MikeLigalig.com

Criticism:

In spite of its world wide acceptance, Darwin's theory has been subjected to certain objections. There are:

i. The theory explains only the survival of the fittest but not the arrival of the fittest.

ii. Darwin believed in inheritance of acquired characters which has not been proved by genetics.

iii. Darwin did not accept the discourteous or mutations as the basis of evolution.

iv. The theory does not explain the presence of vestigial organs.

v. The theory fails to give reasonable explanation of the process of mimicry.

vi. Darwin's theory of pangenesis is completely discarded.

On the basis of these objections and other scientific researches it can be said that natural selection is not the only chief cause of evolution. Darwin himself said that, "The natural selection is an important cause of variation but not its sole reason." Recently the theory has been modified and known as Neo-Darwinism.

(5) Natural selection:

According to Darwin nature selects the fittest ones to survive and rejects the unfit ones as a former selects the seeds for the next year's crop artificially. In nature, only those organisms which are best adapted to a given set of conditions are most likely to survive.

Due to natural selection the organisms with better suitable characters get more chances of reproduction and these with less advantage characters get less chance. In this way, in species advantageous characters are increasingly accumulation generation after generation and disadvantageous characters gradually disappear.

(4) Survival of the fittest:

The organisms with useful variations have an upper hand in the struggle for existence and they come out successful. They win the struggle, survive and propagate the variation to the next generation. Others with harmful variations perish, while variations give rise to new characters, heredity passes them to the next generation.

(3) Variations:

The differences of offsprings from their same species are called variations. These are the most important aspects of evolution. No two individuals were exactly alike. Such variations were of two kinds, some were inheritable while others were not inheritable. Darwin was not aware of the principles of heredity and hence could not explain satisfactory the causes of such variation. Further, the variation may be beneficial, harmful or neutral. The beneficial variations help the organisms to survive while the harmful variations hinder and handicap the organisms for survival. Neutral variations have no role in evolution.

(2) Struggle for existence:

The immense power of reproduction ensures a competition among the offsprings for food, shelter clothing light mating partner and all other necessities of life. This competition is refereed to as struggle for existence which operated in three ways.

i. Intraspecific struggle: It is a struggle between the individual of the same species. This is most severe competition as the needs of all members are same.

ii. Interspecific struggle: The struggle taking place between the different species of living beings is called interspecific struggle. This is very common because some living beings are food for others.

iii. Environmental struggle: It is the struggle of living organisms against the physical environments like cyclone, earth quake, flood, drought, extreme heat and cold etc. the Mesozoic reptile dinosaur became extinct as a result of this environmental struggle.

(1) Over Production:

Every plant and animal has a tendency to produce in geometrical progression (Malathian concept). If all the offsprings of an organism survive, then in a few generations the whole earth will be occupied by the individuals of a single species. Some example of over production can be cited as:

i. A bacterium can give rise to millions of new bacteria in a single day it produced by binary fission.

ii. A fern plant produces millions of spores and it all of them germinate and produce new plants, they will cover the earth in few years.

iii. An evening primerose plan produces 118000 seeds per year. In this rate the number will be enormous in few generations.

iv. Elephant is the slowest breeder among animals. In its 100 years life span and 60 years of reproductive capacity, it produces maximum six offsprings. At this rate couple of elephants will produce 15 million elephants in 500 years.

With such extraordinary productivity of living things an effective check upon every species of plant and animal is inevitable. This check was recongnised by Darwin as struggle for existence.

Darwin's theory is based on the following fundamental facts:

(1) Over production

(2) Struggle for existence

(3) Variation

(4) Survival of the fittest and

(5) Natural selection

ATUL VIJAYKANT
http://www.preservearticles.com/


Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) an English naturalist is a remarkable figure in the evolutionary history. He was associated with the Christ College, Cambridge where he joined a team of scientists for exploring the world. He undertook a global voyage for a period of five years in a ship H.M.S. Beangle and discovered Galapagos Islands of South America. During the journey Darwin collected flora and fauna from different part of the world. After returning home, he spent nearly 20 years in analysing the collected materials while preparing a theory of natural selection. Darwin received a correspondence from another scientist A.R. Wallace (1958) working on the flora and fana of malyan archipelago. Incident the views of Darwin coincided with that of Wallace and he was prompted to write a book "Origin of species" in which he was vividly explained "Theory of natural selection". Popularly his theory is known as "Darwinism".

The world of fantasy of war freaks...

And now, for another kind of fantasy...

