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What does a signal jammer look like?

Most signal jammers come with 4 antennas, but some models appear in various forms. Such devices vary in size.

In a press conference on Thursday, April 25, Interior Secretary Mar Roxas said most signal jammers require a power source through an outlet or even lighters in cars. Others need a battery to run.



REPORT JAMMERS. Comelec chair Sixto Brillantes Jr and Interior Secretary Mar Roxas show the public different models of signal jammers. Photo by Rappler/Naoki Mengua.


It is illegal to possess these signal jammers.

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How can signal jammers affect elections?

Signal jammers may delay the transmission of votes to the 3 main servers: the city or municipal board of canvassers server, the Comelec central server, and the transparency server, which is used by poll watchdogs and media groups.

The transmission of votes begins after the final ballot is cast, past 7 pm on election day.

On Thursday, Brillantes said jammers may delay the transmission by one or two days. “We expect in 48 hours, we will proclaim winners in local areas. But if jammers are used, they will be delayed and there may be doubts over the results.”

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What should the BEI do if transmission fails?

If, in the end, the BEI decides it is impossible to transmit results from their precinct, Brillantes said they should pull out the compact flash (CF) card from the PCOS machine. The CF card contains the election results.

Then, the BEI should bring the CF card to another precinct, to try to transmit results from that precinct's PCOS machine. Other personnel should accompany the BEI for security.

If transmission fails despite this, the BEI should transport the CF card straight to the city or municipal board of canvassers. (Watch more in the video below.)





Brillantes, however, said a hard copy of the election return (ER) should accompany the CF card if it is brought elsewhere. The BEI should have printed 30 copies of the ER in the original precinct.

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What is the penalty for possessing or using signal jammers?

The Automated Election System (AES) Law, as amended by Republic Act (RA) No. 9369, makes it an election offense to interfere with or impede the transmission of election results. Violators will spend from 8 to 12 years in prison, without parole. He or she will also lose the right to run for public office or even to vote.

Brillantes, a veteran election lawyer before joining the Comelec, said regular election offenses carry a penalty of up to 6 years. He said the electronic nature of using signal jammers "makes it aggravating."

The E-Commerce Law, or RA No. 8792, also penalizes the "unauthorized access into or interference in" an information and communication system. The minimum fine is P100,000, along with a mandatory imprisonment of 6 months to 6 years.

Using a signal jammer to delay transmission, then, carries with it a "double penalty" from the AES Law and the E-Commerce Law, according to Brillantes.

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