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The Royal Sultanate of Sulu

The Sultanate of Sulu Dar al-Islam[note 1] (Jawi: سÙ,,طنة سوÙ,,Ùˆ دار اÙ,,إسÙ,,اÙ...) was an Islamic TausÅ«g state that ruled over many of the islands of the Sulu Sea, in the southern Philippines and several places in northern Borneo. The sultanate was founded in 1457 by a Johore-born Arab explorer and religious scholar Sayyid Abu Bakr Abirin after he settled in Banua Buansa Ummah (ummah is an Arabic term for "community"), Sulu. After the marriage of Abu Bakr and local dayang-dayang (princess) Paramisuli, he founded the sultanate and assumed the title Paduka Mahasari Maulana al Sultan Sharif ul-Hāshim. Sharif ul-Hāshim was a direct descendant of Islamic prophet Muhammad. Currently the issue of who would be the legitimate Sultan of Sulu is disputed by several branches of the Royal Family, although the line of succession fell on the Kiram branch of the royal family from 1823.

The Kingdom of Mai


The Ma-i (also spelled Ma'i, Mai, Ma-yi or Mayi; Chinese: 麻逸; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: má it) was a Prehispanic Philippine state whose existence was recorded in the Chinese Imperial annals Zhu Fan Zhi and History of Song. It is also recorded in the Sultanate of Brunei's royal records as the nation of Maidh. This state was said to have been centered on the island of Mindoro.


Mai according to Chinese records

In 1225, China's Zhao Rugua, a superintendent of maritime trade in Fukien province wrote the book entitled Zhu Fan Zhi (Chinese: 諸番志; literally ""Account of the Various Barbarians"") in which he described trade with a country called Mai (pronounced "Ma-yi") which was a prehispanic Philippine state. In it he said:

The country of Mai is to the north of Borneo. The natives live in large villages on the opposite banks of a stream and cover themselves with a cloth like a sheet or hide their bodies with a loin cloth. There are metal images (Buddhas) of unknown origin scattered about in the tangled wilds. Few pirates reach these shores. When trading ships enter the harbor, they stop in front of the official plaza, for the official plaza is that country's place for barter and trade and once the ship is registered, they mix freely. Since the local officials make a habit of using white umbrellas, the merchants must present them as gifts.

The method of transacting business is for the savage traders to come all in a crowd and immediately transfer the merchandise into baskets and go off with it. If at first they can't tell who they are, gradually they come to know those who remove the goods so in the end nothing is actually lost. The savage traders then take the goods around to the other islands for barter and generally don't start coming back until September or October to repay the ship's merchants with what they have got. Indeed, there are some who don't come back even then, so ships trading with Mai are the last to reach home. San-hsu, Pai-p'u-yen, P'u-li-lu, Li-yin-tung, Liu-hsin, Li-han and etc. are all the same sort of place as Mai.

The local products are beeswax, cotton, true pearls, tortoise shell, medicinal betel nuts and yuta cloth. The merchants use such things as porcelain, trade gold, iron pots, lead, colored glass beads and iron needles in exchange.



Chinese porcelain-ware, Kangxi era (1662â€"1722), Qing Dynasty. Ancient Chinese porcelain excavated in Mindoro, Philippines; proves the existence of trade between the island and Imperial China. This consequently validates Chinese historical records of the area.

The Confederation of Madyaas (present day Ilo-Ilo)

The Confederation of Madya-as was a pre-Hispanic Philippine state within the Visayas islands region. It was established in the 13th century by rebel datus (chiefs), led by Datu Puti, who had fled from Rajah Makatunao of Borneo. The semi-democratic confederation reached its peak during the 15th century under the leadership of Datu Padojinog when it warred against the Chinese Empire, the Rajahnate of Butuan, and the sultanates of Sulu and Maguindanao. It was also feared by the people of the Kingdom of Maynila and Tondo.

It was integrated to the Spanish Empire through pacts and treaties (c.1569) by Miguel Lopez de Legaspi and his grandson Juan de Salcedo. During the time of their hispanization, the principalities of the Confederation were already developed settlements with distinct social structure, culture, customs, and religion.

