahaha!!!

Agnes, im very happy to hear that you are friends with my cousin!!

Ingna siya to sign up at TB so i can talk to my cousin !! hahahaha

See you later babe!!

Burma is ripe for democracy...

Hey Agnes!! Kumusta ka dinha mare?? Naa diay ka sa Cebu? Sigoro ka-ila-ila ka sa ahong kapatid. Iyang ngan Aislynne Lucino; nurse man na siya--na hooman na siya sa iyang classe ba ja. So what school are you attending at, Agnes mi amiga? Sa Cebu Doctors? Uy i-pa update ko sa ang results of the little kid gi surgery-han ha? Luuy pood ang bata...

Sige sige, ingats mi amiga!

Wow Sir Gerv! Thank you so much for sharing those beautiful, beautiful pictures.

I want to visit Baclayon church and the Dauis Church...beautiful architecture...

hahahaha i know ate, i know. Pero...whenever i get the chance to have some of that, ill eat it with my fingers..hahahaha. Lamii kaayo nang humba ug sinigag ug luto uy!! Mao jud na ang primero dish sa Bohol.

Boholano style Humba......aguuuuYyYyY...

Its hard jud, 'te. There was even a time that i even rejected God. I rejected faith in a concept of 'salvation'..it was in high school and it was during my last year in high school da. I thought that I could do everything by myself. Life was to me was merely by chance---no sense of divine path or presence. When I went to church, i would only go because my parents demanded I go---so i went, for the sake of the family.

However, 'te, when I started college i thought it would be great to believe in what I wanted because i would be away from my parent's teachings and my mom's religious nature. However, i couldnt help but feeling a sense of absolute loneliness during my first year in college. I talked to my parents, still i would be lonely. I had alot of friends, but i still was lonely, something deep inside wasn't nurtured. And I can still feel it as if it was yesterday. So what did i do? I dont know ...why..but i went to our college chapel one day. It was after inorganic chemstry lab, i just felt like something was guiding me forward to the college chapel. It was dark, i remember going inside and getting spooked out and scared because of it. I sat down, and began to pray---as if the words that were repeated in catholic mass in the past...it just came out naturally for me. I cried after prayer, i felt better, a sense of consolation. That following year..i enrolled myself for RCIA to get my confirmation in the catholic church...and ive been blessed ever since going to church again.

I dont know why i went to church, or what guided me there, but I do believe it was the Lord who did. As if he knew that there would be  a time where he could reach me....and it was in college, of all places.

I cant explain my faith through science and proof or logic, but somehow something deep inside me tells me that is is just right.

Do you guys feel like that too?

Its really odd.

When you mentioned that, 'te. I cant help but naturally question my faith, im sure it happens to everyone who believes in something out there. Its hard for me sometimes, a student of science, and one who deals with absolutes and proofs...

And I cant help but answer that question with reference to 'Faith'.

There isn't a day that I don't question my faith.....to tell you the truth.

False.

The person below me loves to sing while he/she showers.

hahaha lagi 'te. joke joke lang ko da.

Uy...jati...time to do paper work. Sige, 'te. Ugma napood!!

...aguyyy bu**** diay ko, 'te. Wa pa ko na date ug pinay...hahahahahahaha
Puti ra ahong gi date....ug intsik. Gusto lagi ko ug pinay da!

hahahaha! mao bitaw..mao bitaw. Ako..ma suko sad ko if maka kita ko ug gwapita pinay dating puti or itum. I mean.....less for us! hahaha..pero i cant blame the puti guys and the itum guys for chasing pinays...i mean...our women are HOT.

Who wouldnt date a Filipina? hahaha

Yup that is true. I agree with you jud, 'te. When you die, there is no coming back. Once the heart stops pumping blood, your lungs will cease pumping air, and once our central nervous system (most notably the brain) is deprived of oxygen for 5 minutes, death is paramount.

After that stage, the body will contort, rigor mortis will set in, and the natural pathway of decomposition will take its effect, as our natural immunse sytem will be unable to hold off bacteria and disease---those same bacteria will grow in our abdominopelvic viceri...and will aid in the decompositionary process.

In the long run, the body will result to nothingness, to ashes.

Ashes we once were, and ashes so shall we return.....

^ baho sigoro..

Mao jud na..that is why alot of puti and black men go 'gagaga' for Filipina or any other Asian women. Beautiful, plus, our women naturally smell good.

Literally.

LOL.

