MikeLigalig.com

A Warm Congratulations to my Uncle Roger and my Aunt Judith!

Auntie Judith gave birth to a healthy baby girl! A new addition to the Lucino Family!

Happy Birthday, Baby Sophia Andrea!!!!!



The Lucino Family BEAMS with Happiness!

Right now?

My face is in the books. Currently reading Netter's Anatomical Atlas; Advanced Human Anatomy: Forms and Functions; Medical Biochemistry; The Histological Brain.

Every Master, Professor, Doctor was once a mere pupil with silly and moronical questions. One doesn't become 'Master' without falling down several times. You build a cane with the calluses you form during those falls.

-Quantum Physics Professor

When I was a stressed-out college student, this was a verse that etched in my mind:

Blessed is the man who perseveres under trial, because when he has stood the test, he will receive the crown of life that God has promised to those who love him.
James 1:12

Why? It reminds me that there is no such thing as 'unrewarded' work-effort. All good things come to those who sacrifice and waits and endures trials upon trials. Everything is a process with the Lord.

There is always a time for everything. A time to eat, a time to study, a time to mourn, a time to stress---and a time to exalt in joy of success! Praise be to God!

Charie, Amen!

I love that verse. Ang moralidad sa verse ana is to work for what we want. The good christian work ethic resounds so powerfully in that verse.

Love it!

Brother Jez,

My mind is filled with sadness. I am so, so, so, very very sorry.

"The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want. He maketh me to lie down in green pastures: he leadeth me beside the still waters. He restoreth my soul: he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his name's sake. Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me. Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies: thou anointest my head with oil; my cup runneth over. Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life: and I will dwell in the house of the LORD for ever."
Psalm 23

Another favorite verse:

"Don't you know that you yourselves are God's temple and that God's Spirit lives in you?"
1 Corinthians 3:16

Welcome VinSentYou!

Awesome facial expression.

Simple.

I'm having thoughts of fatherhood, already.

Everytime I see a woman who is pregnant or a mother holding and carrying her baby, there is a subconscious yearning in my mind to marry soon and father children. To be able to hold and carry my own kids. Most especially to carry my own son and see that he has his Daddy's curly hair. And 'dakog dughan' I would be the happiest father in the whole wide world.

If there is such a thing as a 'Fatherly-Clock' then mine must have started to tick. lol.

This is how I know I'm getting 'older'.

Gas over here is at $3.61 per gallon. It went down again.

Hahaha, interesting. Another GEC-like individual.



Whoami, it is a pleasure to make your acquaintance.

Brother Jez, I grieve with you, my friend. My whole heart is with you and your entire family.
Your father and brother, you, and your family are in my prayers.



Daniel 12:1-3
In those days, I, Daniel, mourned
and heard this word of the Lord:
At that time there shall arise
Michael, the great prince,
guardian of your people;
It shall be a time unsurpassed in distress
since nations began until that time.
At that time your people shall escape,
everyone who is found written in the book.

Many of those who sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake;
Some shall live forever,
others shall be an everlasting horror and disgrace.
but the wise shall shine brightly
like the splendor of the firmament,
And those who lead the many to justice
shall be like the stars forever.

The word of the Lord.



Lord our God in Heaven, strengthen our brother Jez in this time of need. Strengthen his entire family in this time of mourning and grief, O Lord.

Father, grant peace and accept the souls of the departed. We pray O Lord that you welcome them into your Kingdom in Heaven.

Christ Have Mercy. Christ Is Mercy.

AMEN

Amen! There are three major points of the cross. When we touch our forehead, we glorify The Father. When we touch the chest, we Glorify The Son, and when we make the lateral touch, we Glorify the Holy Spirit.

A sign of our remembrance of the sacrifice of the Son, and the preamble to any prayer. Before prayer, we make the sign of the cross because it is an act of contrition to Our Lord.

I genuflect as I make the sign of the Cross. It is an act of lowering myself before the presence of My Holy and Mighty God in Heaven.

May the Lord our God be gracious to all of Us, Brother Brown.

Peace be with you, Brod.

Jez,

You have my deep condolences, I am so sorry for your loss. Please, take it easy, my friend. May the good Lord shower you strength and give comfort to your family.

I will include your Papa and brother in my prayers, my friend.

May the Mighty and Good Lord welcome them into his bosom. And sing His eternal praises in Heaven.
In Union with the Love of Christ Jesus. Whom all good things come from.

Merciful Father, hear our prayer and console us. As we renew our faith in your Son,
whom you raised from the dead, strengthen our hope that all of our departed brothers and sisters
will share in his resurrection,
who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit,
one God, for ever and ever.
Amen.

Looking for a job as a Med Tech? Considering it?

Check it out.

http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos101.htm

My heart goes to Californians. The same can be said here in New Jersey, alot of job terminations. This is a nation-wide problem.

Economy is lagging, unfortunately. Let us hope it gets back in the right shape.

Hopefully after the elections.

Guys,

It's all biogeochemical.

These stones get larger when water containing dissolved calcite or quartz causes other surrounding grains of whatever stuff is available to be cemented to the stone in an accretionary manner. In fact this is a mechanism for sedimentary rocks to form from individual grains of sand or flecks of mud.

These 'cute stones' are nothing more than just a manifestation of the said processes.

Omega-3 fatty acids are lipid based. Fish oil is actually a very good source of Omega-3 fatty acids; it contains docosahexaenoic acid as well as eicosapentaenoic acid.

Insurectus, a healthy intake of Omega-3 fatty acids has been proven to reduce high blood presure, reduce blood triglyceride levels. Several studies report that regular consumption of oily fish or fish oil/omega-3 supplements reduces the risk of non-fatal heart attacks, fatal heart attacks, sudden death, and deaths due to any cause in people with histories of heart attacks. Omega-3 intake has been proven to reduce inflammation. It is also proven to aid those who are suffering from rheumatoid arthritis.

The drug, as said in this article, is effective in carcinoma prevention and inhibition.

Yes, 'te, green kaayo and limyo jud kaayo ilang communidad.

They are also masters of craftsmanship. Most of my mother's dressers and furniture downstairs are Amish-made.

I really admire their simplicity and their religious zeal.

Amen, Brown! Amen!

This morning as I was reading 1st Kings, I read through that particular passage and wept after reading it.

Why? Because of the gentle and loving nature sa Ginoo. Prophet Elijah was besieged with powerful winds, and powerful fires. Pero ang Ginoo was not in those natural events. Ang Ginoo intawn came to Prophet Elijah as a small whisper.

Powerful when he has to be, but can be gentle enough to whisper to a man.

Blessed be God, and Blessed be His Most Glorious Name! Now and Forever.

I agree with you, Mr. Ferniz, concerning the importance of the Philippines to the United States.

The Philippines is a strategic strong point for the United States; in fact it is considered the third triangular point for the United States in the pacific. In this triangular choke point, one point is Guam, which is a major American Naval Base with powerful offensive and defensive capabilities; the second choke point is Taiwan, which is home for the American 7th Naval Fleet.

The 'Third' choke point is in southern Philippines; which the United States has re-entered in the 21st century; creating bases in Basilan as well as in other parts of Southern Mindanao.

Warm relations with the Philippines is an 'utmost' strategy for American naval hegemony in the Pacific. Who ever controls the Philippines has influence in the South China Sea, the Western Pacific and to the very gates of the Malaccas Strait, one of the heaviest trade intersections in the world.

This is the very reason why Japan invaded American-held Philippines in 1942 in order to eradicate American presence in Japan's Pacific Empire. Additionally, control of the Philippines allowed Japan to consolidate its overseas empire and natural resources from Java and Dutch Malacaas--allowing merchant fleets to travel through Japanese-occupied Philippines without the fear of American attacks.

