MikeLigalig.com

Luoya pud ani...

Quote from: islander on March 01, 2013, 01:28:58 PM
such differences made me curious, so i traveled through the internet highway to try to know why.  i'll be posting in a while such differences and why there are many kinds of money plants in another thread (under general topic).   

Here's another kind: mani plant.





How You Can Grow A Peanut Plant

Materials:

Raw peanuts (purchase from the grocery store - not roasted!)

Flower pot or container with drainage hole (6-8 inches in diameter)

Sandy or sandy loamy soil

Method:

Soak peanuts in water overnight

Fill pot with soil to one inch below rim

Plant three peanuts 1 to 1.5 inches deep and cover firmly with soil but do not pack

Keep soil moist and maintain a temperature of 65 degrees F or above. Peanuts should sprout within five to eight days. Keep plant in a warm location exposed to direct sunlight as much as possible. Blooms will likely appear approximately 45 days after the peanut plant has emerged. -- http://chantelg4.hubpages.com/

They analyzed the data to determine age differences in estimated life satisfaction; accuracy in predicting life satisfaction; age, gender and income differences in the accuracy of predicting life satisfaction; and rates of disability and death reported between 1999 and 2010. Other factors, such as illness, medical treatment or personal losses, may have driven health outcomes, the study said.

The findings do not contradict theories that unrealistic optimism about the future can sometimes help people feel better when they are facing inevitable negative outcomes, such as terminal disease, according to the authors.

"We argue, though, that the outcomes of optimistic, accurate or pessimistic forecasts may depend on age and available resources," Lang said.

"These findings shed new light on how our perspectives can either help or hinder us in taking actions that can help improve our chances of a long healthy life," he added.
The study was published online in the journal Psychology and Aging. -- http://www.indianexpress.com/

Because a darker outlook on the future is often more realistic, older adults' predictions of their future satisfaction may be more accurate, according to the study. In contrast, the youngest group had the sunniest outlook while the middle-aged adults made the most accurate predictions, but became more pessimistic over time.

"Unexpectedly, we also found that stable and good health and income were associated with expecting a greater decline compared with those in poor health or with low incomes. Moreover, we found that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability," Lang said.

The researchers measured the respondents' current and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10 and determined accuracy in predicting life satisfaction by measuring the difference between anticipated life satisfaction reported in 1993 and actual life satisfaction reported in 1998.

Lang and colleagues examined data collected from 1993 to 2003 for the national German Socio-Economic Panel, an annual survey of private households consisting of approximately 40,000 people 18 to 96 years old. The researchers divided the data according to age groups: 18 to 39 years old, 40 to 64 years old and 65 years old and above.

Through mostly in-person interviews, respondents were asked to rate how satisfied they were with their lives and how satisfied they thought they would be in five years.

Five years after the first interview, 43 percent of the oldest group had underestimated their future life satisfaction, 25 percent had predicted accurately and 32 percent had overestimated, according to the study.

Based on the average level of change in life satisfaction over time for this group, each increase in overestimating future life satisfaction was related to a 9.5 percent increase in reporting disabilities and a 10 percent increased risk of death, the analysis revealed.

ANI : Washington , Fri Mar 01 2013, 11:53 hrs


Pessimism about the future may lead to longer and healthier life, researchers have suggested.

According to a new study, older people who have low expectations for a satisfying future may be more likely to live longer, healthier lives than those who see brighter days ahead.

"Our findings revealed that being overly optimistic in predicting a better future was associated with a greater risk of disability and death within the following decade," said lead author Frieder R. Lang, PhD, of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in Germany.

"Pessimism about the future may encourage people to live more carefully, taking health and safety precautions," Lang stated.

Hope springs eternal!

Quote from: BolBuhol on March 01, 2013, 06:11:49 PM
Nagpasabot ba na gamatitoy hang imon na jongyor haw bay pikoy?

Hmm,imbis mangsanas, mangsangitas diay?

Confused vegetables for Islander and BolBuhol...

pH = pastilan Hamboga

Chagnon’s work has had far-reaching consequences for the rights of the Yanomami. In the late 1970s, Brazil’s military dictatorship, which was refusing to demarcate the Yanomami territory, was clearly influenced by the characterization of the Yanomami as hostile to each other and in the 1990s, the UK government refused funding for an education project with the Yanomami, saying that any project with the tribe should work on ‘reducing violence’.