Floods hit parts of QC, Manila
ABS-CBNnews.com
Posted at 08/03/2013 3:13 PM | Updated as of 08/03/2013 5:40 PM


MANILA â€" Floods hit parts of Quezon City and Manila due to strong rains Saturday afternoon.

The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) said gutter-deep floods submerged the northbound lane of EDSA-Quezon Ave in front of Centris at around 2:50 p.m.

Floods also hit Congressional Avenue and EDSA-Muñoz.

The floods caused heavy traffic as some areas are no longer passable to some vehicles.

As of 2:48 p.m., MMDA said A. Bonifacio NLEX is not passable to all types of vehicles.

Quezon Ave.-Biak na Bato is also not passable to light vehicles due to 15-inch deep floods.

The floods also caused traffic jams in Manila as motorists braved floods along España-A. Maceda to Antipolo, Blumentritt, and Sampaloc.

Weather bureau PAGASA said the strong rains were caused by a thunderstorm affecting parts of Zambales, Metro Manila, Rizal, Batangas and Bulacan.

PAGASA issued a thunderstorm warning at around 2 p.m.

Motorists were also warned to against driving during the heavy rains due to poor visibility. -- With reports from Robert Mano and Ricky Velasco, dzMM

Informally, Gödel's incompleteness theorem states that all consistent axiomatic formulations of number theory include undecidable propositions (Hofstadter 1989). This is sometimes called Gödel's first incompleteness theorem, and answers in the negative Hilbert's problem asking whether mathematics is "complete" (in the sense that every statement in the language of number theory can be either proved or disproved).

A statement sometimes known as Gödel's second incompleteness theorem states that if number theory is consistent, then a proof of this fact does not exist using the methods of first-order predicate calculus. Stated more colloquially, any formal system that is interesting enough to formulate its own consistency can prove its own consistency iff it is inconsistent.

Gerhard Gentzen showed that the consistency and completeness of arithmetic can be proved if transfinite induction is used. However, this approach does not allow proof of the consistency of all mathematics. --http://mathworld.wolfram.com/

Lose It: Going Food Shopping Without a List

If this happens, it often results in a grocery cart full of unneeded foods and unhealthy snacks, plus a large bill. As Glassman says, when you don't have a plan of attack, it's easy to get lost in the grocery store and wind up spending more money than planned on. With that said, go in with a plan and buy what you came for. Avoid the center aisles of the market, which usually contain processed foods, unless you're looking for something on your list like brown rice or whole-grain pasta or canned tomatoes.

-Yasmin Fahr, The Daily Meal

Lose It: Eating on the Go and Convenience Foods

When on the road or in a pinch, buying packaged and processed foods is an easy choice. But what comes with that? Empty nutrients, unpronounceable ingredients, and tons of preservatives, says Glassman. Instead, plan ahead of the week on the weekend or keep healthy snacks on hand. She suggests nuts, fiber crackers, natural peanut butter to spread on apples or bananas, trail mix (better homemade and without candy), or healthy nutrition bars like Kind.

Lose It: Skipping Meals

As Nestle says, "Starvation is not good for health." Glassman expands to add that when you skip meals, your body is denied needed calories, which provide the energy our cells need to operate at optimal level.

Do It: Cook More at Home and Ahead of Time

Nestle recommends learning how to cook and prepare meals quickly. As she says, "It's not hard to cook something from scratch in the time it takes to heat up frozen meals or those stored in the refrigerator." Glassman suggests spending a few hours on the weekend to make meals and snacks for the week to make up for the work days when schedules are more hectic. These healthy meals can be brought to work for lunch or quickly heated up after work for dinner.

Do It: Eat a Variety of Nutrient-Rich Foods and a Balanced Diet

"This is standard boring nutritionists' advice from me, too," says Nestle. "I have an easier translation: eat plenty of vegetables and don't eat too much junk food." Glassman stresses that variety and balance are very important in a diet because of all the different nutrients the body needs, and it's impossible to get all of them from the same foods, even if they are healthy ones.

Do It: Eat More Whole Foods

Glassman explains that the idea behind whole foods is to ideally eliminate as many packaged foods as possible from your diet and choose ones with as few ingredients listed as possible. For example, "it's not just the vitamin C in an orange that contributes to our health, so you can't eat a pack of fruit snacks fortified with vitamin C and think you're getting the same benefits. There is a whole group of phytochemicals, fiber, and substances that scientist haven't even discovered yet that all work together in a whole orange to improve our health."

