Author Topic: The Second Sino-Japanese War (July 7, 1937 â€“ September 2, 1945) (Read 13202 times)

hubag bohol · « **on:** March 17, 2012, 04:12:09 PM »

The Japanese are a disease of the skin; the communists are a disease of the heart. --Chiang Kai-shek

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #1 on:** March 18, 2012, 12:12:11 AM »

The Japanese were ruthless and cruel. They massacred millions of Chinese in their war. Not to mention, the rape and killings of many innocent Filipinos.

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hubag bohol · « **Reply #2 on:** March 18, 2012, 03:38:03 PM »

The Second Sino-Japanese War (July 7, 1937 â€“ September 2, 1945) was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. From 1937 to 1941, China fought Japan with some economic help from Germany (see Sino-German cooperation), the Soviet Union (1937â€“1940) and the United States (see American Volunteer Group). After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor (1941), the war merged into the greater conflict of World War II as a major front of what is broadly known as the Pacific War. The Second Sino-Japanese War was the largest Asian war in the 20th century. It also made up more than 50% of the casualties in the Pacific War if the 1937â€“1941 period is taken into account.

Although the two countries had fought intermittently since 1931, total war started in earnest in 1937 and ended only with the surrender of Japan in 1945. The war was the result of a decades-long Japanese imperialist policy aiming to dominate China politically and militarily and to secure its vast raw material reserves and other economic resources, particularly food and labour. Before 1937, China and Japan fought in small, localized engagements, so-called "incidents". In 1931, the Japanese invasion of Manchuria by Japan's Kwantung Army followed the Mukden Incident. The last of these incidents was the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of 1937, marking the beginning of total war between the two countries.

Initially the Japanese scored major victories in Shanghai and by the end of 1937 captured the Chinese capital of Nanking. After failing to stop the Japanese in Wuhan, the Chinese central government moved to Chungking in the Chinese interior. By 1939 the war had reached stalemate after Chinese victories in Changsha and Guangxi. The Japanese were also unable to defeat the Chinese communists forces in Shaanxi, which performed harassment and sabotage operations against the Japanese. On the 7th of December 1941 the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor and the following day (December 8 ) the United States declared war on Japan. Japan surrendered in 1945. --Wiki

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hubag bohol · « **Reply #3 on:** March 18, 2012, 04:18:33 PM »

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/WW2_Documentary_%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%B0%E7%B4%80%E9%8C%84%E7%89%87Part_1_of_7.ogg
The beginning of the war.

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #4 on:** March 18, 2012, 10:59:17 PM »

The Second Sino-Japanese War (July 7, 1937 â€“ September 2, 1945) was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. From 1937 to 1941, China fought Japan with some economic help from Germany (see Sino-German cooperation), the Soviet Union (1937â€“1940) and the United States (see American Volunteer Group). After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor (1941), the war merged into the greater conflict of World War II as a major front of what is broadly known as the Pacific War. The Second Sino-Japanese War was the largest Asian war in the 20th century. It also made up more than 50% of the casualties in the Pacific War if the 1937â€“1941 period is taken into account.

Although the two countries had fought intermittently since 1931, total war started in earnest in 1937 and ended only with the surrender of Japan in 1945. The war was the result of a decades-long Japanese imperialist policy aiming to dominate China politically and militarily and to secure its vast raw material reserves and other economic resources, particularly food and labour. Before 1937, China and Japan fought in small, localized engagements, so-called "incidents". In 1931, the Japanese invasion of Manchuria by Japan's Kwantung Army followed the Mukden Incident. The last of these incidents was the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of 1937, marking the beginning of total war between the two countries.

Initially the Japanese scored major victories in Shanghai and by the end of 1937 captured the Chinese capital of Nanking. After failing to stop the Japanese in Wuhan, the Chinese central government moved to Chungking in the Chinese interior. By 1939 the war had reached stalemate after Chinese victories in Changsha and Guangxi. The Japanese were also unable to defeat the Chinese communists forces in Shaanxi, which performed harassment and sabotage operations against the Japanese. On the 7th of December 1941 the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor and the following day (December 8 ) the United States declared war on Japan. Japan surrendered in 1945. --Wiki

This is so brutal. This is a sore point in history for many Chinese. So many peopled died in this war; millions upon millions of Chinese died for nothing.