Most recently, Chagnon’s work was cited in Jared Diamond’s highly controversial book ‘The World Until Yesterday’, in which he states that most tribal peoples, including the Yanomami, are ’trapped in cycles of violence and warfare’ and calls for the imposition of state control in order to bring them peace.

Survival International’s Director Stephen Corry said today, ‘The greatest tragedy in this story is that the real Yanomami have largely been written out of it, as the media have chosen to focus only on the salacious details of the debate that rages between anthropologists or on Chagnon’s disputed characterizations. In fact, Yanomamö: The Fierce People had disastrous repercussions both for the Yanomami and tribal peoples in general. There’s no doubt it’s been used against them and it has brought the 19th century myth of the ‘Brutal Savage’ back into mainstream thinking.’

Napoleon Chagnon’s autobiography ‘Noble Savages: My Life Among Two Dangerous Tribes â€" the Yanomamö and the Anthropologists’, has just been published. His 1968 book ‘Yanomamö: The Fierce People’ portrayed the Yanomami as ‘sly, aggressive and intimidating’, and claimed they ‘live in a state of chronic warfare’. It is still a standard work in undergraduate anthropology.

The Yanomami live in Brazil and Venezuela and are the largest relatively isolated tribe in South America. Their territory is protected by law, but illegal goldminers and ranchers continue to invade their land, destroying their forest and spreading diseases which in the 1980s killed one out of five Brazilian Yanomami.



Napoleon Chagnon's view that the Yanomami are 'sly, aggressive and intimidating' and that they 'live in a state of chronic warfare' has been widely discredited.

‘Noble Savages’: Chagnon’s new book triggers resignation and protests
26 February 2013
http://www.survivalinternational.org/



Davi Kopenawa, Yanomami spokesperson and shaman, has spoken out against Napoleon Chagnon's new book 'Noble Savages'.


A new book by controversial American anthropologist Napoleon Chagnon has triggered a wave of protests among experts and Yanomami Indians:

    Marshall Sahlins, ‘the world’s most respected anthropologist alive today’, has resigned from the US National Academy of Sciences in protest at Chagnon’s election to the Academy. Sahlins previously wrote a devastating critique of Chagnon’s work in the Washington Post.

    Davi Kopenawa, a spokesman for Brazil’s Yanomami and President of the Yanomami association Hutukara, has spoken out about Chagnon’s work: ‘[Chagnon] said about us, ‘The Yanomami are savages!’ He teaches false things to young students. ‘Look, the Yanomami kill each other because of women.’ He keeps on saying this. But what do his leaders do? I believe that some years ago his leader waged a huge war â€" they killed thousands of children, they killed thousands of girls and boys. These big men killed almost everything. These are the fierce people, the true fierce people. They throw bombs, fire machine guns and finish off with the Earth. We don’t do this…’

    A large group of anthropologists who have each worked with the Yanomami for many years have issued a statement challenging Chagnon’s assessment of the tribe as ‘fierce’ and ‘violent’. They describe the Yanomami as ‘generally peaceable.’

    Survival International’s Director Stephen Corry has said, ’Chagnon’s work is frequently used by writers, such as Jared Diamond and Steven Pinker, who want to portray tribal peoples as ‘brutal savages’ â€" far more violent than ‘us’. But none of them acknowledge that his central findings about Yanomami ‘violence’ have long been discredited.’

Chagnon’s descriptions of his fieldwork are more thematic than chronological, with chapter topics that range from reasons for Yanomamo raids and revenge to his early experiences bringing his family to the field. Much of this book is preoccupied with the argument that initially made Chagnon a controversial figure in anthropology: that the bellicose behavior of the Yanomamo originated in conflicts over women rather than over resources. Additionally, those Yanomamo who were killers of men had greater reproductive success than non-murderers. Thus, Chagnon believed, the Yanomamo offered a glimpse of humankind’s Hobbesian origins, before law and society intervened to rein in our essentially warlike nature.

Such assertions put him at odds with the prevailing anthropological view that humankind was essentially egalitarian and peaceful prior to the rise of settled agriculture, a stance that he calls both “Eurocentric and ethnocentric.” He writes that “the argument that tribesmen are egalitarian because nobody has ‘privileged’ access to ‘strategic’ material resources . . . erroneously projects our own political and economic views into the Stone Age.”