It is the very reason why Americans re-conquered the Philippines in 1944 from the Japanese. The Philippines was used as a bombing base for the United States in 1944. American B-52 Super Fortress Bombers were based in Manila and Clark; and flew their sorties to Japan to pulverize her cities into submission.

Philippines has always been critical and pivotal for American Military Hegemony in the Pacific.

Excellent! They have my adoration and salutations!

*Bow*

Excellence precedes them. Bohol is proud!

Our Lola Nating and Lola Babing would be all smiles.

whoami,

Your etherealistic character bears semblance to our very own GEC.

PS. Excellent picture, btw.


It is a pleasure to meet you


Ma'am or Sir?

1 Kings 19: 9, 11 - 13


9     And there he came to a cave, and lodged there; and behold, the word of the LORD came to him, and he said to him, "What are you doing here, Eli'jah?"
11    And he said, "Go forth, and stand upon the mount before the LORD." And behold, the LORD passed by, and a great and strong wind rent the mountains, and broke in pieces the rocks before the LORD, but the LORD was not in the wind; and after the wind an earthquake, but the LORD was not in the earthquake;
12    and after the earthquake a fire, but the LORD was not in the fire; and after the fire a still small voice.
13    And when Eli'jah heard it, he wrapped his face in his mantle and went out and stood at the entrance of the cave. And behold, there came a voice to him, and said, "What are you doing here, Eli'jah?"

hahaha, this is too hilarious.

Love it! Love it!

Likewise, very effective. Thanks for this Mike. My loading time has diminished, jud.

"But those sown on rich soil are the ones who hear the word and accept it and bear fruit thirty and sixty and a hundredfold."
He said to them, "Is a lamp brought in to be placed under a bushel basket or under a bed, and not to be placed on a lampstand?
For there is nothing hidden except to be made visible; nothing is secret except to come to light.
Anyone who has ears to hear ought to hear."
He also told them, "Take care what you hear. The measure with which you measure will be measured out to you, and still more will be given to you.
To the one who has, more will be given; from the one who has not, even what he has will be taken away."

-Mark 4: 20-24

The Eutrophication of Global Freshwater Habitats as an effect of Industrialization and Human Activity: The Critical Role of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Levels in Limnoeutrophication


Allegheny College Department of Biology and Biogeochemistry-Biochemistry


Written by: Albrando Lorenzo Lucino Jr, B.S, B.A



Introduction:
   The status of lakes throughout the world has been substantially affected by the onslaught of invasive human activity that has resulted in eutrophication (Cooke et al, 32) of freshwater habitats, particularly lakes and ponds (Cole, 320-322; Burgis and Troughton, 186-187; Somlyody and Straten, 3-4; Brock, 47). Numerous studies have procured that the specific limiting nutrients in eutrophic lakes throughout the world are the high levels of Phosphorus and Nitrogen that are given off from the sewage effluents of erected human housings, agricultural wastes from fertilizers, industrial wastes and increased water runoff by the effects of deforestation, atmospheric pollution and groundwater infiltration (Cole, 18; Apelin et al, 37-38; Stoermer and Smol, 128-129; Markham, 52, 59, 61,109; Wood and Porro, 163; McMartin, 154-157; Holdgate 88 ).
Nutrient loading of Phosphorus and Nitrogen in specific lakes and ponds have been quite disastrous for owners in that such occurrence results in the increase of macrophytes and other planktonic organisms such as dinoflagellates or commonly know as Cyanophyta, which are dominant in Phosphorus limited areas; some species of Nostacales, which has nitrogen fixing capabilities, become dominant if reduced Nitrogen becomes a limiting factor (Sommer, 58).
One other effect of increased nutrient loading in lakes that are flanked by increased human activity is the degradation in water quality by an increase in algal biomass, discoloration and floating debris, which become an aesthetic problem for summer resorts that depend much on lake clarity(Somlyody and Straten, 4-5; Becker and Neitzel, 190-191; Cole, 321). Additionally, eutrophic freshwaters with persistent algal biomass and debris become a health hazard for people whose living depends on a particular water body (Flemer, 144-149; Hsiang-Te and Long-Gen, 45-50); this will eventually lead to restrictions on water use such as drinking water, fish kills and odor. Another indicator of eutrophication in a freshwater habitat would be the Secchi disk visibility of particular lakes (Brock, 204-206, Schindler, 1149-1152; Smith, 1101-1112); in clean and pristine lakes that are termed oligotrophic, Secchi disk visibility is high due to the considerable low algal biomass; however in eutrophic lakes where there is a considerable increase in algal biomass, the Secchi disk visibility is significantly lower than that of oligotrophic lakes. Thus an excessive eutrophication problem in a particular resort with limited recreational space becomes a financial problem (Somlyody and Straten, 4-6).
   These specific indicators are effective in deducing whether or not a particular freshwater habitat is eutrophic or oligotrophic. Considering the fact that Phosphorus is critical for the growth of algal biomass and that varying Nitrogen levels are responsible for the presence of nitrogen fixing taxa; these two limiting factors are pivotal for understanding the eutrophication processes of lakes and other freshwater habitats. The comprehension of the paleolimnology of freshwater habitats is essential in that one can analyze the Phosphorus to Nitrogen levels during the primordial epoch before the advent of human invasive presence and compare those with levels during the era of human colonization and industrialization (Aplin et al, 59-61). The collection of these data provides a better understanding of how industrialization and human activity in different regions of the globe affects the surrounding freshwater habitat via eutrophication.

Background Information:
   The problems that come with the advent of heavy human colonization near lake areas and the rise of industrialization has been a contributing factor to the quality of lakes in the world (Markham, 13). Ranging from the classical 18th century Great Industrial Revolution in Europe and later reverberating the same scheme in newly formed independent states in North America, Asia, Latin America and Africa (Hood and Porro, 299-300; Magoc, 35-38).
   To fully understand the magnamity of the situation, it’s necessary to analyze the situation prior to the arrival of man in certain fresh water habitats, particularly in North America (Burgis and Morris, 40). In one analysis of the paleolimnologic implications Linsley Pond and surrounding water beds in New England was that after the retreat of Pleistocene ice, these lakes were primarily oligotrophic for a short time before its phase towards eutrophy. This particular stage in the two lakes persisted in dynamic equilibrium for a millennia or so. However when one compares Linsley Lake with Potato Lake in Arizona, the main difference would be Potato Lake’s response to ameliorating climate in depositing organic oozes typical of eutrophy. In some data (Cole, 15-17), there was an increase in 60% ignition loss, yet a sudden decline in organic percentage; which correlates with the increased erosion of the drainage basin’s inorganic content in response to human agriculture and logging activities (Cole, 17).
   One thing that both Potato Lake and Linsley Pond both share, despite their geographic distance was that there was for a time, a long period of equilibrium in lake water. The nutrients entering the then undisturbed lakes received from yearly runoffs; which correlates with constant annual production and the bottom deposit’s constant accumulation, showcasing an example of trophic equilibrium (Cole, 18), which reflects the status of the entire edaphic-climatic-morphologic system (Hutchinson, 17-26).
   Changes in the trophic levels of these two specific lakes occurred right after the arrival and the establishment of European settlers in North America. Such activities that can be accountable for these changes would be forest cutting, agriculture; such disturbance resulted in increased nutrient input in the lakes (Bormann et al, 1969). Studies also showed that even in Arizona, the loss of natural shrubby cover, called chaparral, to grass resulted in edaphic nutrient erosion, in particular nitrate, to the surrounding freshwater watershed. This of course is an effect of mass human agriculture (Longstreth, 58).
Such examples of increased nutrient loading and the historical reasoning for such Phosphorus and Nitrogen increase is universal as the same occurrence happened in Japan starting in the Meiji Restoration epoch, which occurred in the late 19th century after the deposition of the last Tokugawa Shogunate and the rise of the Imperial Privy Council as well as the immediate industrial revolution that took hold of Japan during its industrialization (Stearns, 116-117,121,126; Apelin et al, 112). Such consequences of excessive human development and industrialization has been quite observed in other states in Asia that industrialized quite immediately after independency such as the People’s Republic of China, South Korea, the Philippines, The Federation of Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, and India (McNeill and Dunn, 175, 189). Other regions of the world that experienced the same effects as those observed in North American as well as European industrialization were the states of South Africa, New Zealand, Australia, Liberia, Israel, Brazil, Mexico and Chile to name a few (Wood and Porro, 10-12).
Specific examples of how industrialization and excessive human activities have resulted in increased nutrient loading such as Nitrogen and Phosphorus levels in fresh water bodies and thus titillated eutrophy is seen in Australia’s Lake Burragorang. What happened in the lake was that there was a great fire near the Blue Mountains in 1968 and showed that there was increased Phosphorus being washed into the reservoir, which was responsible for algal blooms, which then tainted and affected water supplies for the surrounding community around the lake (Aplin et al, 58).
Additionally, there has been other problems in Australia pertaining to agricultural and pastoral use, which has observed in the state of New South Wales in which large amounts of fertilizers that were used on crops reached streams and lakes, where it aids in eutrophication. In one specific example, a toxic blue green algae bloom of cyanobacteria, caused by high amounts of phosphorus, polluted over 1000km of the Darling River in New South Wales (Aplin et al, 58-59). Another example of eutrophication via industrial, commercial and agricultural use would be in Shanghai’s Dianshan Lake, which is a major drinking water source as well as subsistence supplier of fish for the people in that region. Due to the heavy deforestation around Dianshan Lake during the 1970s as well as the heavy industrialization occurring now, there has been an observable increase in Phosphorus levels in the lake, which greatly contributed to the eutrophication of Dianshan Lake (Hsiang-Te and Long-Gen, 45-50).