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #5 on:** March 18, 2012, 11:08:57 PM »

Before, Japan, like the European Imperialists, used to take advantage of China by setting up many "Spheres of Influence" Zones in China, relegating the old Chinese Empire into a defenseless market; used and monopolized by the west. As so many of Asia's civilizations, was influenced and under the thumb of western and Japanese imperialist dreams.

Now, with China spending over 106 Billion Dollars on National Defense and becoming a rising superpower, the only power to contest the hegemoneity of the United States, China has regained some of her preeminence again.

Now, it is Japan who is scared. Without America's backing and nuclear umbrella, there would be no way Japan could survive a war with China now in the present. China would swallow Japan.

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #6 on:** March 18, 2012, 11:15:56 PM »

These Japanese are nothing but copycats and clones. Even their culture, which they call as "Japanese Indigenous" was established by Chinese culture. The Chinese Confucianism was transported to Japan by Chinese scholar elites in the past, the Japanese "tea ceremony" was introduced to the uncivilized Japanese tribes by Chinese traders. Even the Japanese utensils (chop stick), bowls and china ware was introduced to the Japanese by ancient Chinese traders. The entire East Asian region (Japan, Koreas, parts of Mongolia, parts of Vietnam) were heavily inundated with Chinese culture.

The Japanese writing system (Hana and Kanji) copies the foundation of the far more complex Chinese Calligraphical System (which contains up to 6,000 characters).

Japanese act racist towards Chinese in Japan and call them with negative words. Foolish. Don't these Japanese know that they owe their civilization and their culture to the blending of these Chinese people? and Ancient Chinese Culture.

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #7 on:** March 19, 2012, 12:15:34 AM »

The savagry of the Japanese....

Innocent chinese babies lie dead because of the Japanese barbarous attrocities

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #8 on:** March 19, 2012, 12:16:30 AM »

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #9 on:** March 19, 2012, 12:17:28 AM »

Barbarous people...

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #10 on:** March 19, 2012, 12:18:06 AM »

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islander · « **Reply #11 on:** March 19, 2012, 01:32:58 AM »

Bloody Saturday

Famous photograph of a crying baby amid the bombed-out ruins
of Shanghai's South Railway Station, Saturday, August 28, 1937

Bloody Saturday is the name of a black-and-white photograph that was published widely in Septemberâ€“October 1937 and in less than a month had been seen by more than 136 million viewers. Depicting a Chinese baby crying within the bombed-out ruins of Shanghai South Railway Station, the photograph became known as a cultural icon demonstrating Japanese wartime atrocities in China. Taken a few minutes after a Japanese air attack on civilians during the Battle of Shanghai, Hearst Corporation photographer H.S. "Newsreel" Wong, also known as Wong Hai-Sheng or Wang Xiaoting, did not discover the identity or even the sex of the injured child, whose mother lay dead nearby. (wikipedia)

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islander · « **Reply #12 on:** March 19, 2012, 01:34:57 AM »

One of the most memorable war photographs ever published, and perhaps the most famous newsreel scene of the 1930s, the image stimulated an outpouring of Western anger against Japanese violence in China. Journalist Harold Isaacs called the iconic image "one of the most successful 'propaganda' pieces of all time". (wikipedia)

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islander · « **Reply #13 on:** March 19, 2012, 01:40:34 AM »

During the Battle of Shanghai, part of the Second Sino-Japanese War, Japanese military forces advanced upon and attacked Shanghai, China's most populous city. Wong and other newsreel men, such as Harrison Forman and George Krainukov, captured many images of the fighting, including the gruesome aftermath of an aerial bombing made by three Chinese aircraft against two prominent hotels on Nanking Road on Saturday, August 14, 1937, called "Bloody Saturday". (wikipedia)

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islander · « **Reply #14 on:** March 19, 2012, 01:45:05 AM »

During the Battle of Shanghai, part of the Second Sino-Japanese War, Japanese military forces advanced upon and attacked Shanghai, China's most populous city. Wong and other newsreel men, such as Harrison Forman and George Krainukov, captured many images of the fighting, including the gruesome aftermath of an aerial bombing made by three Chinese aircraft against two prominent hotels on Nanking Road on Saturday, August 14, 1937, called "Bloody Saturday". (wikipedia)

just wondering if this is some typographical error of wikipedia. three chinese aircraft bombing their own nanking road?

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #15 on:** March 19, 2012, 01:46:35 AM »

Thank You, Isles, for that added information. I learned something new today.

