MikeLigalig.com

MORE THAN a year after President Rodrigo R. Duterte signed the Freedom of Information executive order, a practice completely reverse of the policy has been creeping onto some documents requested by the public. The likely tool for the unexpected move: a black marker.

Redactions on items declared by Cabinet officials in their Statements of Assets, Liabilities, and Net Worth (SALN) released by the Malacañang Records Office have recently been noted by media outfits requesting these as material for stories.

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Mocks FOI EO?

The practice – which can only be described as a deviation from the FOI EO’s push for transparency – is apparently new. Some Cabinet officials had filed SALNs earlier as of June 30, 2016, or upon assumption into office, and these came without any redactions. Neither do pre-2016 SALNs of the same individuals. Their December 2016, as well as of those more recently appointed to their current offices, bore significant redactions, however.

Among the 29 SALNs reviewed by PCIJ, there was a total of 167 redacted details, the entries replaced by long, black, and blotchy rectangles. Twenty-eight of the SALNs had the acquisition costs or amounts of personal properties blacked out while in 24 the exact locations of real properties were redacted; 23 SALNs had blacked-out acquisition costs of real properties as well.

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To determine which among the 29 officials had the most redactions, PCIJ decided to count the types of details redacted per Cabinet member instead of tallying the actual number of details blacked out. This was to minimize the risk of a skewed count, since the number of items declared by the officials varied widely. In all, the details could be grouped into 14 different categories. (See Table: A Tally of Redactions)

Andanar –- an early supporter of the FOI executive order –- emerged as having the most types of detail redacted on his SALN: 10, namely Filer’s Address; Spouse’s Office Address; Name, Date of Birth, and Age of Unmarried Minor Children; Description of Real Properties; Exact Location of Real Properties; Acquisition Costs of Real Properties; Acquisition Costs/Amounts of Personal Properties; Outstanding Balance of Liabilities; Business Address of Business Interests and Financial Connections; and ID No. of Filer and/or Spouse.

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5 to 9 redactions each

Two of his Cabinet colleagues – Justice Secretary Vitaliano Aguirre II and Health Secretary Paulyn Jean Ubial – meanwhile had nine types of detail redacted. These were blacked out in the SALNs of both Aguirre and Ubial: Filer’s Address; ID No. of Filer and/or Spouse; Acquisition Costs of Real Properties; Acquisition Costs/Amounts of Personal Properties; Exact Location of Real Properties; Outstanding Balance of Liabilities; and Spouse’s Office Address.

Redacted in Aguirre’s SALN as well were Business Address of Business Interests and Financial Connections and Description of Real Properties. In Ubial’s these were also blacked out: Name of Creditor and Name, Date of Birth, and Age of Unmarried Minor Children.

Eighteen or 60 percent of the SALNs reviewed each had between five and eight types of detail redacted. Agrarian Reform Secretary Rafael Mariano and Tourism Secretary Wanda Teo meanwhile had the least redactions on their SALNs: two each, the Filer’s Address and Amount of Personal Properties.

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Redactions in this batch were kept within a five-item list: Filer’s Address; Name, Date of Birth, and Age of Unmarried Minor Children; Exact Location of Real Properties; ID No. of Filer and/or Spouse; and Signature of Declarant and/or Spouse.

All 46 SALNs had redacted Filer’s Address and Signature of Declarant and/or Spouse. Blacking out of the declarant’s and their spouse’s signatures were made on all pages, as some filers signed each page of their SALN.

Seven out of the 46 SALNs have five redacted details, 28 or 60 percent of the total have four redacted details, and 11 have three redacted details.

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Tugade: Wrong SALN form

For one, Transportation Secretary Arthur Tugade used outdated SALN forms in his recent filings. For both his June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2016 SALN declarations, Tugade used the SALN form mandated by Civil Service Commission Resolution No. 1100902, promulgated on July 8, 2011.

CSC, however, declared through its Resolution No. 1500088, promulgated on Jan. 23, 2015, that a revised SALN form be used from then on.

The 2015 form, compared to the one used by Tugade, did not have the parts on “Amount and Sources of Gross Income,” “Amount of Personal and Family Expenses,” and “Amount of Income Taxes Paid.”

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Former National Irrigation Administration (NIA) chief Peter Laviña also failed to indicate his post as of December 31, 2016 when he filed a joint SALN with his wife for the end of 2016. The Laviñas filed their December 2016 SALN on April 26, 2017, or almost two months after Peter Laviña resigned from NIA.

There was also Energy Secretary Alfonso Cusi, who erroneously dated his December 2016 SALN as “December 1, 2016” instead of “December 31, 2016.” Cusi started his stint as secretary in July 2016, according to the Department of Energy website. — With research by Malou Mangahas, Steffi Sanchez, and John Reiner Antiquerra, PCIJ, September 2017

http://pcij.org/

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