The Nature of Phosphorus and Nitrogen:
   Phosphorus is critical to all life, as it is universally observed in ATP processes (Adenosine triphosphate)as carrier of energy and the fact that nucleotides have phosphate groups and thus illustrates how nucleic acids as well as all living things’ need for phosphorus (Welch, 186,64-65). Phosphorus is also a scarce element as compared to other principal atoms within living organisms such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. An example of Phosphorus (Cole, 320-322) indicative nature in bringing life within freshwater habitat via the eutrophication process is how the turnover rates reflect the amount of phosphate in comparison to algal demand. However, due to increased human activity, the nature of Phosphorus has resulted in ‘over enrichment’ of lakes so to say via the process of Eutrophication, which occurs when sewage and other pollutants associated with human industrialization and activity bring excess amount of phosphorus back to the lakes, thus adversely increasing algal growth, and deoxygenating the fresh water region directly.
   Nitrogen is yet another important factor that is indicative of eutrophication in that its presence is correlated with high percentages of nitrogen fixing bacteria such as Rhizobium (Cole, 246), which are able to use nitrogenase, which reduces nitrogen into an ammonium ion, which then is then used by photosynthetic primary producers. Studies have recorded that O. rubescens are pivotal in foretelling whether or not a freshwater habitat is going through eutrophication, because the species of nitrogen limited and does not appear in lakes until Nitrogen content does arise (Cole 246; Smith, 1101-1112).

Nitrogen Fixation by Planktonic organisms
   Nitrogen fixation rates vary from different trophic levels; in particular, nitrogen fixation is low in oligotrophic as well as mesotrophic lakes and high in eutrophic lakes (Wetzel and Likens, 89). Usually, nitrogen fixation of planktonic organisms in oligotrophic lakes range from around <0.3 mg N m-2 yr-1 whereas in mesotrophic lakes the ranges are 13-94 mg N m-2 yr-1 and rather high in eutrophic lakes at around 200 mg N m-3 yr-1 (Howarth et al, 669-667). From readings in specific papers, one is able to grasp that nitrogen fixation by plankton in eutrophic lakes such as found in South Windermere, Lake Erie, Green Bay, Bay of Quinte, Lake Erken, Bivin’s Arm, Lake Mendota, Sodra Bergundasjon, Lake Mize, Clear Lake, Lake George and Rietvlei Dam, is caused by blue-green algae called cyanobacteria instead of heterotrophic bacteria as most thought (Howarth et al, 669-667; Aplin et al, 129-130; Schindler, 1149-1152). The rates of fixation are also associated with nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria’s biomass (Sommer, 89). Nitrogen fixation in eutrophic waters is definitely critical and can definitely be seen as a major limiting factor because planktonic form of nitrogen fixation  is responsible for about 6-82% of total nitrogen fixed in many eutrophic lakes such as Windermere Lake in the U.K, Lake Erie in the Pennsylvania, Newman’s Lake in Florida, Green Bay Lake in Michigan, Bay of Quinte in Ontario, Lake Erken in Sweden, Bivin’s Arm in Florida, Lake Mendota in Wisconsin, Lake Valencia in Venezuela, Lake 885 in Manitoba, Sodra Bergundasjon in Sweden, Lake Mize in Florida, Clear Lake in California, Lake George in Uganda and Rietvlei Dam in South Africa (Howarth et al, 669-687, Schindler, 1149-1152). The rate of planktonic nitrogen fixation in different trophic levels such as those found in oligotrophic lakes and mesotrophic lakes was significantly lower than those in eutrophic lakes; such that it rate of nitrogen fixation was less than 1%.
   The increased growth of many different kinds of phytoplankton can be limited by the varying levels of nitrogen, or when nitrogen is specifically low compared to phosphorus levels. The anatomy of this consequence is that a significant decrease in nitrogen or the low presence of nitrogen will result in cyanobacerial nitrogen fixers hailing supreme in that particular freshwater habitat; however if nitrogen levels are quite high, then nitrogen fixers wouldn’t be the dominate species as compared to nitrogen limited plankton such as Rhodopseudomonas (Vitousek and Howarth, 87-115; Hsiang-Te and Long-Gen, 45-50; Flemer, 144-149).

Phosphorus and Phytoplankton Production
   The rather popular indicator of lake water eutrophication would be the level of phosphorus input into lakes. One way to relate phytoplankton crop and the amount of phosphorus input and water renewal is the use of the following equations:
1) C*c= IC   and
     V0


2) C*c = MC + IC (t)
                VL + V0 (t)
For the first equation, the C*c stands for the steady state concentration of chemical within the lake, the IC stands for the amount of entering chemical and V0  stands for volume outflow. For the second equation, the C*c stands for the steady state concentration of chemical within the lake as in the first equation. The Mc stands for the chemical mass in the beginning period. IC stands for the amount of entering chemical and VL stands for lake volume; t stands for period of time (Schindler, 478-486).
   Now in steady and perfect conditions both equations should have similar results; and these equations should be tested as a way study lakes with increasing or decreasing levels of nutrients and is a great way to find out if there is some amiable correlation between Phosphorus increase and phytoplankton production (Schindler, 478-486; Schindler, 260-262).