Side Note: Back in 1998, I had a long conversation with my Lola Babing (my grandmother's younger sister) about her experience with the war in the Philippines (The Pacific War). When the Japanese invaded Bohol, Philippines, a large envoy came to Valencia in 1942 and took control of the municipal government. There was a large Japanese post in the interior of Valencia, one of the reasons for this was because of the active guerilla activity in the interior of Bohol. A great many Valencianhons took part in this resistance. My own grandmother, Fortunata Tan, was active in the war she fought with Filipino guerillas against the Japanese.

My Lola Babing told me that in 1942, our family escaped to the bukid in Valencia, past the mountains of Barangay Manga. All the way up into the interior. Lola Babing told me that her father, Mariano Tan (who is my great-grandfather), urged the family to leave sawang for the mountains. He knew of the massacre of the Chinese by the Japanese because my great-grandfather was in open communication with many of his relatives in Guangzhou, CHina. Daghan jamo gipatay sa Hapon didto.

Lolo Mariano knew that the Japanese were very brutal and racist towards the Chinese. So that is the reason he uprooted his kids and his wife from Sawang, Valencia to the Bukid area. My grandmother was very hard headed, and instead of staying in the mountains with the rest of the family during wartime, she joined the guerilla resistance. When Lola died in 1998 she was given full military honors as a WW2 Veteran.

In many ways, I'm sure Lolo Mariano was proud of his daughter for fighting the Hapons. I was told kono that a lot of our relatives were lost when the Hapons invaded southern China. They basically ransacked southern China. Guangzhou Province was a hard hit target.

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #16 on:** March 19, 2012, 01:49:35 AM »

just wondering if this is some typographical error of wikipedia. three chinese aircraft bombing their own nanking road?

Probably a typo error. At that time, China had no air force and what little air force she did have was wiped out by Imperial Japanese Air Force. During 1942, American Air Force fought for Chinese Nationalist Government.

The Sino-Japanese War of 1930's was an unfair war. The Japanese had total air and naval domination. China was unprepared for that war. At that time, China was being colonized by western powers and the internal struggles. China was rich in resources, and weak in government, and weak in national defense. She was a perfect target for a parasitic Japan.

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islander · « **Reply #17 on:** March 19, 2012, 01:52:12 AM »

the photographer's (h.s. wong) account of the bombing's aftermath:

"It was a horrible sight. People were still trying to get up. Dead and injured lay strewn across the tracks and platform. Limbs lay all over the place. Only my work helped me forget what I was seeing. I stopped to reload my camera. I noticed that my shoes were soaked with blood. I walked across the railway tracks, and made many long scenes with the burning overhead bridge in the background. Then I saw a man pick up a baby from the tracks and carry him to the platform. He went back to get another badly injured child. The mother lay dead on the tracks. As I filmed this tragedy, I heard the sound of planes returning. Quickly, I shot my remaining few feet [of film] on the baby. I ran toward the child, intending to carry him to safety, but the father returned. The bombers passed overhead. No bombs were dropped." (wikipedia)

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #18 on:** March 19, 2012, 01:55:06 AM »

the photographer's (h.s. wong) account of the bombing's aftermath:

"It was a horrible sight. People were still trying to get up. Dead and injured lay strewn across the tracks and platform. Limbs lay all over the place. Only my work helped me forget what I was seeing. I stopped to reload my camera. I noticed that my shoes were soaked with blood. I walked across the railway tracks, and made many long scenes with the burning overhead bridge in the background. Then I saw a man pick up a baby from the tracks and carry him to the platform. He went back to get another badly injured child. The mother lay dead on the tracks. As I filmed this tragedy, I heard the sound of planes returning. Quickly, I shot my remaining few feet [of film] on the baby. I ran toward the child, intending to carry him to safety, but the father returned. The bombers passed overhead. No bombs were dropped." (wikipedia)

Reading this makes me so angry! Damn the Japanese for their brutality!

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #19 on:** March 19, 2012, 01:59:17 AM »

And the Japanese make a big deal on the American Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Death and killing is wrong , period. However, the Japanese should also take note to how many people they killed in their senseless war in the pacific. Untold Millions of Chinese died. In the Philippines, their dumb fighting and stubborness to surrender resulted in the destruction of Manila City, which was once known as the "Pearl of the Orient."

They killed thousands of Filipinos, tortured thousands, raped thousands. Their war on our country retarded the Philippines and affected an entire generation. For What? For Imperial Grandeur?