In the final fourth of the book, Chagnon descends into a blow-by-blow account of the attacks against him, which came from all corners: journalists, priests and activists for indigenous people. Some of the grievances were academic â€" for example, that Chagnon gave undue weight to biological over cultural explanations for Yanomamo behavior or that he had exaggerated Yanomamo aggression to prove his point. But other accusations were more devastating, especially the allegation that he had contributed to a measles epidemic. After tackling the more extreme charges, he criticizes anthropology for abandoning science in favor of “witnessing” the wrongs committed against native peoples. In his view, the influence of postmodernism has taken anthropology even further away from science, calling into question the possibility of truth and objectivity. These postmodernists, he says angrily, are now the “barefoot” activists who are teaching your children.

‘Noble Savages: My Life Among Two Dangerous Tribes â€"The Yanomamo and the Anthropologists’ by Napoleon A. Chagnon
By Rachel Newcomb,February 22, 2013
http://www.washingtonpost.com/


Napoleon Chagnon’s “Noble Savages” is a sprawling book that explores his complicated relationship with the Yanomamo Indians of Venezuela, as well as his war with anthropology. Author of one of the best-selling anthropology texts of all time, “Yanomamo: The Fierce People” (1968), Chagnon was later vilified by activists, journalists and anthropologists for exploiting the Yanomamo. This occasionally unwieldy yet engaging memoir is his attempt to explain his work to a lay audience while also putting to rest those accusations, which effectively blacklisted him in the field of anthropology.

When Chagnon first met the Yanomamo Indians, their arrows drawn, they were a group of “burly, naked, sweaty, hideous men nervously staring us down,” their lips distended from chewing huge chunks of tobacco. “Strands of dark green snot dripped or hung from their nostrils . . . drizzled from their chins down to their pectoral muscles,” a side effect of the Yanomamo’s tendency to blow hallucinogens up their noses. To Chagnon, the Yanomamo offered the chance to study a population seemingly unsullied by contact with the Western world, although by the time he arrived in 1964, missionaries and Catholic priests had already begun making inroads. Nevertheless, he found these Indians to be sufficiently unacculturated for his studies. He writes that “this was the last chance for an anthropologist to observe this fascinating social and political transition that terminated with the development of the political state and ‘civilization.’ ”

Noble Savages: My Life Among Two Dangerous Tribes â€"The Yanomamo and the Anthropologists by Napoleon A. Chagnon

Identity crisis of confused shoes...

Hmm, sa dagan niining maong lambo kahinumdom man lang ta sa lantugi diri sa TB kabahin ni anhing Angelo Reyes...

Kini kaha siya...

Ambiseussong iro...

Seussmarisep!

Kung ang Simbahan siging gisaway ni Hans
Angay ba kahang ato siyang biraHans?
Mapasaylo ba kaha ta ni Hans Kung
Iyang ulo sa bongbong atong ipaKung?

The date of birth of St. Victor is unknown, but we do know that he was Pope from 189 to 199.

Victor was a native African, and his father's name was Felix. He is known for having obtained the release of many Christians who had been deported to the mines of Sardinia, and for being the first Pope to celebrate the liturgy and write Church documents in Latin rather than Greek.

He is most famous, however, for decreeing that Easter be universally celebrated on a Sunday, a practice already common in the West, but not so in the East.

He died in 199, possibly from martyrdom. -- http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/

The trulli, limestone dwellings found in the southern region of Puglia, are remarkable examples of drywall (mortarless) construction, a prehistoric building technique still in use in this region. The trulli are made of roughly worked limestone boulders collected from neighbouring fields. Characteristically, they feature pyramidal, domed or conical roofs built up of corbelled limestone slabs. -- http://whc.unesco.org/

Alberobello is a small town and commune in the province of Bari, in Puglia, Italy. It has about 11,000 inhabitants and is famous for its unique trulli constructions. The Trulli of Alberobello are part of the UNESCO World Heritage sites list since 1996. --Wiki

Uploaded on Apr 9, 2009


Matteo Bologna, founder of Mucca Design, and Roberto de Vicq de Cumptich, Principal of de Vicq Design, spoke with Craig Schlanser of the Philadelphia AIGA about their design work for Stephen Starrs French-themed restaurant, Parc.