The Rajahnate of Cebu


Rajahante of Cebu was a classical Philippine state which used to exist on Cebu island prior to the arrival of the Spanish. It was founded by Sri Lumay or Rajamuda Lumaya, a minor prince of the Chola dynasty which occupied Sumatra. He was sent by the maharajah to establish a base for expeditionary forces but he rebelled and established his own independent Rajahnate.

According to Visayan folklore, he descended from a native royal family who practiced Hinduism which ruled Cebu. Sri Lumay, was a Malay from Sumatra, who settled in the Visayas, and had several sons. One of his son was Sri Alho, who ruled a land known as Sialo which included the present-day towns of Carcar and Santander in the southern region of Cebu. Sri Ukob ruled a kingdom known as Nahalin in the north which included the present-day towns of Consolación, Liloan, Compostela, Danao, Carmen and Bantayan.

He died in battle, fighting with the tribal group known as magalos from Mindanao.The youngest of his sons was Sri Bantug who ruled a kingdom known as Singhapala, in a region which is now known as Cebu City, who died of disease and was succeeded by his son Sri Hamabar, also known as Rajah Humabon. Sri Bantug had a brother called Sri Parang, the limp, but could not govern his kingdom because of his infirmity. Parang handed his throne to his nephew Humabon and became the Rajah (king) of Cebu.

This Rajahnate was dissolved during the reign of Rajah Tupas by the forces of conquistador Miguel Lopez de Legaspi in the battle of Cebu during 1565.

The Kingdom of Butuan



The Kingdom of Butuan was an ancient Indianized kingdom in pre-colonial southern Philippines centered on the present Mindanao island city of Butuan. It was known for its mining of gold, its gold products and its extensive trade network across the Nusantara area. The kingdom had trading relationships with the ancient civilizations of Japan, China, India, Indonesia, Persia, Cambodia and areas now comprised in Thailand.

The balangay (large outrigger boats) that have been found along the east and west banks of the Libertad river have revealed much about Butuan's history. As a result Butuan is considered to have been a major trading port in the Caraga region during the pre-colonial era


Evidence indicates that Butuan was in contact with the Song dynasty of China by at least 1001 AD. The Chinese annal Song Shih recorded the first appearance of a Butuan tributary mission at the Chinese Imperial Court on March 17, 1001 AD and it described Butuan (P'u-tuan) as a small Hindu country with a Buddhist Monarchy in the sea that had a regular connection with the Champa kingdom and intermittent contact with China under the Rajah named KilingThe rajah sent an envoy under I-hsu-han, with a formal memorial requesting equal status in court protocol with the Champa envoy. The request was denied later by the Imperial court, mainly because of favoritism over Champa.A new ruler with the Indianized name Sri Bata Shaja later succeeded in attaining diplomatic equality with Champa by sending the flamboyant ambassador Likanhsieh.

Likanhsieh shocked the Emperor by presenting a memorial engraved on a gold tablet, some white dragon (Bailong 白龍) camphor, Moluccan cloves, and a South Sea slave at the eve of an important ceremonial state sacrifice.This display of irreverence sparked interests from China over the small Rajahnate and the diplomatic relations between the two states reached its peak during the Yuan Dynasty. Chinese records about the Rajahnate stopped after the reign of Rajah Siagu the last independent Rajah of Butuan. He was formally subjugated into the Spanish empire after he made a blood compact with Ferdinand Magellan in 1521.

The Kingdom of Tondo


Tondo, (also referred to as Tundo, Tundun, Tundok, Lusung) was a Philippine fortified kingdom which was located in the Manila Bay area, specifically north of the Pasig River, on Luzon island. It is one of the settlements mentioned by the Philippines' earliest historical record, the Laguna Copperplate Inscription.

Originally an Indianized kingdom in the 10th century, Tondo built upon and capitalized on being central to the long-existing ancient regional trading routes throughout the archipelago to include among others, initiating diplomatic and commercial ties with China during the Ming Dynasty. Thus it became an established force in trade throughout Southeast Asia and East Asia. (See Luções). Tondo's regional prominence further culminated during the period of its associated trade and alliance with Brunei's Sultan Bolkiah, when around 1500 A.D. it's peak age as a thalassocratic force in the northern archipelago was realized. When the Spanish first arrived in Tondo in 1570 and defeated the local rulers in the Manila Bay area in 1591, Tondo came under the administration of Manila (a Spanish fort built on the remains of Kota Seludong), ending its existence as an independent state. This subjugated Tondo continues to exist today as a district of the city of Manila.