They said they came to "Liberate" the Philippines from American Colonization. Yet they replaced one colonizer for another. Only theirs was brutal as well.
Have they even repaid us for this?

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #20 on:** March 19, 2012, 03:22:42 AM »

During the Battle of Shanghai, part of the Second Sino-Japanese War, Japanese military forces advanced upon and attacked Shanghai, China's most populous city. Wong and other newsreel men, such as Harrison Forman and George Krainukov, captured many images of the fighting, including the gruesome aftermath of an aerial bombing made by three Chinese aircraft against two prominent hotels on Nanking Road on Saturday, August 14, 1937, called "Bloody Saturday". (wikipedia)

Hypocritical pieces of sh1t! These Japanese claim to have a lot of honor by hurling themselves onto allied forces in their radical kamikaze attacks and banzai charges (they claim that the Code of Bushido prefers an honorable death than surrender). Yawah! Yet they implemented UNHONORABLE acts towards civilians. How is carpet bombing civilian populations in Shanghai, Nanking, HongKong, Chonqing, etc etc an act of honor?

As if the Chinese life is worth less than a Japanese life.

What did China ever do to Japan to warrant such aggressive action? The temerity and audacity of the Japanese, to think that they, nothing but an offshoot copycat of Chinese culture, could invade and conquor all of China? Unrealistic dreams of grandeur..that lead to their nuclear and unconditional surrender.

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #21 on:** March 19, 2012, 03:32:53 AM »

Mga bu-ang hapon, nag praktis praktis sa ilang katana sa luoy kaayong Insik Tawo

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #22 on:** March 19, 2012, 03:34:14 AM »

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #23 on:** March 19, 2012, 03:35:33 AM »

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #24 on:** March 19, 2012, 03:36:41 AM »

What did these innocent Chinese people do to deserve this? To be exterminated like this as if they are subhuman.

These pictures really make me angry and disgusted.

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Lorenzo · « **Reply #25 on:** March 19, 2012, 03:40:00 AM »

Chinese civilians surrendering before they were all systematically executed by firing squad...

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islander · « **Reply #26 on:** March 19, 2012, 09:11:22 AM »

war is never kind. details of the balangiga massacre and the cruelty of the americans on filipinos are just as horrid. but that should be in another thread, and i guess it is already in another thread here at tb, though not as detailed as this nor as graphic.

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islander · « **Reply #27 on:** March 19, 2012, 09:18:05 AM »

more about the iconic war photo's photographer...

Wong never discovered the name of the burned and crying baby, whether it was a boy or a girl, or whether it survived. The next morning, he took the film from his Leica camera to the offices of China Press, where he showed enlargements to Malcolm Rosholt, saying, "Look at this one!" Wong later wrote that the next morning's newspapers reported that some 1,800 people, mostly women and children, had been waiting at the railway station, and that the IJN aviators had likely mistaken them for a troop movement. The Shanghai papers said that fewer than 300 people survived the attack. On October, Life magazine reported about 200 dead. (wikipedia)

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islander · « **Reply #28 on:** March 19, 2012, 09:22:04 AM »

Publication

Wong sent the newsreel footage on a U.S. Navy ship to Manila and from there, the film was flown to New York City aboard a Pan American World Airways airliner. Beginning in mid-September 1937, the newsreel was shown to movie theater audiences, estimated a month later to number 50 million people in the U.S. and 30 million outside of the U.S. and the still image of the crying baby was printed in Hearst Corporation newspapers and affiliates, some 25 million copies. A further 1.75 million non-Hearst newspaper copies showed the image in the U.S., and 4 million more people saw it as a matte reproduction in other newspapers. Some 25 million people saw it internationally. It first appeared in Life magazine on October 4, 1937, at which point it was estimated that 136 million people had seen it. On the facing page in Life magazine, another photograph showed the baby on a stretcher receiving medical care. (wikipedia)

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islander · « **Reply #29 on:** March 19, 2012, 09:23:34 AM »

Wong sent the newsreel footage on a U.S. Navy ship to Manila and from there, the film was flown to New York City aboard a Pan American World Airways airliner.

nakahapit pa diay ug manila ang photo... from manila to the world diay to.