The interview took place prior to Bologna and de Vicq de Cumptich's joint lecture at Philadelphia University, the second installment of the Philadelphia AIGA's Community Choice lecture series. For more information on the Philadelphia AIGA's upcoming events, visit www.aigaphilly.org/

Produced by Peter Camburn & Craig Schlanser for AIGA Philadelphia

Quote from: hubag bohol on February 26, 2013, 05:03:05 PM
Hans Kung: Why Am I Staying in the Church?   

Hmm, kanus-a kaha ang Hans Kung: Why Did I Criticize Pope Benedict?

Quote from: chicogon on February 26, 2013, 05:09:55 PM
He doesn't have to, he's a theologian. His job is to seek the truth for us. Mao bitaw bisan ge criticized niya ang Pope imbitado gehapon siya one on one with the pope. Ratzinger is also a theologian so he understand the position of Hans Kung. Kung kita pa to ni criticize, aw, morag di man ta authority on the subject. Basin ma kick out ta nga di ma spelling hehehe

Ah, I see. As a theologian, he has the right--or privilege--to be selective about which aspects of his behavior he feels like explaining. Cool.

Erik's Everest Team. Erik is in blue holding the banner for the National Federation of the Blind, which sponsored the trip. Credit: Erik's facebook account

Erik Weihenmayer is a great athlete. He wrestled in high school and college, even being inducted into the National Wrestling Hall of Fame in 1996. Since then, he has earned a reputation as a rock-climber, ice-climber, and mountaineer. Why do these things make him a great athlete? Erik is blind!

Bearing Adversity in Blindness It hardly seems necessary to argue that blindness is an adversity, but for the record here are some details. Born in New Jersey in 1968, Erik was soon diagnosed with retinoschisis. When he was 8, he moved with his family to Hong Kong for 4 years and returned to Connecticut in 1980. His very poor peripheral vision continued to degenerate, and he was totally blind by 13 at the end of junior high.

Biography and list of achievements

On September 23, 1968, Erik was born with a disease called retinoschisis and became totally blind by the age of 13.
In 1987, he graduated from Weston High School in Connecticut. As the school’s wrestling captain, he represented the state in National Freestyle Wrestling Championships.
In 1991, he graduated from Boston College. In the same year, he trekked in the Pamir Mountains of Tajikistan.
In 1993, he received a master’s degree in Middle School Education from Lesley College. In the same year, he crossed the Batura Glacier in the Karakoram Mountains of Northern Pakistan. The same year he joined the staff at Phoenix Country Day School as an instructor.
In 1995, Erik reached the 20,320’ summit of Mt. McKinley, North America’s highest peak, sponsored by the American Foundation for the Blind. His triumph was featured on Today with Katie Couric and the NBC Nightly News with Tom Brokaw.
In 1996, he carried the Olympic Torch through Phoenix and was selected for the first annual Distinguished Arizonan Award by the Governors Council. He was also inducted into the National Wrestling Hall of Fame, and received its first Medal of Courage.
In 1997, he climbed his second continental summit, Kilimanjaro. He married at the height of 13,000’. Erik and his wife Ellen live outside of Denver, Colorado, United States.
In 1998, he rode a tandem bike from Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City with his father, a Vietnam veteran.
In 1999, he attempted Argentina's Mount Aconcagua. Poor weather conditions forced his team to turn around just short of the summit. A subsequent attempt on a separate trip was successful.
In 2001, he climbed and summited Mt. Everest.
In 2004, he led an expedition in Tibet called Climbing Blind project, including blind teens from the Braille Without Borders school for blind at Lhasa, Tibet.
In 2006, helped to lead Global Explorers sponsored expedition, Leading the Way, to Peru. The expedition film, Fellowship of the Andes, premiered in New York City 28th Oct 2006.
In 2007, was the speaker at Lehigh University's spring commencement ceremony on May 21.
In 2009, he was a speaker at the Presidential Youth Inaugural Conference on January 19.
In 2009, he was a speaker at the Babson College spring commencement ceremony on May 16 where he was also awarded a PhD in Humane Letters.
In 2010, he led a group of 11 wounded veterans to the summit of Mt. Lobuche, a 20,075ft peak in the shadows of Mt. Everest.
In 2011, he competed on the ABC reality show Expedition Impossible on the team No Limits with teammates Jeff Evans and Aaron "Ike" Isaacson. They finished 2nd overall.
In 2012, he visited a school assembly in Charlotte, North Carolina. --Wiki

Erik Weihenmayer (born September 23, 1968) is the first blind person to reach the summit of Mount Everest, on May 25, 2001. He also did the same for Mount Ararat. He also completed the Seven Summits in September 2002. His story was covered in a Time article in June 2001 titled Blind to Failure. He is the author of Touch the Top of the World: A Blind Man's Journey to Climb Farther Than the Eye can See, his autobiography.