You know what this mean guys...we Pinoys are now competing for our own women kai foreigners are taking our chiccy dees....sus ma selos pood ta ani..hahahaha

Quote from: C2H4 on September 15, 2007, 04:35:03 AM
Pero in fairness, mga brayt baya nang mga Indian.

Dire, halos half sa population sa mga doctors, mga Indians.

In fairness, there are some who are nice.

Daghaan indian doctors over there 'te? There are significant indian docs in pennsylvania and new jersey reigon, but there are also very many Filipino docs too. Whenever I preceptor for Dr. Bermingham, a guy who i shadow in the pulmonology floor, he always introduces me to his collegues and most are Filipino or Indian. Daghaan jud ta kastanan in the medical field. Most nurses and docs in the east coast are usually Filipino or Indian. (indians usually tend to be very crowded in internal medicine and gastroenterology, but alot of Filipino docs are in emergency room, pediatrics, cardiology, and daghaaan puti docs in surgery) but that is my own opinion.

Speaking of which, when I was in the Ohio College of Podiatric Medicine Professional Internship this summer, we were rotated for 2 weeks in the Cleveland Clinic, Huron Hospital System and the Cleveland Foot and Ankle Institute, and i was surprised because i saw sooooo many Filipino nurses (ICU,CCU,ER, OR, PCU, MED SURG); and then when we went to the main Cleveland Clinic Hospitals (cleveland clinic is the 3rd largest hospital sytem in the country) i was introduced to physicians and surgeons--and most of the residents and attending physicians in neurology, cardiology, emergency medicine and nephrology were Filipinos. It was ridiculous. There I was rotating around the 3rd largest hospital system in the entire United States---and the majority of physicians were either Filipino, Indian, and Puti. LOL.

It is undeniable jud; Filipinos constitute a major factor in the health system diri. Professionals jud na ang Pilipino. There was even patients who I heard would only refer to Filipino docs or cared by Filipino nurses. That really says alot about us. Buutan plus, maayo jud ang work ethic sa atong kababayan.

Quote from: ms da binsi on September 25, 2007, 07:12:36 AM
I believe so, , ,


I have some black female friends, they just dont smell good at all.... pwera lang panaway..


even if they wear heavy scent perfumes, still the smell is bad...



what about the middle easterns and Indians??? any idea?


(researcher hadji??)

Ate,

Indians and people of South Asia are mixtures of africoid and caucasoid races. The people of southern india and sri lanka are part of the dravidian race, and are remnants of the original africoid migrants who left africa for asia (comparative with the aborigines), and people of northern and central india are caucasoid or mixture of caucasoid and africoid. Both africoid and caucasoid races have excessive amounts of sweat glands as well as apocrine glands--hence their body odor seems greater in comparison with east and south east asians.

For example, whenever i go to the gym with my Pakistani friends, we usually weight lift and jog afterwards, and whenever we finish, i can't help but notice that their body odors are rather strong. Whereas i dont really have such a strong body odor. Its a result of them genetically having more sweat and apocrine glands.

African and african-american women do have a strong body odor, i do notice that. But that is their own beauty...

Oriental women (including Filipina women) usually smell better, imo, because women of the Mongoloid race genetically have fewer apocrine glands, which are responsible for permeation of body odor. This is the reason why women of East Asia and South East Asia dont have strong body odors as women that are of the caucasoid, and africoid races.

Same thing applies for East and South East Asian men.

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The beauty of the Filipina, is beyond compare. There are no women of any race beside the Philippine Race that radiates brighter and captivates, as that of the Filipina..

hahaha ate C, imung nawong, cuuute kaayo. Very Filipiana jud!!

haha tralala ba? so strong diay na? ah..dili lang ko mo tilaw anah. I'll stick with wine and cognac

interesting..wa pa ko na tilaw sa moonshine..

Updated list:

1. Ms da Binsi
2. Lorenzo
3. C2H4
4. agila916
5. Raquelproudboholana
6.Willmerit
7. Agila916
8. Swakee
9. Princesssadagat

Quote from: jaja on September 25, 2007, 02:21:14 AM
nyt evrybody. i have to go to sleep na.im not feeling well.

Hope you feel better, jan jan.
Tulug na lang..

Very good jud na si C2, hahahahha!

How are your french classes going, gags? Sigoro, maybe you can teach us some basics hah, ako wa jud ko kaibao kanang french. Sounds very romantic tho....very fast no? haha! So kanang quebecoise, unsa ma na?Like a dialect of french? Localized french?