Nitrogen and Phosphorus dependence of Algal Biomass and Liebig’s Law of the Minimum or Limiting Factors
   From the results of certain limnologists (Smith, 1101-1112) there seems to have been an understanding that the frequency of total nitrogen can affected and thereby influence chlorophyll concentration in lakes, even in lakes where Phosphorus was considered limiting; specifically at a statistical ratio of total nitrogen to total Phosphorus at >10-17. To explain this so called dual dependence of algal biomass, its best to understand the function of µ, day-1, which stands for algal steady growth state. One way to understand this dependence would be through the following equation:
                 Âµ   = 1- kqL
                µm            QL

The above equation will explain the dependence of algal growth rate on internal concentrations of nutrients. The QL stands for the cellular concentration of limiting nutrients, µm stands for maximum growth rate when Q is infinite, and kql is the minimum cellular amount necessary for proceeding growth (Smith, 1101-1112). In later studies, it was determined that growth was affected by a nutrient in shortest supply, which happens to comply with Liepig’s Law of the minimum or limiting. One way to find this would be to determine the optimal nutrient ration, where a change from limitation by one nutrient to another happens (Flemer, 144-149). To understand this concept we use the equation:
? = kq1
       Kq2
The concept of ? is the crossing point in which optimal N: P switches from nitrogen limitation to phosphorus limitation happens. It’s indicative to keep in consideration that during nitrogen limitation, the NP ration is < 20 and during Phosphorus limitation, NP ratio is around > 20 (Flemer, 144-149; Smith 1101-1112). In the studies made by Val smith, he notices that the N: P ratios on algal biomass are the results of algal specie’s nutrient needs (Smith, 1101-1112).
   Liebig’s Law of the Minimum or Limiting correlates with the said equations and relationships because Liepig’s Law also states that in steady state condition, the imperative material available in amounts closely reaching critical minimum needed will be the limiting (Flemer, 144-149).

Estimating the Structure of Population

Allegheny College Department of Biology and Environmental Microbiology

Written by: A. Lorenzo Lucino Jr, B.S, B.A


Introduction
   The study of ecology is rather intrinsic in that you have to understand the different aspects of population structure of different plants in different environments. In particular would be is to understand how hard it is to make estimations on population size confidently. There are three components of population structure, which are distribution, density and dispersion. Dispersion answers how each member of a population is spatially located with other members; density will give us how many members of the population are observed per unit area. Distribution will answer where the following organisms are found. This lab will focus on estimating the density and dispersion of a select species of herbaceous and woody plants on the forest floor of Bousson, which includes Red Maples, Partridgeberry and Canada Mayflower. In particular we will examine these differences in two environments, specifically in a conifer plot and a deciduous plot. We will test three hypotheses; the first one is that there are differences in density between populations of the same specie under the different canopy types. The second one is that all species are distributed randomly. The third is that the confidence we have in our population estimates is related to the spatial distribution of the individuals in the population, meaning that estimates with low uncertainty may be easily acquired if a population shows a particular distribution.

Methods
   We will find the estimate of population density of three particular plants, which are Red Maples (Acer Rubrum), Partridgeberry (Mitchella repens), and Canada Mayflowers (Maianthermum canadense) in two areas of Bousson Forest habitats. One plot will be an area that is primarily deciduous and the other will be primarily coniferous. To save time we will mark off 50m x 50m of forest, in which one will be in a different canopy type. This will enable us to find an estimation for population densities, calculation of confidence we have in these estimates and finally finding the dispersion pattern. To supplement this, we will be using plastic quadrats, in each section of the Cartesian XY coordinates; the dimension of a hoola hoop plastic quadrat was 65 Cm in diameter, and the same time our study site was 50m x 50m or precisely 2500 meters. When using quadrats, we will count the number of individual plants within a number of quadrats and when everything is completely tallied, we will be required to obtain the species’ mean, standard deviation, standard error, variance and count for the two canopy plots.  Our confidence in this lab is the ‘best guess’ estimate of the size of the population; we need to establish an interval that bounds the true population size with 95% confidence and to do so we will use the Confidence Interval equation:
CI = +- t Sx and t is given to us as being 1.96.
Another equation which will be quite useful to us would be the Variance equation:
Variance = ( ?X^2 â€" (?X)^2 / n) / (n-1)

Discussion
   We look back at the three inferred hypotheses, which was that there are differences in density between populations of the same species under the different canopy types. The second stated that all species are distributed randomly and the third stated that the confidence we have in our population estimates is related to the spatial distribution of the individuals in the population of our two plots.
Our first hypothesis was proven wrong in that there really wasn’t that much differences in population densities in the particular species population in the two plots; as figure 1 provides that the error bars even point out overlaps between all three species ranging from red maples, partridgeberry and Canada mayflower. The second hypothesis was addressed by both figures 2 and 3 in that it showed little evidences of randomness as there indeed was a linear relationship for both figures. Figure 3 showed some kind of randomness between variance in mean, however in figure 2, the individual samples showed ‘on the dot’ precision. The third hypothesis is answered by the graph on figure 4, which showed a linear composite of the confidence interval vs. clumpyness (variance/mean); which illustrates how confidence we have in the population estimates is related to the spatial distribution of the individuals in the population; meaning that estimates with low uncertainty are better obtained if the population shows distribution.
The field lab was successful in that it allowed us to entirely study, albeit using a rather unreliable method, and identify density, distribution and dispersion.

This is an actual breakthrough in medical research. The works of these doctoral researchers have identified the ability of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the direct role of tumoric cell inhibition.

The prevention of the manifestation of cancer within the neurological system.

This is a medical breakthrough, will be eventually tried and tested on humans.

Role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cyclooxygenase-2 metabolism in brain metastatic-melanoma

Written by: Yvonne M. Denkins, Doty Kempf, Melissa Ferniz, Shilpa Nileshwar,  and Dario Marchetti

Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University, USA

Synopsis

Constitutive expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inducible enzyme involved in the control of inflammatory reactions and in the catalytic conversion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) into prostaglandins, plays a role in the development and progression of epithelial tumors. Though a large body of evidence indicates that omega omega -6 PUFA such as arachidonic acid (AA) promote the growth of tumor cells, omega -3 fatty acids [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] have been shown to inhibit tumor cell proliferation. We have investigated the effects of omega -3 PUFA on the expression and function of COX-2 in 70W, a human melanoma cell line that metastasizes to the brain in nude mice. We show 1) that constitutive expression of COX-2 mRNA is up-regulated by TNF-alpha  which correlated with increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, and 2) regulation of both COX-2 mRNA expression and PGE2 production upon incubation with omega -3 and omega -6 PUFA. COX-2 mRNA expression was significantly increased above control levels in cells incubated with AA resulting in increased prostaglandin production in omega -6 stimulated 70W cells. Conversely, COX-2 mRNA expression decreased in cells incubated with either EPA or DHA. Incubation of 70W with AA increased MatrigelTM invasion 2.4-fold whereas incubation with either EPA or DHA resulted in no change in invasive values. Additionally, incubation of 70W cells with PGE2 resulted in a 2.5-fold increase in invasion, whereas exposure to PGE3 significantly decreased invasion. Our results demonstrate that incubation of 70W with either AA or PGE2 significantly increased invasiveness whereas incubation with EPA or DHA down-regulated both COX-2 mRNA and protein expression with a subsequent decrease in MatrigelTM invasion. Taken together, these results indicate that omega -3 PUFA regulate COX-2-mediated invasion in brain-metastatic melanoma.


http://www.jlr.org/cgi/content/abstract/M400474-JLR200v1

Kiams, you're too cute. Perhaps we can ask a fellow TB member who lives near the region to get one as a token. And transport it Bohol. We can make a pseudo-scientific observation if the stone will grow in the Philippines.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2cyqn2LxKVk&feature=related

Blessed Be Your Name
In the land that is plentiful
Where Your streams of abundance flow
Blessed be Your name

Blessed Be Your name
When I'm found in the desert place
Though I walk through the wilderness
Blessed Be Your name

Every blessing You pour out
I'll turn back to praise
When the darkness closes in, Lord
Still I will say

Blessed be the name of the Lord
Blessed be Your name
Blessed be the name of the Lord
Blessed be Your glorious name

Blessed be Your name
When the sun's shining down on me
When the world's 'all as it should be'
Blessed be Your name

Blessed be Your name
On the road marked with suffering
Though there's pain in the offering
Blessed be Your name

Every blessing You pour out
I'll turn back to praise
When the darkness closes in, Lord
Still I will say

Blessed be the name of the Lord
Blessed be Your name
Blessed be the name of the Lord
Blessed be Your glorious name

Blessed be the name of the Lord
Blessed be Your name
Blessed be the name of the Lord
Blessed be Your glorious name

You give and take away
You give and take away
My heart will choose to say
Lord, blessed be Your name

It is beautiful in person, Music.