Quote from: islander on July 20, 2012, 01:32:24 AM
other bizarre versions (though we have no way of knowing if these were according to her instructions or the offerings of bootlickers):


compared with eva peron


what, indeed, are the sash and medallions for?  royalty? 


boticelli, imelda version?

perhaps she thinks she was a descendent of legendary rajahs of leyte and samar.....

Hades


Hades is the brother of Zeus. After the overthow of their Father Cronus he drew lots with Zeus and Poseidon, another brother, for shares of the world. He had the worst draw and was made lord of the underworld, ruling over the dead. He is a greedy god who is greatly concerned with increasing his subjects. Those whose calling increase the number of dead are seen favorably. The Erinnyes are welcomed guests. He is exceedingly disinclined to allow any of his subjects leave.

He is also the god of wealth, due to the precious metals mined from the earth. He has a helmet that makes him invisable. He rarely leaves the underworld. He is unpitying and terrible, but not capricious. His wife is Persephone whom Hades abducted. He is the King of the dead but, death itself is another god, Thanatos.

Poseidon


Poseidon is the brother of Zeus. After the overthow of their Father Cronus he drew lots with Zeus and Hades, another brother, for shares of the world. His prize was to become lord of the sea. He was widely worshiped by seamen. He married Amphitrite, a granddaughter of the Titon Oceanus.

At one point he desired Demeter. To put him off Demeter asked him to make the most beautiful animal that the world had ever seen. So to impress her Poseidon created the first horse. In some accounts his first attempts were unsucessful and created a varity of other animals in his quest. By the time the horse was created his passion for Demeter had cooled.

His weapon is a trident, which can shake the earth, and shatter any object. He is second only to Zeus in power amongst the gods. He has a difficult quarrelsome personality. He was greedy. He had a series of disputes with other gods when he tried to take over their cities.

Zeus:

Zeus overthew his Father Cronus. He then drew lots with his brothers Poseidon and Hades. Zeus won the draw and became the supreme ruler of the gods. He is lord of the sky, the rain god. His weapon is a thunderbolt which he hurls at those who displease him. He is married to Hera but, is famous for his many affairs. He is also known to punish those that lie or break oaths.

The Olympians are a group of 12 gods who ruled after the overthow of the Titans. All the Olympians are related in some way. They are named after their dwelling place Mount Olympus.

Greek religion was a predominant form of early Paganism and as a result their religion reflected many central ideas and concepts of earlier forms of Paganism, such as Druidism, both ancient and Modern and Witchcraft and Wicca. It was polytheistic, consisting of the worship of many Gods. The Greeks believed that the Gods would offer protection and guide their city-states. This belief was identical to other earlier forms of Paganism.

Divinities were the most important element of Greek religion and much emphasis was placed on pleasing the Gods in order to live a life free of oppression and hardship. Like all Pagans, the Greeks believed that they had to worship and please the Gods in order to have good fortune. The Greeks participated in a number of rituals, rites, ceremonies and sacrifices in order to impress and placate the Gods. Temples, shrines and statues were erected as a designated place to offer sacrifices to the Gods. 

Greek religion was ritual based, practicing a flexible set of beliefs. It was unlike many modern religions, because it made no claims of universality, they did not proselytize, they did not participate in regular clergies, no hierarchical system, no sacred texts or moral code that is backed by religious beliefs. Scholars of the Renaissance believed that Greek religion simply consisted of an abundant treasury of legendary tales told by Greek authors. However Greek religion was not simply legendary tales and fictitious myths, it was a complex organization with each city-state containing its own divinities, which acted to cement the body of citizens into a true community. The Divine played an integral part in Greek religion and their society. The Divine entered all parts of Greek society, domestic affairs, civic organization, gender, agriculture and war. This belief is also reflected in many other earlier forms of Paganism. The Greeks attempted to please the Gods, fearing that they could upset them with insolence and impiety. The Greeks placed great importance on Twelve Pantheon Gods. They also worshipped other deities such as oracles, lesser divinities, demi Gods and Heroes.

http://library.thinkquest.org/28111/newpage2.htm

Let's talk about the gods of the Greek & Roman religions.

hmmm, na submerged diay ang statue sa ilang ginoo, si isis? wa diay power si isis ?