Pastilan..gi basa2x diay? Sus marihosep..i should just use PM in the future
Hey hey , pero im glad to meet your acquaintaince, Gags, didnt know you were so close! Im currently based sa north pennsylvania. 3 hours from Ontario region. We're practically nieghbours, in the scheme of things eh? hahahaha!

Regards uy!!

hahahahahah celibacy da! pa amigo-amiga lang gud! So pa celibate kamo duha..together..hahahahahaha!

uy sa quebec diay? Kuyawa pood..daghang french speaking tao dinha no, gags? Ning adto mii sa una sa montreal---ka iingoon ko naa mii sa france kai labi daghan french speakers uyy! Bugnaw na ba dinha?

Aguuuuyyy...gi read diay nimo ang topics da! hahaha pilde ko..hahaha

hahahahha mao ba! unsa man diay gi ingoon ni ate C?? Hahahaha..i can only imagine...
O mao ba, so silingan diay. Kinsa man diay na si jaja? Wa ko kaibao nija...haha.
I pa ila-ila ko ba...buutan ba nang baji-ha?

hahahah!! So canada diay ka gags? Sa aha sa canada? Naa ba ko pamilya sa toronto area...

haha mao ba? i dont think i properly introduced myself to you, gagier, sorry lang hah! Nice to meet  you here. So where are you based at? Uy taga asa man diay ka sa bohol?

sige sige gagzz

Hey watsup gagiers? Mao ba na imung ngan? Naa ba kai nick name, day?

hahaha kinsa gud gi ingoon ana? Di ko mo bilib ana oi! Sigoro...for lubing reasons ra na! hahahahha

hahahha huy brod Mohandis, gusto ka ipa ila-ila sa ahong amigas dinhi? Daghan raba sila..ug single pa.
Lamii-an ba ka ug puti? Itagaa-an ka sa ilang email bii,,

Hahahahaha!

Halu Halu Guys!!! Hey there ate' Belle! Nag ngisingisi man si ate bell uy!! hahaha, hey hows your fall paintings so far?? Hope to see some of your work soon! How about one of Insoy playing with fallen leaves? hahaha!

Halu halu to everyone else...

Yes, that is our handsome and intelligent admin, Mike.

On the topic:

I like that term "God's little paradise". Go Bohol!

Quote from: benelynne on September 23, 2007, 07:06:09 PM
Easier said than done. Allow me to venture some concrete suggestions.

I agree with Lorenzo that we need investments from outside. But I believe we need to direct our investments to areas that will jibe with Bohol's natural endowments, which also constitute its comparative advantage (pardon for being repetitive, as I mentioned this in another thread).

Personally, I believe that the government should steer Bohol towards economic growth with the service sector at its core. This encompasses a wide-ranging, diverse industry that can optimize Bohol's employment.

Ben here has blazed the trail for those in the IT sector. I really pray that he succeeds--given the presumably lower overhead and availability of quality workers.

With the upgrade of Bohol's telecom infrastructure, we can invite the burgeoning Call Center industry to Tagbi. Among call center operators that I know whose market is Japan, it is common knowledge that Visayans have a higher sales productivity among telemarketers because Visayans are a predominant segment of the 250,000 target market (I assume we have the same regional profile in other overseas market). Visayans are born polyglots, so they can also be easily trained in American accent to service the world's largest economy.

Bohol's tourism industry should generate a lot of employment with more market-tailored product offerings overseas. Bohol has lately been given a lot of exposure in Japan's TV, but our linkages to Japan's travel industry that will realize mass tourist traffic from this plum market are still rudimentary.

These are just some of the ideas. I hope those of us involved in planning and decision-making in Bohol will take these up.

Mr. Ben, I like your idea of utilizing and implementing IT growth in Bohol and central Visayas. It would save the ecological greeneries of Bohol, yet bring in foreign investment. And why shouldn't it? The Philippines and the Filipino is world reknown for his keen ability to master English, his itelligence and his work ethic. An IT company in Bohol would employ hundreds of our intelligentsia, bring well earned income, and increase the international awareness of Philippine dependability, as well as keep our environment green and clean.

What bohol needs to do is to gear towards a service oriented economy.

Americans seeking to justify the annexation of the Philippines turned to racial-exceptionalist claims against the "anti-imperialist's" national-exceptionalist ones. That is, supporters of colonialism argued that as "Anglo-Saxons" connected to the British Empire by blood, culture, and history, Americans were destined to acquire, and competent to rule, an overseas colonial empire. The power of this argument derived in part from the density of Anglo-American social, political, and intellectual contacts in the period; it was demonstrated in comparisons that Americans and Britons made between the Anglo-Boer War and the Philippine-American War. But the argument was countered by "anti-imperialists" who relied on the national exceptionalist claim that the United States' unique republican mission precluded overseas colonialism. Anglo-Saxon identity, they also argued, did not necessarily require the acquisitions of colonies. As a result of this debate, advocates of colonialism increasingly employed national-exceptionalist claims about the uniquely benevolent features of the American colonial government of the Philippines, although they also actively traded policy ideas with neighboring European colonial states.