Of course, this advice might not be new to some people and, with the excess of health information on the web, it's easy to forget the basics and caught up in the hot trend of the moment or the new go-to diet that claims to melt away the pounds. But this is news worth repeating: losing weight and becoming healthier is not accomplished by quick-fix changes that can be done and then forgotten about. It requires lifestyle changes that need to be sustained.

For expert opinions and advice, we turned to two well-respected nutritionists, Marion Nestle, a professor at NYU and author of Food Politics as well as numerous other books, and Keri Glassman, author and founder of Nutritious Life in New York City. As Glassman says, "Taking small steps can make a big difference toward a healthier lifestyle. Examine what your personal diet pitfalls are and start to change them one habit at a time." As a jumping-off point, Glassman suggests starting small and trying to get in the habit of ordering dishes that are grilled and baked instead of fried when dining out, and asking for a side of vegetables instead of fries.

By The Daily Meal | Shine Food â€" 16 hours ago


With the rise of eating-related issues like type 2 diabetes, obesity, and heart disease, the need to improve the overall health of our country is becoming more urgent - it's time to make some changes in our daily habits and eating patterns.

Of course, no one wants to be thought of as the picky eater (the one who brings their own dressing to restaurants or refuses to order anything as is on the menu), but sometimes embracing a healthier way of life means doing new things that probably won't feel natural at first. We're not talking about extreme measures here, but little habits like starting the morning with a big glass of water and eating more vegetables and less processed foods.

Long-haired uroy...

Quote from: hubag bohol on August 04, 2013, 09:29:14 AM
I went to the animal fair,
   The birds and the beasts were there;
The big baboon by the light of the moon
   Was combing his auburn hair....

The place had become a zoo,
   With childen and grown-ups too,
We opened the door, and looked out for more,
   And who did we see?  It was you!

He he...

The Animal Fair
by William Copper



There was a fair, a fair, 'twas an animal fair ...

I went to the animal fair,
   The birds and the beasts were there;
The big baboon by the light of the moon
   Was combing his auburn hair.

You ought to have seen the monk,
   Who sat on the elephant's trunk.
The elephant sneezed and fell on his knees,
   And what became of the monk, the monk?

The alliligator and loon
   Were strolling along the lagoon:
The loon gave a laugh to observe the giraffe
   Try to unmask the raccoon.

The bugs were there and the bees,
   And fishes from all seven seas.
An antical man and a manic toucan
   Were helping each other with fleas.

I went to the animal fair,
   The birds and the beasts were there;
The big baboon by the light of the moon
   Was combing her auburn hair.

The penguin got herself dressed,
   And put on her very best vest;
The rhino turned round with a squint and a frown
   And chased her back to the nest.

The leopard had spots she'd got
   From drinking her coffee too hot;
Whenever she'd drink the spots would blink
   So she'd hidden her head in a pot. 

I went to the animal fair,
   The birds and the beasts were there;
The big baboon by the light of the moon
   Was combing her auburn hair.

The place had become a zoo,
   With childen and grown-ups too,
We opened the door, and looked out for more,
   And who did we see?  It was you!

     New lyrics copyright 2002 William P. Copper

Quote from: hubag bohol on August 04, 2013, 09:13:58 AM
To believe that you have an informational edge over other market participants is, to put it mildly, fanciful.

Butangi!

So, what's the solution?

Quite simply, you have to come to terms with the fact that overconfidence, as my colleague Morgan Housel has pointed out, is an investor's worst enemy. To believe that you have an informational edge over other market participants is, to put it mildly, fanciful.

What's behind the underperformance? Overconfidence.

Not unlike driving, where we all consider ourselves above average, investors think they're better at investing than they actually are. This overconfidence leads them to trade too often and thereby exposes their portfolios to higher transaction costs and a bevy of cognitive biases that almost invariably produce substandard returns.

An annual study completed by DALBAR, a leading source for information on investor performance, found that the average investor underperformed the broader market on a multi-year time frame in 15 out of the past 15 years. That's right, 100% of the time!

It's all spelled out in the following figure, which I included in an article yesterday to show the most recent decade's worth of 20-year returns for the average mutual fund investor compared against the S&P 500.

By John Maxfield
August 3, 2013
http://www.fool.com/


The chances are good that you're a bad investor. I'm sorry if that comes as an unpleasant surprise, but if you have any doubt about it, I encourage you to compare your performance against that of the S&P 500 (SNPINDEX: ^GSPC  ) . I did, and it was humbling.

If it makes you feel any better, you're not alone.