The last time I was there, I went out and walked around their corn fields, which is expansive and stretches for miles, maka kita jud ka sa beauty of farming.

Perting buutan kaayo ang mga Amish. Green kaayo ilang communidad.

Packing Right Now

Welcome to Lancaster! The home of the Amish!

Lovely, just lovely

The Historical Seat of Madrid

In Madrid, Spain

No problem, 'te, I had to edit earlier in fear of further kendo attacks from Lee. LoL.

King Hamlet

(Gertrude to Hamlet; 3.4.16)


He dwelled a life in rigid black and white:
His days, like soldiers taut for war, obeyed
Commands of canon law. And as the light
Was coaxed away, so did our passion fade.
My maiden love was lost inside thabyss,
He was no more the knightly prince I wed;
A statues stone mine tender lips did kiss,
Eternal vows unseamed by feeble thread.
Contrivd aires to me he always spoke,
Thardour lulled by laboured tongue and rate;
Though ons dead ere drowned in Orcus yolk,
May soon his spirit soar beyond the gates.
My dreary lord, thy death I cannot mourn,
For sorrows all Ive left to keep me warm.

To Be A Leader


A window with a view of what might be
Embrasure open wide to winds of change
At times my team will see a need through me
A scene I've framed and hope to rearrange
I must remove the shutters blinding all
Exposing both the broken and rebuilt
Transparent, set within in a sturdy wall
Yet I will filter light, preventing wilt
A doorway leading minds into the new
Which opens onto gardens rich with bloom
A portal that invites a passing through
An entrance to a place with growing room
As leader I'm empowered to reveal
Potential thresholds ritual can conceal


by Diz Deni

haha, thats too cute, yo. Too cute!

Post some of your hilarious pictures. Share some of your memories with us.

Quote from: ms da binsi on August 02, 2008, 12:50:54 PM
is this recent Dodong? did you loose some weight?

This was taken when me, Mooky and Lee went to the bear reserves in upper New York State.

During the winter of my junior year ba ni sigoro. These guys were my hiking mates. We used to go hiking around the area.

Good ole' days.

medical school loans

I say you try it, Kiams.

Quote from: LanggamTamsi2 on August 02, 2008, 11:08:51 AM
This is how it looks like when it's winter in my town(VictoriaAustralia....)My adoptedTown.
ang akong banana nga DAWO halfdead na huhuhuhuhu..Mabuhi nig balik kon summer na pod.

Beautiful! Looks just like any Florida, Georgian, Alabaman, Mississippian setting.

Gorgeous views. 

Taken in upper New York State.





Bear Lovin' Country. 

Amen!

My Lord My God leads me through prayer. It is in prayer that we open our hearts and our ears to our Good Savior.

He speaks to me during prayer.

Glorious pictures.

I stand agape at the beauty of the entire environment.

Glorious.

Dr. Ralph Updike, M.D, CDIM, MS (medical director of internal medicine and gastroenterology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine-Hospital System) and myself. I had the privilege to complete a Medical Externship with him this summer.

Quote from: whoami on August 01, 2008, 02:52:39 PM
i am the sun
i am the moon
i am the world
i am your heart

whoami,

you are everyone; and everyone is you.




Welcome, welcome, and welcome again!

Quote from: Angie Gulle on July 29, 2008, 10:41:22 PM
Ako..Support staff sa school as Sepcial Education Assistant... (during school days)

Weekends and Holidays: Floor Manager..as in TIG..mop sa floor, vacuum sa floor, silhig sa fllor og tigsunod sa agi sa akong bana....at the same time, carpenter...mag install og hardwood and laminate floors and baseboard (moulding)...i know how to used miter saw, jigsaw, circular saw, nalier etc...handywoman ko...watch me at HGTV on Mike Holmes on Home....joke...hehehe

You have the virtue of patience, Angie.

What a wonderful gift.

Quote from: musiclover0526 on August 02, 2008, 04:44:22 AM


morag problemado ning bataa,morag gusto ng moambak ...lozzz

Adorable. Simply adorable.

My fatherly time clock is ticking, me-thinks.

Inday, soon you, too, shall be in the path towards medicine/pharmacy. Continue your sharp studies. You will do great, 'day.


About flip flops, what color are you getting diay? My mom bought me black ones raba the other day. LOL!

There is always something symbolical when Filipinos wear Chinelas, no? hahahaha! Or maybe its just in my mind.

hehe, biogeochemistry in its 'cute-cute' form.

I want to extend big CONGRATULATIONS to my younger cousin, Ms. Christian Tan, who took and passed the Nursing Boards!!!

Inday Christian, congratulations kaayo! Powerful Faith, overcomes everything.

The Lucino-Salvo-Tan family toasts to your success!



Kuya Bran,

Quote from: Scott on July 24, 2008, 11:44:00 PM
COngratulations to my youngest brother and to my high school batchmate who are on the same list (E).

My family now has two registered nurses. I could have been the third if I didn't quit nursing school at the time when hiring slowed down in 1998. No regrets. I'm happier now. Just envious with my former nursing classmates in their condo units in South Beach, Florida. hahays. LOLS

........................................................................................
here goes:

Roll of Successful Examinees in the
NURSE LICENSURE EXAMINATION
Held on JUNE 1 & 2, 2008
Released on JULY 23, 2008

...
9682 EBUENGA, ADELE VIVIEN MAJAROCON
...
10046 ESCATRON, MARK PAUL CALAMBA

Your one friend is Ebuenga, right?

My maternal grandmother is of the Ebuenga Family; from Leyte-Bohol region.

I have relatives of the Ebuenga clan that are in Canada.

Congratulations to your brother's success as well as that of your friend! More Power to them!
Excellence is achieved, Excellence is earned.

My Dear Uncle, and my Beloved Auntie Beth,

First and foremost, Thank You.

Thank you for being there for me in college, for all your support and your encouragements. It is invaluable to me of the amount of help and support I received from you guys. My precious and beloved family.

Uncle Steve, you have been influential in my life; most of all thank you so much for supporting what direction I chose. LoL, for understanding my choice of medical school (haha!) Uncle, thank you for coming to pick me up from Allegheny after my study-abroad in Ukraine in 2006. You're an important part of my life; despite me showing that or not by word of mouth. But know that I do. So very much. We need to go hunting soon, that or shooting again, lol.

My Dear Beloved Auntie Beth, I am always happy to hear the stories you give of Philippines, family news and what not. My ears open up and like a sponge, I absorb all the information. I love you, Auntie Beth,
So very much. You are the closest person that reminds me of my beloved Mama Luz.


God Bless You Guys. Always.


Bran2x

I love the outfit, 'day. It looks really good raba, are you sporting that with flip flops?

Very stylish, yo.

by Eric Clapton


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-axOgiuo8Ec&feature=related

Ha, how could I have forgotten about this song. What a lovely song, Mike.

My Prom Song.

"Wonderful Tonight"

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yekz__cCci0

The song bears so much symbolism for me. 

"Darling, darling, you look wonderful tonight.."
That line can break me.

Ah, what a nostalgic song.

I like it.

Kani si GEC, na intrigued jud ko niya.

Kinsa baya ni siya?

Nalipay ko sa ending sa anecdote nimo, Miguel.

Salamat sa Dios ning turn-on balik ang laptop jud.