To frame these issues, ask students to consider certain images of--and questions about--Anglo-Saxonism and empire:

Question 1: Defining an Empire
How do you define an empire? When does a state become one? Is the United States an empire? If so, when did it become one? In what way is the 1897 image of a fictional meeting between Queen Victoria and President McKinley a representation of empire? What else, besides tea, is Queen Victoria inviting McKinley to participate in?

The goal here is to get students thinking critically about what they include and don't include under the rubrics "empire" and "imperialism." They might focus on territorial conquest or other impositions of power by one state on another, industrial or commercial exploitation of a state by another state or a private institution, or cultural dominance via religion, language, or mass media.

Question 2: Racial Ideologies
What kind of contacts between Americans and Britons in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries contributed to the notion of a shared "Anglo-Saxon" heritage? What exceptional features were Anglo-Saxons said to possess? On what grounds might some Americans object to the notion of the United States as an Anglo-Saxon country?

The aim is to have students think about the racial ideologies of the period as far more than irrational pseudo-science. They were serious arguments, which crystallized in specific settings and around specific political projects.

How does the map represent the boundaries of the Anglo-Saxon world? Why would someone draw and publish such a map? Ask students to consider how the map darkens the territories of the British Empire, the continental United States, and its new overseas colonies, thus envisioning a single Anglo-Saxon region instead of separate national ones.

What does the photograph of Mr. and Mrs. Turk's railway journey in Burma tell us about Anglo-American encounters in the colonial world?

What does Joseph Earle Stevens' adoption of the white duck uniform and his membership in the Manila Club suggest about his self-image as an "Anglo-Saxon"?

Why are the American Dave and the Englishman Will in the novel Between Boer and Briton able to befriend each other so quickly when they first meet? What do their family ties symbolize?

Question 3: Anglo-Saxon Racial Exceptionalism
What political purpose did Anglo-Saxon racial exceptionalism serve during the Spanish-Cuban-American War and Philippine-American War? Whom was the argument directed against? The goal here is to show students how American Anglo-Saxonism promoted solidarity between the United States and Britain in their imperial policies overseas. Consider the solidarity between the two empires represented by the 1898 Uncle Sam image based on the 1892 Cecil Rhodes image. Similarly, consider the juxtaposition of stereopticon sets of the Spanish-Cuban-American War, the Philippine-American War, and the Anglo-Boer War in the 1900 Sears catalog. Recall the opposing "anti-imperialist" argument that presented the United States as exceptional among nations for its republicanism, which precluded overseas colonialism. Then ask students: How did Anglo-Saxon racial exceptionalism and U.S. national exceptionalism overlap? How did they conflict? What does the 1899 cartoon "The White (?) Man's Burden" suggest about American reactions to seeing a supposedly "exceptional" nation--the United States--sharing the colonial "burdens" of the European powers?

Question 4: U.S. Colonialism
How did the legitimation of U.S. colonialism change after the declared end of the Philippine-American War? Now the goal is to have students understand that once American colonialists had a state of their own to point to, they no longer had to turn to Anglo-Saxon rationales or British precedents. Indeed, having a colonial state in the Philippines allowed them to recapture national-exceptionalist terms, arguing that American rule was not only unique but also better than European colonial rule. But how seriously did American colonial officials take national exceptionalism when they were making policy? What does U.S. colonial Agricultural Secretary A. W. Prautch's display of Philippine products at a fair in British Singapore suggest about bonds between the two colonial powers?

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Remark: My view: As it is:

Absolute and total ludicris. The philosophy of empire and subjugation of foreign peoples as a manifestation of a state's racial superiority is absolutely unconfounded. These words and philosophies were used by the conquorors as a means to legitimize their barbarity in forcing idealogues and policy on indigenous people; as well as to destroy their innate moral will. The destruction of the pride of the natives and installing arbitrary concepts such as racial superiority via social darwinism is nothing but imperialist horse feces (no pun intended). To undermine the moral will of the Philippines and foreign lands, to retard their natural resources for the benefit and consumption of the 'mother state', to spread their religion and have some sort of cultural imperial effects; thereby controlling the people via a long term basis. To secure their hold. That is the reason for such policies and arguments.