I actually told him that eating dog and cat is disgusting. Ingon siya nako, "It is an asian culture to eat dog meat." Yikes! I hope not.

I had a good friend in college, who was a foreign exchange student from Shanghai University, his name was Rong bin, who said that in China it was common to eat cat soup if someone had a stomach ache. He told me that dog meat is considered very expensive kono sa China. He said that the meat tasted very similar to sweetened lamb. The consistency is almost like lamb kono.

Kamusta nessie! That's honorable that you are your mother's private duty nurse. Its always good to be able to dispense your skills for loved ones and or friends who are in need. Welcome back to TB!

Perhaps, i might see you in the hospital someday.


Best,

Quote from: Lollapalooza on July 18, 2012, 10:11:04 AM
talagsa ra ko makadungog mogamit ana nga term "botboton" dire usually, "atikon" ang ilang term.. pero sa modernong panahon karon, mamotbot gani ka sa tawo, ingnon ka dayon ug "estoryahiiiiiii!!!" or "estoy" for short.. mao nay ginagamit karon sa kabataan...

Eh he he he he! mao nang favorite word ni bai hubag. "estoryaheeee" that and "kon maohon"

doesn't the word "botbot" mean to lie?

Quote from: bulak on July 18, 2012, 09:33:54 PM
Hello TB muduaw man ko panagsa dire pero dile lang ko mo post

Welcome back Bulak!

How are you doing ? It's been such a long time!

cute little blue van.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILKEjenGCU8#

Hazel,

I am finished with studies. Ikaw, how are you doing now? It seems that paspas ra man diay ang panahon noh?

Are you in Leyte?

Quote from: islander on July 18, 2012, 01:37:30 PM
happy birthday then to both of you, lola and lolorenz.

he he he, why thank you, isles!

the time is 8:16 am. just woke up from a much needed sleep. had been working for 16 hours straight yesterday. good morning to everyone. another day begins. duty, yet again, awaits.

i wish you all have a productive day.

Quote from: islander on July 18, 2012, 01:50:18 PM
the last time nibayad ko, kuwang ang ilang sinselyo ug 20 centavos.  akong gipaningil, tubagon lang kog "butal, e."  "aba, butal nga, but it's due me," tubag ko.  ang tonta lahi na mag estorya.  "ma'am, intsik ka ba?"  atot.  pahinumdoman pa gyod ko sa scarborough shoal.    

hmmmm, mao ba? laina pod na ilang question uy.

Quote from: islander on July 18, 2012, 01:35:21 PM
my badness.   the philippines should start operating like 'star wars'.  the ewoks won the battle.   

ha ha ha ha! Yes, they may have won the battle of endor, but remember that it was the Rebel fleet that attacked the Galactic Imperial fleet and destroyed the death star.

as small as the ewoks were, they were able to defeat the best of the emperor's legions. c'mon, who thought large logs could break / smash those AT/ST walkers eh?

gotta go back to work.

and isles. may the force be with you.

Hazel,

Welcome back to Tubag Bohol! How have you been na? It has been a long , long, time naman. Welcome back and know that you have been dearly missed.

Always,
Dr. Lorenzo Lucino
"Dodong"

reference:

http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2011hearings/transcripts/11_01_27_trans/thomas_testimony.pdf

China’s Recent Behavior




In 2010, China intensified its claims in the South China Sea. Beijing’s provocations and official statements over the past year have triggered widespread concerns not only about the South China Sea, but about China’s overall strategic direction, and called into question its self-proclaimed “peaceful rise.” China is expanding its efforts to establish a maritime sphere of influence in the South China Sea. Evidence of this is found in Beijing’s imposition of a unilateral fishing ban in April 2010 that encroached upon Vietnam’s territorial waters, and announcement of plans to expand its fleet of ships for maritime law enforcement. There has also been a spike in Chinese seizure, harassment, and detention of Vietnamese fishing boats.3 China has developed a naval doctrine of “Far Sea Defense” (yuanyang fangyu) for the projection of power far from its shores.4 Ominously, China last year declared almost the entire South China Sea to be a “core interest” (hexinliyi) â€" on par with Taiwan and Tibet â€" and an area over which it would exercise “indisputable sovereignty.”5