Bwahaha!

Quote from: islander on July 24, 2013, 10:55:55 AM
1

Coke as Toilet Bowl Cleanser
Forget about the expensive toilet disinfectants, when you can have this simple and easier idea to clean your toilet bowls!

for detailed steps on how to clean a toilet bowl with coke, please go to: http://www.wikihow.com/Clean-a-Toilet-With-Coke

Cool. Pwede ra ba kaha ang Coke Zero...

He he, naay uban nga nahibilin kay wa mahalin...

Under the program that started in 2010, foreign-owned mining companies have given up stakes to locals and the banking sector is next in line.

Local governance advocacy group, the Harare Residents' Trust said it wanted quality services delivered from the Harare City Council (HRT).

"To the HRT, the issues have not changed. Residents want clean water, effective representation by elected officials, accountable leadership and transparency in the utilization of public resources, and more engagement among the citizens and their elected representatives and service providers," the group said.

Tsvangirai has described the elections as a "huge farce" that did not reflect the will of the people. He said the elections were marred with irregularities that affect the legitimacy of its outcome.

Coltart, who lost to a member of Tsvangirai's party in the July 31 parliamentary elections, said Zimbabwe would find it difficult to attract foreign capital if Zanu-PF insisted on its policy to transfer foreign ownership of companies to black Zimbabweans.

Justice and Legal Affairs Minister Patrick Chinamasa, a member of Mugabe's party, said on Friday that his party will push ahead with the indigenization program to ensure the country's resources "are exploited by Zimbabweans for the benefit of our people."

"We want to enhance participation of locals in industry from the current levels (51 percent) to 100 percent. We want to have an economy that is Zimbabwean," he said.

Chinamasa said Zimbabwe's economy was currently a British economy as major banks were British-owned.

"The MDC-T's plan to get investment from countries that have let us down during the time of the inclusive government is not realistic. They went to the West with a begging bowl, asking for assistance and investment, but this was not forthcoming," Mhiripiri said.

However, outgoing Education Minister David Coltart said Zanu-PF will face a mammoth task to rebuild the economy because its win was not legitimate.

"It will be very difficult for them to govern the country. Zanu- PF has the challenge of attracting domestic and international investment. It has to resuscitate business confidence and I think it will be a big battle for them to achieve that," Coltart said.

Zimbabwe's economy has gone through a roller-coaster past from one of Africa's most prosperous countries to a near collapse economy. The economy began to recover in 2009 after the government dumped the hyperinflation-crashed Zimbabwe dollar and adopted the U.S. dollar as currency. Mining and agriculture sectors are also booming.

Mugabe and Tsvangirai were forced into a coalition government after the disputed polls in 2008. Both claimed credit for the economic recovery and criticized the other's strategies to boost development.

Zanu-PF has been pushing for local employment through "indigenization" drive, while MDC-T is more in favor of attracting foreign investments by opening up wide.

He said Zimbabweans had decided to give the revolutionary party another chance to deliver, following poor performance by Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai's Movement for Democratic Change (MDC-T) party during the time it was in the inclusive government.

"For now that's what Zimbabweans need. If Zanu-PF messes up again, Zimbabweans will vote wisely and so the party has to deliver on its promises," Mhiripiri added.

He said Zanu-PF's promise to economically empower Zimbabweans through greater control of natural resources was deliverable, compared to MDC-T's promise to build the economy and create jobs through external assistance.

HARARE, Aug. 3 (Xinhua) -- Zimbabwean analysts have expressed mixed views on the future, especially economic future, of the country following the re-election of President Robert Mugabe and his party into power.

Mugabe's Zimbabwe African Nation Union - Patriotic Front (Zanu- PF) party also secured two-thirds of the seats in the parliament, giving it the power to amend the constitution without the support of other parties.

Nhamo Mhiripiri, a media studies lecturer with the Midlands State University, told Xinhua on Saturday that Mugabe and his party's victory in the July 31 elections will give Zimbabwe stability and certainty to move forward.

"There will be more stability, less bickering and a pursuance of polices that will be easy to deliver," he said.

Posts: 70100




Yehey, 9900 na lang!

DAVAO. Gemma Alungan, from a Bagobo tribe, weaves a native tinalak cloth that is being showcased as one of Mindanao's top native products in the Kadayawan Craft Tourism Fair at Abreeza Mall in Davao City on Friday. (King Rodriguez)

Aron madali...

Parehas og linaktan...