Quote from: Barbaro on August 01, 2008, 01:13:23 PM
what if God couldn't take the time to bless us today,
because we couldn't take the time to thank him yesterday?

Kaloy-i intawon ako, O Dios,
kaloy-i intawon ako,
kay midangop ako kanimo
aron mahilikay sa kadaotan.

Sa landong sa imong mga pako
makakaplag akong salipdanan,
hangtod nga moagi ang kusog nga unos.

Nagsangpit ako sa Dios,
ang Labing Halangdon;
sa Dios nga nagsangkap
sa tanan kong gikinahanglan.

Salmo 57: 1-3

Salmo 51

O Dios, kaloy'i intawon ako,
tungod sa gugma mo
nga walay paglubad.
Papasa ang akong mga sala
tungod sa dako mong kaluoy!

Hugasi ako
sa tanan kong pagkadaotan,
ug hinloi ako sa akong sala!

Giila ko ang akong kalapasan
ug gibati ko kanunay
ang akong mga sala.

Nakasala ako kanimo-
kanimo lamang
ug nabuhat ko
ang giisip mong daotan.

Busa husto ka
sa imong paghukom kanako ug sa imong pagsilot kanako,
gipakita mo ang imong pagkamatarong.

Daotan ako
sukd ako mahimugso;
ug makasala
sukad ako ipanamkon.

Ang gikinahanglan mo
mao ang matinud-anong
kasingkasing;
pun-a ang kaisipan ko
sa imong kaalam.

Hinloi ako pinaagi sa hisopo
ug maputli ako;
hugasi ako ug maputi ako,
labaw kay sa niebe.

Pabatia ako sa tingong sa kalipay ug pagmaya;
ug bisan gipigis ug gidugmok mo ako,
malipay na usab ako

Ayaw isipa ang akong mga sala,
ug papasa ang tanan kong pagkadaotan.

Putlia, O Dios,
ang akong kasingkasing
ug katagi akong bag-o
ug masinugtanong espiritu.

Ginoo Ko, Ayaw ko isalikway
ug ayaw ipahilayo kanako, ug lig-ona ako sa espiritu nga masinugtanon

Unya tudloan ko ang mga makasasala
sa imong mga sugo,
ug mamalik sila kanimo.

Luwasa ako, O Dios
nga manluluwas ko,
ug isangyaw ko
ang imong pagkamatarong.

Tabangi ako
sapagsulti, Ginoo,
ug daygon ko ikaw.

Dili ka gusto sa mga halad sinunong;kon maghalad ako kanimo niini dili ka malipay.

Ang lad ko, O Dios,
ma ang espiritu nga mapaubsanon;
kasingkasing mapaubsanon;
ug mahinulsolon dili mo isalikway.

Unya ikalipay mo na
ang hustong mga halad
ug tanang halad-sinunog
ug ang mga torong baka ihalad diha sa imong halaran.

This killed me, LoL.

The Emblem of Beta Beta Beta. The National Honors Biology Fraternity.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bcj9csJGg0g

Allegheny College's Delta Tau Delta Fraternity

Go Delts!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYGVadJV7Mw&feature=related

Lauren, I forgot I had this picture of you. lol.
Found this in my dig cam; taken during graduation.

Hahaha, on behalf of my Uncle Roger, thank you kaayo Ms. Orchids!

Bitaw bitaw lipay-lipay mi kaayo to hear this news.

It brings happiness to hear the proliferation of the Lucino gene-seed.

More bright minds to enter the world.


Thanks be to GOD for his blessings to our Family. Baby Sophi!!!

Earlier today my Auntie Beth and my little cousin Stephen came to visit us.

My Aunt graced us with the news that my uncle Roger and my aunt Judith are to be in the hospital this August 2. Apparently, my Aunt Judith will give birth to a baby girl on the 2nd August!

Another Lucino will join the ranks of the Lucino Clan.

I am beaming with joy and exaltation. Baby Sophi will join us. I am finding myself an excited 'Manong-Cousin' hahaha.


Thanks To God for such GOOD News!

The Love of the Son to His Mother.

Mama Mary's pleading to Jesus.

John 2:1-12: the Cana Account

On the third day there was a wedding in Cana of Galilee, and the mother of Jesus was there.
Jesus and his disciples had also been invited to the wedding.
When the wine gave out, the mother of Jesus said to him, "They have no wine."
And Jesus said to her, "Woman, what concern is that to you and me? My hour has not yet come."
His mother said to the servants, "Do whatever he tells you."
Now standing there were six stone water jars for the Jewish rites of purification, each holding twenty or thirty gallons.
Jesus said to them, "Fill the jars with water." And they filled them to the brim.
He said to them, "Now draw some out, and take it to the chief steward." So they took it.
When the steward tasted the water that had become wine, and did not know where it came from (though the servants who had drawn the water knew), the steward called the bridegroom
and said to him, "Everyone serves the good wine first, and then the inferior wine after the guests have become drunk. But you have kept the good wine until now."
Jesus did this, the first of his signs, in Cana of Galilee, and revealed his glory; and his disciples believed in him.

After this he went down to Capernaum with his mother, his brothers, and his disciples; and they remained there a few days.

My first love will always occupy a special place in my heart. Oh my good friend, I know that you are with another man. And I am so very happy for you and him; may you both have a long lasting relationship and may the Love you both have  always be strong.

Forgive me for my faults and for the things that were done; of which you know and I know.

Forgive this man for hurting your heart; I did not know then; but a mere adolescent with thunderous tastes. Fleeting as it may have been. Forgive me.

You waited for me, but I did not. Foolish I was and Foolish I am. Please find it in your heart to forgive me.



Su Amigo,

This particular excerpt brings me to tears, always.

“Then God’s temple in heaven was opened, and the ark of his covenant was seen within his temple” (Rev. 11:19). “And a great portent appeared in heaven, a woman clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars;…she brought forth a male child, one who is to rule all the nations with a rod of iron” (Rev. 12: 1,5).

Hail Mary! Full of Grace! Mama Mary, pray for us.

The Virgin Mary

It was already prophesized in Old Testament of the Coming of the Lord; to be born of a virgin:


"Therefore the Lord Himself will give you a sign: Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a Son, and shall call His name Immanuel. "
- Isaiah 7:14

and it was observed in The New Testament:

"Now the birth of Jesus Christ was as follows: After His mother Mary was betrothed to Joseph, before they came together, she was found with child of the Holy Spirit." 
- Matthew 1:18

--



In Luke 1, we read of the foretelling of the birth of Jesus. An angel appeared before Mary.

    And in the sixth month, the angel Gabriel was sent from God into a city of Galilee, called Nazareth,

    To a virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David; and the virgin's name was Mary.

    And the angel being come in, said unto her: Hail, full of grace, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women.

    Who having heard, was troubled at his saying, and thought with herself what manner of salutation this should be.

    And the angel said to her: Fear not, Mary, for thou hast found grace with God.

    Behold thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and shalt bring forth a son; and thou shalt call his name Jesus.

    He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the most High; and the Lord God shall give unto him the throne of David his father; and he shall reign in the house of Jacob for ever.
    And of his kingdom there shall be no end.

    And Mary said to the angel: How shall this be done, because I know not man?

    And the angel answering, said to her: The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the most High shall overshadow thee.
    And therefore also the Holy which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God.

--

Also in Luke 1, we read of the meeting of Mary with her cousin, Elizabeth

    And behold thy cousin Elizabeth, she also hath conceived a son in her old age; and this is the sixth month with her that is called barren:

    Because no word shall be impossible with God.

    And Mary said: Behold the handmaid of the Lord; be it done to me according to thy word. And the angel departed from her.

    And Mary rising up in those days, went into the hill country with haste into a city of Juda.