Strategic Implications

This Commission’s work is critical because the stakes in the South China Sea could not be higher. The South China Sea is a region of growing strategic interest for many countries in the world, including the United States. More than one-third of the world’s seaborne trade flows through its contested waters. Its  shorelines around the South China Sea and encompass the independence and sovereignty of the countries of Southeast Asia.

“The United States,” Secretary of State Hilary Clinton has declared, “like every nation, has a national interest in freedom of navigation, open access to Asia’s maritime commons, and respect for international law in the South China Sea.”
China’s Recent Behavior In the last year, however, China has made a series of provocative moves that, when coupled with the continuation of its arms buildup and development of naval power projection capabilities, have raised concerns throughout the region about its intentions and potential expansionist designs in the East and South China Seas. A brief overview of some of China’s statements and actions suggests the need for a more proactive U.S. approach in the region. China Sea are difficult to quantify, they are likely significant.

Quote from: Lollapalooza on July 18, 2012, 08:40:57 AM
nakahinumdum ko.. mag 3 years na man diay ko karong July 23 isip usa ka miyembro dire sa TB..

he he he! same day as my b-day.

Quote from: islander on July 18, 2012, 12:49:53 PM
i must admit it's reassuring on one hand.  on the other, i'm afraid we're just a pawn in the game of superpowers.  china's current behavior in the west philippine sea (south china sea to the rest of the world) is more like testing the waters of how the u.s. will react. 

chinese thinking could be something like "the u.s. exercises power in the atlantic and just about any other sea, and it is not even a signatory of the unclos.  so why not us in the immediate neighboring sea?"

oh, well, a bully who sides with us in the world's playground is much better than a bully who simply bullies and kicks us off our seesaw.

The United States is implementing a strategic shift by which by 2020, 60% of the US Navy will be situated in the Asia-Pacific. The United States is a maritine power, always has, and always will be. The West Philippine Sea (SCS) is of vital national interest for the United States because $5 TRILLION worth of American trade traverses these waters. The United States wants to make sure there is freedom of navigation in these waters. Chinese hegemony over this region is contrary to the interests of the United States.

The Philippines will benefit much from American military presence in the region; the United States has reiterated its commitment to help the Philippines modernize its armed forces and to help build a credible territorial defense system.

I believe the Chinese have grossly underestimated the American resolve to help the Philippines , that and also they have underestimated the level of cooperation between the two powers.

China's blatant aggressive posture has caused itself to be alienated by regional powers: Japan, S. Korea, Taiwan, Philippines, India, Vietnam, Singapore, Thailand and certain other ASEAN member states.

What ever happened to the Chinese claim of a 'peaceful' rise?

Admiral Locklear visited the Manila American Cemetery and Memorial to honor the American war dead who gave the ultimate sacrifice to liberate the Philippines from Imperial Japan in World War II.

The Manila American Cemetery and Memorial is located in Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City in Metro Manila, Philippines.

The cemetery, 152 acres (62 ha) or 615,000 square metres in area, is located on a prominent plateau, visible at a distance from the east, south and west. With a total of 17,206 graves, it is the largest cemetery in the Pacific for U.S. personnel killed during World War II, and also holds war dead from the Philippines and other allied nations. Many of the personnel whose remains are interred or represented were killed in New Guinea, or during the Battle of the Philippines (1941-42) or the Allied recapture of the islands. The headstones are made of marble which are aligned in eleven plots forming a generally circular pattern, set among masses of a wide variety of tropical trees and shrubbery.

On rectangular Trani limestone piers within the hemicycles are inscribed the names of 36,282 of the Missing who gave their lives in the service of America and who rest in unknown graves. Carved in the floors are the seals of the American states and its territories.