After he became blind, at first, Weihenmayer did not want to use a cane or learn Braille. He wanted to prove that he could continue living as he had. He tried to play ball, but once he understood that he was incapable of doing so, he learned to wrestle. In high school he went all the way to the National Junior Freestyle Wrestling Championship in Iowa. At that time he started using a guide dog. Then he went to Boston College and graduated as an English major. He became a middle-school teacher and wrestling coach. In 1997, he married Ellie Reeve. The wedding took place at Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. They have a daughter, Emma.

Erik is an acrobatic skydiver, long distance biker, marathon runner, skier, mountaineer, ice climber, and rock climber. He is a friend of Sabriye Tenberken, whom he visited in Tibet to climb with teenagers from the school for the blind. A documentary film based on the project, Blindsight, was released in 2006. Another documentary, Fellowship of the Andes, was produced by Dutch filmmaker Bernd Out. The film shows how Erik inspires a team of blind and visually impaired students on their mountain trek across the Andes in June 2006. In addition, Erik is an active speaker on the lecture circuit. --Wiki

Quote from: Votives on February 26, 2013, 10:23:41 AM
Always remember you Are Still Here so
YOU
Are Able to Get Back Up.

For others, what they want is to be able to
Get It Up.

Hans Kung: Why Am I Staying in the Church?   

Hmm, kanus-a kaha ang Hans Kung: Why Did I Criticize Pope Benedict?

Victim Impact Program

Deputy District Attorney Manuel Garcia, in charge of the Victim Impact Program (VIP) in Pomona, filed the case against Infante.

The District Attorney’s Office established the VIP to ensure that the victims of ‘highly traumatic crimes’ or ‘life-devastating crimes’ which include family violence are given the best possible treatment. The program places specially trained prosecutors in Branch and Area offices throughout the county to specifically deal with these types of cases. This bolsters the offices’ ‘vertical prosecution efforts,’ ensuring that one prosecutor handles these types of cases from start to finish.

Crime

Tomas R. Infante was arrested by the West Covina Police and the Sheriff’s homicide investigators on Jan. 14, after serving a search warrant at the couple’s residence on Hollenbeck St. in West Covina. They have a 17-year-old daughter who lives at home.

Lt. John Corina of the Homicide Bureau, L.A. County Sheriff’s Dept. said Charito appeared to have died from blunt force trauma and “stabbing-type wounds.”

He also said they found evidence implicating the suspect to the murder but couldn’t reveal what the evidence was; only that “it appears from the evidence that the suspect killed the victim at their home and then transported her body in a car, which he parked and abandoned in the parking lot of the Hawaiian Gardens Casino.”

Investigators believe that Charito was killed on Jan. 11.

Infante reported his wife missing to the West Covina Police on Jan. 12 and told them she worked till Friday morning, Jan. 11, but didn’t come home. She worked as a nurse at the St. Vincent Medical Center in Los Angeles.

A family friend told PNews that Charito’s sister was the one who found the nurse’s car in the casino parking lot in the 11000 block of Carson Street.  The sister called the Sheriff’s Dept. about 9 a.m. Jan. 13. Deputies found Charito’s body in the back of her car.  -- http://www.gmanetwork.com/

One count

Infante was charged in Case No. KA100655 with one count of murder by the District Attorney’s Office, Pomona Branch, and was scheduled to be arraigned Jan. 16, but the hearing was postponed to Feb. 13.

Infante is currently incarcerated at the Twin Towers Correctional Facility in Los Angeles. Bail recommended by the prosecution was $1 million which was approved by the court. If convicted as charged, defendant faces a maximum sentence of life in prison with the possibility of parole.

Public defender Kenneth L. Wenzl of the Los Angeles County Public Defender’s office has been assigned to the case.

On Feb. 13, Deputy District Attorney Casey Higgins, who is assigned as prosecutor, asked for another postponement to April 4.