    And she entered into the house of Zachary, and saluted Elizabeth.

    And it came to pass, that when Elizabeth heard the salutation of Mary, the infant leaped in her womb. And Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Ghost:

    And she cried out with a loud voice, and said: Blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb.

    And whence is this to me, that the mother of my Lord should come to me?

    For behold as soon as the voice of thy salutation sounded in my ears, the infant in my womb leaped for joy.

    And blessed art thou that hast believed, because those things shall be accomplished that were spoken to thee by the Lord.

    And Mary said: My soul doth magnify the Lord.

    And my spirit hath rejoiced in God my Saviour.

    Because he hath regarded the humility of his handmaid; for behold from henceforth all generations shall call me blessed.

For me Elijah is the symbolic announcement of the coming of The Lord.

As it was said in the Old Testament:
"Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the LORD."
- Malachi 4:5

and it was indeed so; seen in the New Testament:
"For all the prophets and the law prophesied until John. And if you are willing to receive it, he is Elijah who is to come."
-Matthew 11:13-14

Excellent point of view, Mr. Nada. As always, thank you for that view.

One prophet that has my respect is Elijah, the Prophet of God.

The glorious Prophet Elijah is a prophet of the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament. His name has been variously translated as "whose God is the Lord," "God the Lord," "the strong Lord," "God of the Lord," "my God is the Lord," "the Lord is my God," and "my God is Jehovah."

Elijah is frequently mentioned in the New Testament. In John 1:25 the priests and Levites said to John the Baptist, "Why baptizest thou, if thou be not that Christ, nor Elias?" Paul (Romans 11:2) refers to an incident in his history to illustrate his argument that God had not cast away his people.

Elijah was similar to John the Baptist in the sternness and power of his reproofs (Luke 9 :8 ). According to Matthew 11:11, he was the Elijah that "must first come" (Matt. 11:11, 14). In John the Baptist one can see "the same connection with a wild and wilderness country; the same long retirement in the desert; the same sudden, startling entrance on his work (1 Kings 17:1; Luke 3:2); even the same dress, a hairy garment, and a leather girdle about the loins (2 Kings 1:8; Matt. 3:4)."

Ms. Azile,

Thank you for the reply. Am glad you like this thread. I am interested in reading other peoples' views on the matter, as well.


Pleasure to make your acquaintance.


Best,

Quote from: musiclover0526 on July 31, 2008, 03:44:30 AM
Sana mapasaylo ko sa tanan nga akong napasakitan...

Bear with each other and forgive whatever grievances you may have against one another. Forgive as the Lord forgave you.

Colossians 3:13

Ms. Azile,

Pray may I ask what are the reasons your husband has against the Philippines becoming a state?

Interested lang ko to hear his reasons.

Yours,

That is true, Ate Belle. So very true.

Marcos undeniably had a massive role in the destruction of Philippine economics.

It was Marcos' unparalleled 'Borrowing' nature that doomed Philippine economics. We became too dependent on borrowing money from foreign banks, allowing us to be crippled in debt.

Marcos's cronies also took advantage of the Philippines' monetary reserves and pocketing billions of Pesos. To the detriment of the Filipino people; the few benefited but the entire country suffered.

Personal Remark

Ate Belle, I think that the Philippines shouldn't have been so hasty in obtaining independence in 1946. It was too soon.

We received independence only 2 years after the ending of World War II, not enough ample time for the development of infrastructure. Problem number One.

The Philippines should have remained an American Protectorate for at least 10-15 years, and allowed the United States to implement internal growth and investment. The United States would have funded for the entire development of the Philippines. We did not see this in foresight.

The country became independent too soon after the ending of the war; by that time not enough were in public service; many had died in the war. Not enough men were in the military; as the country's Philippine Scouts were only numbered in the thousands.

By the time of independence there was no 'Philippine Navy' only a squadron or two of surface ships; there was no 'Philippine Air Force' only a squadron of fighter planes.

It would have been wiser to remain an American Protectorate until say 1960, that way there would have been enough time to develop the navy, the air force, and the ground infantry; and enough American investment to secure Philippine economic sovereignty.

--

That is why when the Philippines gained independence, not enough was done to fix the living standards of many people; hence the eruption of HUK rebellion, the Moro Wars in the south and the NPA rebellion.

It is a result of 'too-quick' of an independence.

We suffer now as a result of our mistakes in the past.

And what terrible a mistake it has been.

Yes, 'te.

During the time of Quezon, 'te, the Philippine Peso was even worth more than the American Dollar.

The Philippines, during the 20s and 30s era was not even touched by the Great Depression, as it enjoyed a favorable trade with China, Dutch Malaccas, British Malaya, British India, the United States and Latin American world.

The Philippines was the 'enviable' port of Asia. This is one of the main reasons why Japan targetted the Philippines in its conquest; one they wanted to remove the United States from Asia (and the United States had over 100,000 troops in the Philippines at the time) and secondly, the Philippines was a rich territory.

When I took American History in college, there was one song that our professor played in class, which was entitled, "My Filipina Baby". The song was about an American soldier who fell in love with a Filipina girl. It makes a strong relation to the cultural diction both countries played on each other.

World War II paralyzed the Philippines. The war ruined the growing Philippine industry; which was exploding during the 1930s.

Historically, one has Japan to blame for all the problems in the Philippines. They displaced populations, practically destroyed the City of Manila, which was the largest and richest city in Asia during the 1940s.

It is estimated that over 1,000,000 Filipinos died in World War II. And the Philippines' merchant marine was practically wiped out.

That makes sense, Mr. Ferniz.

Quote from: Macky Ferniz on July 31, 2008, 07:47:31 AM
How about someone to lobby in the US Senate for Annexation of Bohol. Aw apil diay pod Leyte for Ginger. Dako baya kaayo ug historical significance sa America ang Bohol ug ang Leyte. Ang usa sa nagpalanding nila ni Mc Arthur, akong tiyo Teodoro Ferniz nga lumad taga Bohol, maguwang sa akong papa. Boy Scout lang sila adtong panahuna ug kung wala sila mag himo ug bon fire nga maoy beacon ni McArthur, siguro mo sangad to ilang warship and the famous words "I shall return" would have remain a promise.

Mr. Ferniz,

I volunteer in the local hospital and I am always honored to meet American elderly citizens there. One individual who I know personally who is in hospice care right now, was an American veteran of World War II.

This individual asked me if I was Filipino. I smiled and said yes, and he began to tell me his story of his experiences in World War II. This man was there in Guadalcanal, and part of the Marine Corp that landed in Leyte Gulf in 1944.

His words was, "God Bless the Filipino people for what they did for us Americans."

He told me of his story how he heard Filipinos getting abused and killed for helping the American soldiers; and he told me how he heard one time Filipino babies were bayonetted by 'Japs'. He said this in his own words. And as he told me his story, I noticed that he was crying and shaking.

It hit me then and there how much the Filipino people helped and made an impact on our American elderly citizens; the WWII vets who were in the Pacific.

They always say, "God bless the Filipinos."

It always touches me to hear them say that.

Quote from: ms da binsi on July 31, 2008, 05:52:37 AM


Azile, my husband always reminded me that "It was your fault Filipinos, because Americans wanted youto be one of the US our State, but your leaders strongly opposed it" ngek! hahah sigi jud ko nija ingnon ana..."See, you could've been the next Hawaii" insakto man sad.

This is true. In 1934, Manuel Quezon led a Philippine Independence Mission to the United States Congress to secure the independence of the Philippines from the United States in 1946. Due to the overwhelming amount of pro-independence supporters, Congress ratified the Tydings-McDuffie Act. The Tydings-McDuffie Act guaranteed Philippine Independence from the United States in 1946.


There were many members in the United States Congress and Senate who were against the Act as they had ambitions in making the Philippines into an 'integral' part of the United States of America.