The Memorial is maintained by the American Battle Monuments Commission. It is the largest site administered by the Commission in the number of graves and of those Missing who names are recorded on the walls of the memorial.


reference: wiki

Admiral Locklear, Commander of the Pacific Command, meets with Aquino.
His presence reaffirms the strategic alliance between Washington and Manila.

Admiral Locklear talks with Sec. Albert Del Rosario

Admiral Locklear, Supreme Commander of United States Armed Forces Pacific Command, given a formal welcome.

Pacific Sunset

Quote from: chicogon on July 18, 2012, 12:18:05 PM


Courtesy of Lorenz

The former USCGS Dallas (a Hamilton-Class Missile Frigate). It was decomissioned and sold to the Philippine Navy under the name of the BRP Ramon Alcaraz.

US Navy's FA-18 Air superiority fighter during sunset fly by....   

Sunset on board a destroyer ship of the US Navy

He he he he, he is the supreme commander of the largest naval force in the world. All in all, some 6 aircraft carrier battle groups are under his command. 1 carrier battle group of the US Navy is strong enough to send the entire Chinese Navy to the bottom of the pacific ocean.


note: The US Navy operates 11 super aircraft carriers throughout the world's oceans. 6 of these belong to the Pacific Command.

The United States sold it for 10 million dollars.

bwahahaha! peace meyn!

Just finished a 17 paged medical report. Sakit'a ahoang kamot uy.

Typical Filipino attire

Cute !

Chilling chilling gid si inday... 

   

A rural road somewhere near Bacolod:

This is a classic Hiligaynon song that has been forever imprinted onto my heart.

Dandansoy, bayaan ta icao
Pauli aco sa Payao
Ugaling con icao hidlauon
Ang Payaw imo lang lantauon.

Dandansoy, con imo apason
Bisan tubig di magbalon
Ugaling con icao uhauon
Sa dalan magbobonbobon.    

  Convento, diin ang cura?
Municipio, diin justicia?
Yari si dansoy maqueja.
Maqueja sa paghigugma

Ang panyo mo cag panyo co
Dala diri cay tambijon co
Ugaling con magcasilo
Bana ta icao,asawa mo aco

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2AzCMgAlxyY#

Unsa man ni? Baranggay road to Payao?

he he he !

The newest ship to join the Philippine Navy, the BRP Ramon Alcaraz, formerly the USCGS Dallas, a Hamilton-Class Frigate serving in the United States Coast Guard. The Philippine Navy recently received its first Hamilton-Class in December of 2011 (BRP Gregorio Del Pilar), and the BRP Ramon Alcaraz are but two of the planned 8 USCG Cutters that are to join the Philippine Navy. The Philippine Navy plans to purchase and add surface to air, ship to ship missile defense systems platforms in these ships to boost its defense ability.

The United States is arming the Philippines in the attempt to help the Philippines, a former US colony, defend its territory against an encroaching China.

These women look like they could break some men.

Quote from: chicogon on July 17, 2012, 06:23:25 AM


Akong harvest ginagmay adtong Sabado - July 14. 2012 - pang sagol sa tinowa

Green harvest !

There are many Fleets that make up the US Pacific Command, two of the most prominent are the 5th and the 7th US Naval Fleets. It is the 7th US Naval Fleet that covers the Philippines and will protect the Philippines in case the Philippines is attacked by a military power.

How does the 7th Fleet Look Like?


a Carrier Battle Group of the 7th Fleet.

Admiral Locklear standing in attention with Philippine counterparts

What is the US Pacific Command?


The United States Pacific Command (USPACOM) is a Unified Combatant Command of the United States armed forces responsible for the Pacific Ocean area. It is led by the Commander, Pacific Command (CDRUSPACOM), who is the supreme military authority for the various branches of the Armed Forces of the United States serving within its area of responsibility (AOR).

It is the oldest and largest of the Unified Combatant Commands. It is based in Honolulu, Hawai'i on the island of O'ahu.

The main combat power of USPACOM is formed by U.S. Army Pacific, Marine Forces Pacific, U.S. Pacific Fleet, and Pacific Air Forces, all headquartered in Honolulu with component forces stationed throughout the region.