Judge Fisher informed the defendant that he had the right to be arraigned that day and asked if he would give up that right and agree to a postponement. Defendant’s ‘yes’ answer was almost inaudible.

Dep. D.A. Higgins then walked out of the courtroom followed by the victim’s relatives, who at that time could no longer contain their emotion, mostly anger accompanied by accusing looks, directed at the defendant.

One relative even stopped on her way out and kept pointing her finger at the defendant until she caught his attention. Then she raised and pointed to a framed picture of Charito.

Outside the courtroom, before conferring with the victim’s family, Higgins stopped to answer a question from PNews.

“I can’t talk to you about the case at this time,” Higgins said, but gave his contact number for future reference. “You can call me any time,” he added, “or leave a message.”

February 26, 2013 10:00am


POMONA, Calif. â€" Drama unfolded before noon Feb. 13 at Dept. N of the Pomona Superior Court presided by Judge Tia Fisher during the arraignment of Tomas Rodriguez Infante.

Infante, 60, is charged with murdering his wife Charito Vega Tolentino, 57, whose body was found at the back of her abandoned red Toyota RAV4 at the Hawaiian Gardens Casino parking lot in Hawaiian Gardens on Jan. 13. (Philippine News, January 25-31, 2013)

Seated at the left side of the courtroom were either relatives and/or friends of the defendant, judging from their reaction when Infante walked into the courtroom in brown prison garb. After trying a few times, they succeeded in calling his attention which was acknowledged with a smile and a nod by the accused.

Meanwhile, in the mid-section of the courtroom, relatives of the victim, who informed Philippine News that the victim’s correct name is ‘Charito,’ did not react until much later.

Kangaroo

Owl

Fly

Rhinoceros

Python

Toad

Wolf

Elephant

Carabao

Crow

Gecko

Whale

Cobra

Carp

Eagle

Deer

Peacock

Koala

Turtle

Tiger

Camel

Lion

Hedgehog

Squirrel

Alligator

Giraffe

Gorilla

Super yummy!

Yummy!

Naluoy kong Armil kay nahasol intawon. Unsay inyong ikatambag, TB family members?

http://www.sunstar.com.ph/
Monday, January 14, 2013


DEAR Noy Tikyo,

Ako si Armil, 22 anyos, minyo na. Nahasol ko karon tungod sa nabuhat kong sala sa akong bana.

Tulo na mi ka tuig nga minyo. Apan along the way, nakasala ko niya. Maayo man unta siya nako. Buotan sab siya ug mahadlokon sa Ginoo. Apan akong giabusohan ang iyang pagkamaayong tawo.

Di man sa ingon nga di na siya ganahan og sex. Pero di siya hot kon hisgutan ning butanga, sukwahi sa buot kong mahitabo.

Di sab siya makahatag niini usahay nako kay busy siya sa iyang work.

Tungod niini, ako nay mohagad niya. Mosugot man siya, apan ako may magmaniobra unya usahay mabitin sab ko kay una man siyang mahuman kaysa nako.

Mao nang nalambigit ko karon sa usa ka lalaki nga minyo sab nga dako.
Sa pagkakaron, padayon pa ang among panagkita ning tawhana nga wala mahibawo ang akong bana.

Nahadlok ko nga basin unya og madiskobrehan ang akong buhat ug mapatyan ko sa akong bana. Unsa may maayo kong buhaton? Buwagan na lang ba kaha nako ang akong mister aron nga di na ko mahasol?

Kumari Kandam

No retreat, no surrender!

Cool...

Quote from: Lollapalooza on February 26, 2013, 01:38:15 PM

Acceptance


In 1977, over a year before he was elected as John Paul II, Archbishop Wojtyla asked the Vatican to review and lift the ban on the Divine Mercy devotion, and the ban ended in 1978. In April 1978, the Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith declared that the Notification ban was no longer binding, and stated that misunderstandings were created by a faulty Italian translation of Kowalska's Diary. Afterward, the questionable material could not be correlated with the original because of difficulties in communication throughout World War II and the subsequent Communist era. --Wiki

Suppression


After the death of St. Faustina, the nuns at her convent sent her writings to the Vatican. Prior to 1966, any reported visions of Jesus and Mary required approval from the Holy See before they could be released to the public. After a failed attempt to persuade Pope Pius XII to sign a condemnation, Cardinal Alfredo Ottaviani at the Holy Office included her works on a list he submitted to the newly elected Pope John XXIII in 1959. The Pope signed the decree that placed her work on the Index of Forbidden Books and they remained on the Index until it was abolished on 14 June 1966 by Pope Paul VI. In 1959, as the Vatican forbade the Divine Mercy devotion, it also severely reprimanded Sopocko, and all his work was suppressed. However, Eugeniusz Baziak, the archbishop of Kraków, permitted the nuns to leave the original picture hanging in their chapel so that those who wished to continue to pray before it could do so.