The Spanish. Long have have the Spanish dominated the Philippines, and to this day, their imperialist policies are ever present in the Philippines. Roman Catholicism, of which I am part of and over 80% of the Philippine population (over 80 million) belong to it: yet it was a faith that was, and is argued to this day by academians, used to convert the indigenous population; to hispanify them so that the Spanish conquistadores could legitimately rule over the islands without fear of muslim uprisings. The faith was intially spread via the sword. Look at the historiography of the Spanish Empire in North and South America. The destruction of the classical, beautiful, technologically unique indigenous civilizations of the Aztec, the Inca, the Seminole, and the Carriba were manifested. Millions of inigenous Amerindians were liquidated by diseases such as small pox, syphilus, gonorea, the bubonic plague, cow pox etc. Many more died to starvation as the Spaniards subdivided the regions and peoples to work for their haciendas; millions more died in servitude to the Spaniards searching for raw natural resources such as: gold, copper, silver, hemp, tobacco etc. The Spaniards, yes, were the ones first to bring and initiate African slavery to the new world, to suffice the displaced population of dying amerindians. The africans were imported from the gold coast to work in the carribbean islands, in New Spain (current Mexico), Grand Columbia, and Real Peru (both of which were viceroyalties of Spain in south america) in sugar plantations, tobacco plantations etc. The spaniards initiated this slavery system, which would eventually be adopted by other european empires, most notabley the French, the English, the Dutch.

The Philippines was not immune to this system, as many of the classical civilizations such as the Rajanate of Luzon, Rajanate of Maguindanao, and the Sulu Empire were reduced to vassals. The Spanish manifestation and use of 'fiestas', 'barangays', 'gobernillacidos' are mere samples of how Madrid controlled the people, taxed them, etc. To this day, over 100 years after the fall of the Spanish, their effects are present in the psyche of the Filipino. Even their names are still in use.

The Americans were merely late to the scene of Imperiaism. And their usage of racial superiority, is null. The Spaniards used the very same concept; they believed in the racial inferiority of the indio; they believed that he was physically, mentally and spiritually enslaved to the Spanish. That view was cracked when the Spanish colonial wars errupted in the new world, where the 'inferior indios' of Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Venezuela errupted in open war for independence. One by one, those colonies defeated the 'superior caucasoid' Spanish. Thousands of Spaniards surrendered to the 'indios'; and the mighty Spanish Fleet was mangled in fighting 'rebelliosido' pirates.

Even in the Philippines, when the Philippine Revolution errupted in 1897, and after the return of Aquinaldo from Hong Kong, the Philippine Revolutionary Army practically defeated the Spanish garrisons in the Philippine Islands. Liberated. All that was left of Spanish presence was Manila. And that itself wasn't taken because Aguinaldo honorably accepted Commodore Dewey's plea to Aguinaldo to spare Manila for the Americans. The 'indio' (the Filipino) was capable of defeating the Spanish conquistadore and by that right! By that right, the theory of white racial superiority was overturned.

The only reasons why the Americans defeated the Philippines was not because of racial superiority. It was simply the fact that the Revolution had bled the Philippines during the war for Spanish independence. Thousands of man power had been exhausted, diseases were spreading; and yet, the Revolution trained 70,000 soldiers that defeated some 15,000 Spanish well trained soldiers. Let me tell you, that most of the Filipino soldiers weren't even trained; many of them didnt even have guns, but bolos and spears. Yet, were capable of deating Spanish artillery units, spanish armed infantry and cavalry.

America won the war because it utilized racist policies against the Filipino. They used cut and burn policies. Where they would go into villages and burn them, kill the populace: a historical precedent of the Mai Lai incident in Vietnam.

Americans considered Filipinos "Brown Niggers", and treated us as so. They brought in over 100,000 soldiers from the United States to 'suppress' the Philippines. With that, included rotating machine guns, howitzers, a large navy, and cavalry. The Filpino soldier was armed with only a bandera, a white uniform, spanish guns and bolos. We were able to bleed America with guirall warefare, and killed over 5,000 American soldiers (wounding over 20,000).
The United States suffered more in the Philippine-American War than it did against its war with Spain.

Had the Philippines been given the same advantages as the Americans, we would have reversed the outcome.
I personally don't believe in racial superiority and racial bigotry. It is unfounded and without basis. Rizal is proof of that.

Hey agnes, hope that the little guy gets better. Where are you based at, btw?