Other variables should be combined with ethnicity, he said, since mothers within specific ethnic groups also come in different shapes and sizes.

Based on these results, if more U.S. hospitals incorporated ethnicity-specific ranges into charts, they could more accurately identify the infants that need to be watched more closely for complications, Hanley said.

"By more accurately identifying the babies at risk of these complications, hospitals could save resources (by not investigating small but healthy infants) and save a lot of parents the anxiety of being told that their small but healthy baby is small for gestational age," she said.

SOURCE: http://bit.ly/1aXZneQ American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, online July 1, 2013.

Special ethnicity-specific birth weight charts are already common in hospitals in some countries.

"In UK, over half of hospitals have already introduced customized charts, and more and more are coming on board," said Jason Gardosi, director of the Perinatal Institute in Birmingham, United Kingdom.

But in the U.S., the specialized charts are only used in research and not yet in clinical care, which is largely because clinicians are slow to make changes to practice, Gardosi told Reuters Health by email.

Newborns considered small at birth, meaning they were in the lowest 10 percent of birth weights for the whole group, tended to have the most problems in their first days, the team reports in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

But based on size alone, the researchers were only able to predict a baby's risk of hypothermia and needing to stay in the intensive care unit after birth, whereas considering size in combination with ethnicity predicted all of the potential problems.

"It's now well known that ethnicity plays an important role in fetal growth and that weight references must be developed and adapted to local populations," said Cyril Ferdynus, a biostatistician in Reunion, France, who was not involved with the study but has researched this question.

Hanley and her coauthor Patricia Janssen looked at data on more than 100,000 singleton babies born in Washington state between 2006 and 2008, 93,000 of whom were born at a healthy weight based on general population averages and ethnicity-specific standards. The infants belonged to white, Chinese or South Asian ethnic groups.

The researchers used the babies' weights to try to predict complications after birth, including an Apgar score - which measures heart rate, breathing, muscle tone, reflexes and color - of less than 7 out of 10 at five minutes after birth.

They also examined admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit, the need for ventilation, extra long hospital stays, hypothermia, low blood sugar and infection, all of which indicate newborn distress.

Based on these results, adjusting the standards may be necessary, she told Reuters Health

Many factors influence birth weight, including a mother's weight and height, whether she has given birth before and her ethnicity. Conditions that restrict a baby's growth during pregnancy can also cause a newborn to be smaller than usual.

Babies who are not premature, but still small compared to other full-term infants are at higher risk for longer hospital stays, infections and other problems.

1 hour ago


By Kathryn Doyle

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - For newborn babies, taking ethnicity into consideration may help determine how small is too small, according to Canadian researchers.

They found that birth-weight standards based on population averages did not predict which babies born at or near full term were likely to suffer problems associated with being small for their gestational ages.

"The results are not necessarily surprising, but there has been controversy regarding whether customizing growth distributions is necessary," said lead author Gillian Hanley of the School of Population and Public Health at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver.

Refugium Peccatorum Madonna, an example of Marian art

The modern version is taken from that indulgenced by Pope Pius IX in 1846, Raccolta, #339 (S. C. Ind., Dec. 11, 1846; S. P. Ap., Sept. 8, 1935) Encr. Ind. #32:

MEMORARE, O piissima Virgo Maria,
non esse auditum a saeculo, quemquam ad tua currentem praesidia,
tua implorantem auxilia, tua petentem suffragia,
esse derelictum.
Ego tali animatus confidentia,
ad te, Virgo Virginum, Mater, curro,
ad te venio, coram te gemens peccator assisto.
Noli, Mater Verbi,
verba mea despicere;
sed audi propitia et exaudi.
Amen.

--Wiki

Memorare (Remember O Most Gracious Virgin Mary) is a Roman Catholic prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary. Memorare, from the Latin "Remember", is frequently misattributed to the 12th-century Cistercian monk Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, apparently due to confusion with its 17th-century popularizer, Father Claude Bernard, who stated that he learned it from his own father. It first appears as part of a longer 15th-century prayer, "Ad sanctitatis tuae pedes, dulcissima Virgo Maria." --Wiki

â€" Weight Watchers International plunged $9.07, or 19 percent, to $37.96 after the company reported late Thursday that its second-quarter net income fell 16 percent as the company booked costs related to the early extinguishment of debt. The company also named a new CEO and said recruitment trends are weak.

â€" Dell rose 68 cents, or 5.2 percent, to $13.64 after a special committee of the company's board agreed to an increased offer from founder Michael Dell that would add a special dividend.