Many wanted to make the Philippines into an American State; and guaranteeing the Filipinos with the gift of American Citizenship.

Quezon and supporters rejected it.


America's presence in the Philippines was very economical, and I personally cannot deny it. Though I hold a semblance of anger to the United States for its war-mongery during the Philippine-American War in 1898, I cannot deny that the United States did propel the Philippines to economic superpowerdom.

By the time the Philippines became independent, she was the 2nd richest nation in Asia. Second only to Japan at the time. Due to the amount of billions of dollars invested by the USA. Manila was then known as the 'Pearl of the Orient'.

If you ask American historians and politicians, they will reiterate the importance of the Philippines in American national security. The Philippines is strategically located; it is in the middle of the South China Sea, yet within the realm of the Asian Continent yet at the same time in the pacific. Making an invasion nearly impossible without the presence of a large navy to transport troops.

The Philippines' natural resources have yet to been 'harvested'. One of the major resources that the United States took advantage during its presence in the Philippines from 1898 till 1946 was the vast coal reserves in the Philippines. Not to mention zinc, copper, tungsten, gold and diamonds.

Do I think the United States will ever allow the Philippines to fall into disarray? Never.

The United States wants a strategic hold of the Philippines. It is already consolidating its presence in the Philippines with military bases in Mindanao.

To answer the comment that Ate Belle mentioned about Philippine assimilatory processes; it would have been manifested.

The United States would have allowed the Philippine States to retain their indigenous and regional languages; but English would have been made the official language. The Lingua Franca, so to say.

When I was in Puerto Rico, the island itself is fully developed. The cost of living in Puerto Rico, surprisingly, is more expensive that in Mainland USA. The United States has allowed Puerto Rico to retain Spanish as their domestic language but every Puerto Rican speaks English because Puerto Rican schools teach English. And all students repeat the American Pledge of allegiance. Puerto Rico, as a result, enjoys billions upon billions of US Dollars worth in investment.

As a result, Puerto Rico has become a major tourist hot spot for the United States.

The Philippines would have experienced such benefits. The Philippines is a large archipelago so it would have been realistic to see the Philippines divided into 10 states. Many Americans would probably migrate and move to the Philippines; as we know that the Philippines' environment super-exceeds that of Hawaii. And Americans flock to Hawaii to move there. Imagine how the Philippines would be like.

Domestic industry would grow and explode due to American investment; billions if not trillions of dollars would be invested in the Philippines.

The United States would never have to fear of a 'medical frailty' due to the innumerable amount of Filipino nurses and physicians ready to step up. Business-wise it would be beneficial for both the United States and the Philippines.

America would benefit entirely because there would be 92 million citizens that would be paying American taxes. This is a new source of income for Uncle Sam. Think about it.

Do I think it would work? Of course. The PHilippines is already very fluent in English and the relationship the Philippines has with America is very warm. Compared to any other Asian country.

Quote from: ms da binsi on July 30, 2008, 11:59:50 PM
Dodong they could've been luckier sa Marcosian era, maajo pa ang quick death ana Dodong kay kana sila karon i torture na sila sa ilang guilt to their last breath!!! mao pa jud nay mahitabo nija sa prisohan! Banat banatan na sha sa prisohan Dodong!

Good point, 'te.

They have all the time in the world to think about their crime.

Maayo pa sila kai buhi pa sila. Kaluuy intawn ang mga victims kai namatay na. They do not have the fortuitous privilege of breathing, eating, or feeling as these murderers.

God have mercy on their souls.

Additionally, most of our oil goes to the military.

The United States has thousands of aircraft that consumes fuel.

The United States has 18 super air craft carriers; all of which massive amounts of oil. Individually.

Seriously though, do we really need 18 aircraft carriers?

Why not just mothball 9 and keep 9 active? Its a waste of tax payer's dollars anyways.

The reason for the decreased prices is that the United States has demanded Opec countries increase oil production for the United States.

That and the fact that the United States has increased domestic oil production; in the coastal waters, in Alaska, and in oil-rich states.

Once again, quick fixes for a much larger gasoline-addiction.

The United States needs to move away from oil production into renewable resources.

These men are lucky they are not living in the Marcosian period.

They would have already been in front of a firing squad. Quick death.

Quote from: musiclover0526 on July 30, 2008, 06:10:55 PM
awww naa dia pod didto?...at least d kaau grabe tingali ...hehe..luoy atong mga politiko ani,mga puti na ang mo kurakot...haha

The problem with Philippine politics is that there is no transparency; too much 'pork barreling'.

The problem with Philippine politics is that the internal security can be bribed to ' look the other way.'

If you have this kind of problem, the entire system is flawed. And that is the problem with politics in the Philippines; it is just flawed. Everyone, from the local municipal level to the provincia and to the national level works in a flawed and corrupt system.

It's the sad and honest truth.

Quote from: simplylee on July 30, 2008, 03:09:57 PM
ngano walay corruption sa USA?

There is corruption in the United States, but not as high as other countries.

The reasons for this is the prevalence of watch dogs and internal security; the FBI, CIA, and the presence of the Ever-Hungry IRS.

Uncle Sam is a voracious tax-eater. Uncle Sam will file a lawsuit if you even fail to account $100 of your tax revenue; and would be subject to court fees, additional charges and the original $100 fees.

No one is exempt from taxes; not even the President of the United States of America.

Many corrupt senators and congressmen were booted out of office and into Federal Prison due to the IRS's uncovering of illegal and 'questionable' financial exchanges.


Bribery, is a big 'NO NO' here in the United States.


In America, the need to retain credibility, visibility, and responsibility, and honesty is prime.

If one violates this, he or she will loose his or her constituent's support. Loose that and your power base is destroyed.


Look at what happened to the once popular Senator Santorum of Pennsylvania.


America is always the Model Democratic State. Her pillars work.

Originally, I was against Philippine assimilation into the United States of America, for nationhood sake. But as time wore on and as I am exposed at the seemingly hopeless situation on the ground in terms of political liability and economic woes in the Philippines; I became rather interested in the possibilities had the Philippines been assimilated.

The Filipino people would never have to fear 'job losses' or economic woes due to excess population due to the presence of the welfare system here in the United States. If a family is under economic woes; they would be eligible for welfare support by the United States government, which will provide for the given family.

No child, no Filipino child would be limited due to his or her economic status. Education is universal and mandated by the American Eagle.

Even if one is born poor; he or she, by right of intelligence would be able to attend high school, college, graduate schools (medical, law, graduate) by use of collegiate loans, which they would be entitled to pay after graduation. Nonetheless, the opportunities is there.

Standard of living would be high! I have visited Guam, Puerto Rico before and all these territories are American territory. Standard of living there is extremely high. A result of American 'territoryhood'. Can you imagine had the Philippines become a state?

The Philippines itself is a massive archipelago; and would have been divided into probably a good 5-10 states.

And the Filipino population of 92 Million people. This would have been our advantage, being part of the United States.

Think about it; right now there are 300 million Americans. 70% of Americans are White-Caucasians; 12.5% are Latino; 12.5% are African Black and the rest are Asian or mixed ancestry.

Had the Philippines been part of the United States, the Filipino ethnicity would be a majority in American society; almost equal in number as that of White-Americans.

This is power. This means more representatives in the House of Representatives in US Congress for Philippine State(s). This means power and number of influence in the American Senate!

By this right; within a mere 3-5 decades, there would be a considerable amount of Americans who are either fully Filipino or have Filipino ancestry.

With this, being 'Filipino' would be the same as being 'American'. Two in One. Similar to China's '2 governments but 1 country' system.

One can only think and ponder of the possibilities.

i bet the fruits were sweet and yummy. now i have a craving for oranges and cherries.