An article in the National Catholic Reporter suggested that the ban stemmed from theological issues, for example that "Jesus had promised a complete remission of sin for certain devotional acts that only the sacraments can offer, and what Vatican evaluators felt to be an excessive focus on Faustina herself ran contrary to the views at the Holy Office".

In 1965 Karol Wojtyla, then Archbishop of Krakow and later Pope John Paul II opened a new investigation, interviewed witnesses and in 1967 submitted a number of documents about Faustina to the Vatican, requesting the start of the process of her beatification. The case was accepted for review in 1968.

Devotion to Divine Mercy


Growth


Before her death Faustina predicted that "there will be a war, a terrible, terrible war" and asked the nuns to pray for Poland. In 1939, a year after Faustina's death when Archbishop JaÅ,brzykowski noticed that her predictions about the war had taken place, he allowed public access to the Divine Mercy image which resulted in large crowds that led to the spread of the Divine Mercy devotion. The Divine Mercy devotion became a source of strength and inspiration for many people in Poland. By 1941 the devotion had reached the United States and millions of copies of Divine Mercy prayer cards were printed and distributed worldwide.

In 1942 JaÅ,brzykowski was arrested by the Nazis, but Father Sopocko and other professors went into hiding near Vilnius for about two years. During that period Sopocko used his time to establish a new religious congregation based on the Divine Mercy messages reported by Faustina. After the War, Sopocko wrote the constitution for the congregation and helped the formation of what is now the Congregation of the Sisters of the Divine Mercy. By 1951, thirteen years after Faustina's death there were 150 Divine Mercy centers in Poland.

Quote from: Votives on February 25, 2013, 05:00:24 PM
well thanks a lot mr. money... timing pud kaau naay pamplet akong officemate diri "The Chaplet of The Divine Mercy for recitation on ordinary rosary beads..
From Diary: ST. MARIA FAUSTINA KOWALSKA of the Congregation of Sisters of Our Lady of Mercy

Maria Faustyna Kowalska, commonly known as Saint Faustina, born Helena Kowalska (August 25, 1905, GÅ,ogowiec, Poland then in the Russian Empire â€" Died October 5, 1938, Kraków, Poland) was a Polish nun, mystic and visionary. She is venerated in the Roman Catholic Church as a saint, and is known as the Apostle of Divine Mercy.

Throughout her life, she reported a number of visions of Jesus and conversations with him, which she wrote about in her diary, later published as the book Diary: Divine Mercy in My Soul. Her Vatican biography quotes some of these conversations regarding the Divine Mercy devotion.

At age 20 she joined a convent in Warsaw and was later transferred to Plock, and then to Vilnius, where she met her confessor Michael Sopocko who supported her devotion to Divine Mercy. Faustina and Sopocko directed an artist to paint the first Divine Mercy image, based on Faustina's reported vision of Jesus. Sopocko used the image to celebrate the first Mass on the first Sunday after Easter - which later became known as Divine Mercy Sunday.

In her diary Faustina predicted that her work would be suppressed for some time, then accepted again. Two decades after her death the Divine Mercy devotion was banned by the Vatican, but was approved again in 1978 and she was declared the first saint of the 21st century in April 2000. The Divine Mercy devotion is now followed by over 100 million Catholics. --Wiki

Quote from: islander on February 25, 2013, 08:29:32 PM
i'm the hat in the cat.

...or cat used as a hat...

"Don't ever leave me--alone in the rain." 

Hi, Confucius. Are you friends with Erasmus?

Quote from: Votives on February 26, 2013, 10:02:50 AM
mini jud si mr mani..

Zarzuela ang abilidad ani nga mini nga milyonir...

Quote from: Lorenzo on February 26, 2013, 09:40:02 AM
hmmmm, murag datu gajud ni sija kaajo. ginapiko ginapalo sang kwarta ini nija.

He he, peanuts ra ani niya ang wan milyon, tikalon gid hang milyonir na ini haw...

Quote from: BolBuhol on February 25, 2013, 11:29:42 PM
ano gid ni haw mani or mini.

Mini ini, as in kawntirpit...

Hapit na makat-on si Kristen...

Prehistoric supercontinents


    Gondwana (~510â€"~180 million years ago)

    Laurasia (~510â€"~200 million years ago)

    Pangaea (~300â€"~200 million years ago)

    Euramerica (~300 million years ago)

    Oldredia (~418â€"~380 million years ago)

    Pannotia, also called Vendian (~600â€"~540 million years ago)

    Rodinia (~1.1 Gaâ€"~750 million years ago)

    Columbia, also called Nuna (~1.8â€"1.5 Ga ago)

    Nena (~1.8 Ga)

    Kenorland (~2.7 Ga ago). Neoarchean sanukitoid cratons and new continental crust formed Kenorland. Protracted tectonic magna plume rifting occurred 2.48 to 2.45 Ga and this contributed to the Paleoproterozoic glacial events in 2.45 to 2.22 Ga. Final breakup occurred ~2.1 Ga.

    Ur (~3 Ga ago). Classified as the earliest known landmass. Ur, however, was probably the largest, perhaps even the only continent three billion years ago. While probably not a supercontinent, one can argue that Ur was a supercontinent for its time, even if it was smaller than Australia is today. Still, an older rock formation now located in Greenland dates back from Hadean times.

    Vaalbara (~3.6 Ga ago). Evidence is the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia and the worldwide Archean greenstone belts that were subsequently spread out across Gondwana and Laurasia. --Wiki


N.B. Ga = one billion years (thousand million years)

Quote from: hubag bohol on February 26, 2013, 11:31:53 AM
In geology, Rodinia is the name of a supercontinent, a continent which contained most or all of Earth's landmass. According to plate tectonic reconstructions, Rodinia existed between 1.1 billion and 750 million years ago, in the Neoproterozoic era. It formed at ~1.0 Ga by accretion and collision of fragments produced by breakup of the older supercontinent, Columbia, which was assembled by global-scale 2.0-1.8 Ga collisional events. Rodinia has entered popular consciousness as one of the two great supercontinents of earth history, the other being Pangaea. --Wiki

Columbia, also known as Nuna and Hudsonland, was one of Earth's ancient supercontinents. It was first proposed by J.J.W. Rogers and M. Santosh (2002) and is thought to have existed approximately 1.8 to 1.5 billion years (Ga) ago in the Paleoproterozoic Era. Zhao et al. (2002) proposed that the assembly of the supercontinent Columbia (Nuna) was completed by global-scale collisional events during 2.1â€"1.8 Ga. It consisted of the proto-cratons that made up the former continents of Laurentia, Baltica, Ukrainian Shield, Amazonian Shield, Australia, and possibly Siberia, North China, and Kalaharia as well. The evidence of Columbia's existence is based upon geological and paleomagnetic data. -- Wiki

Quote from: hubag bohol on February 26, 2013, 11:26:12 AM
Prehistoric Atlantis

Jamtveit and his colleagues estimate that the lost microcontinent, which they have dubbed Mauritia, was about a quarter of the size of Madagascar.

Furthermore, based on a recalculation of how the ancient continents drifted apart, the scientists concluded that Mauritia was once a tiny part of a much larger "supercontinent" that included India and Madagascar, called Rodinia.

The three landmasses "were tucked together in one big continent prior to the formation of the Indian Ocean," Jamtveit said.

But like a prehistoric Atlantis, Mauritia was eventually drowned beneath the waves when India broke apart from Madagascar about 85 million years ago.

In geology, Rodinia is the name of a supercontinent, a continent which contained most or all of Earth's landmass. According to plate tectonic reconstructions, Rodinia existed between 1.1 billion and 750 million years ago, in the Neoproterozoic era. It formed at ~1.0 Ga by accretion and collision of fragments produced by breakup of the older supercontinent, Columbia, which was assembled by global-scale 2.0-1.8 Ga collisional events. Rodinia has entered popular consciousness as one of the two great supercontinents of earth history, the other being Pangaea. --Wiki