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islander · « **Reply #30 on:** March 19, 2012, 09:37:13 AM »

The baby on a stretcher, receiving first aid

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islander · « **Reply #31 on:** March 19, 2012, 09:54:15 AM »

Reaction

The "unforgettable" image became one of the most influential photos to stir up anti-Japanese feeling in the United States. A "tidal wave of sympathy" poured out from America to China, and the image was widely reproduced to elicit donations for Chinese relief efforts. Catalyzed by the image, the U.S., the United Kingdom and France protested Japanese bombing of Chinese civilians in open cities. Senator George W. Norris was influenced by the image, being convinced to abandon his longtime stance of isolationism and non-interventionismâ€”he railed against the Japanese as "disgraceful, ignoble, barbarous, and cruel, even beyond the power of language to describe." Americans used terms such as "butchers" and "murderers" against the Japanese. Subsequent to Shanghai's surrender, IJN Admiral KÅichi Shiozawa said to a reporter from The New York Times at a cocktail party: "I see your American newspapers have nicknamed me the Babykiller."

The image was voted by Life readers as one of ten "Pictures of the Year" for 1937. In 1944, Wong's newsreel sequence was used within the Frank Capra film The Battle of China. (wikipedia)

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islander · « **Reply #32 on:** March 19, 2012, 10:02:06 AM »

now let's hear it from the other side...

Allegations of falsehood

At the time, Japanese nationalists called the photograph a fake, and the Japanese government put a bounty of $50,000 on Wong's head: an amount equivalent to $810,000 in 2012. Wong was known to be against the Japanese invasion of China and to have leftist political sympathies, and he worked for William Randolph Hearst who was famous for saying to his newsmen, "You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war" in relation to the Spanishâ€“American War. (wikipedia)

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islander · « **Reply #33 on:** March 19, 2012, 10:03:48 AM »

Another of Wong's photos appeared in Look magazine on December 21, 1937, showing a man bent over a child of perhaps five years of age, both near the crying baby. The man was alleged to be Wong's assistant Taguchi who was arranging the children for best photographic effect. An article in The Japan Times and Mail said the man was a rescue worker who was posing the baby and the boy for the photographer. Wong described the man as the baby's father, coming to rescue his children as the Japanese aircraft returned following the bombing. Japanese propagandists drew a connection between what they claimed was a falsified image and the general news accounts by U.S. and Chinese sources reporting on the fighting in Shanghai, with the aim of discrediting all reports of Japanese atrocities. (wikipedia)

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islander · « **Reply #34 on:** March 19, 2012, 10:06:34 AM »

Another of Wong's Shanghai baby photographs was published by Look magazine in December 1937.

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islander · « **Reply #35 on:** March 19, 2012, 10:08:19 AM »

In 1956, Look magazine's Arthur Rothstein supported his earlier opinion that Wong borrowed the baby and staged the photograph. In 1975, Life magazine featured the famous photo in a picture book, and wrote in the caption, "It has been said that this is staged, but it is evident from various points that this is no more than a fabricated rumour." (wikipedia)

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islander · « **Reply #36 on:** March 19, 2012, 10:11:03 AM »

In 1999, the nationalist "Association for Advancement of Unbiased View of History", a group founded by Professor Fujioka Nobukatsu of Tokyo University, published an article entitled "Manipulation of Documentary Photos in China: Fanning Flames of Hate in the USA" in which Nobukatsu and ShÅ«dÅ Higashinakano argue that the photograph shows a man setting first one then two children on the railroad tracks for the purpose of making a "pitiable sight" for American viewers, to ready American citizens for war against Japan. (wikipedia)

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islander · « **Reply #37 on:** March 19, 2012, 10:13:57 AM »

The Japanese professors argue that Wong added smoke to make the image more dramatic, but Rosholt wrote that the train station was still smoking when Wong arrived. The Japanese nationalists do not say that the bombing did not happen, nor that Chinese civilians were not killed and wounded, but the presentation of the photograph as a fake allows for the easy interpretation that there are further falsehoods in the historical record. In the article, Nobukatsu and Higashinakano do not mention the additional Wong photo published in Life magazine which shows the baby crying on a medical stretcher as it is given first aid by a Chinese Boy Scout. (wikipedia)

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islander · « **Reply #38 on:** March 19, 2012, 10:16:03 AM »

as for the photographer...

Wong filmed more newsreels covering Japanese attacks in China, including the Battle of Xuzhou in May 1938 and aerial bombings in Guangzhou in June. He operated under British protection, but continued death threats from Japanese nationalists drove him to leave Shanghai with his family and to relocate to Hong Kong. (wikipedia)

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hubag bohol · « **Reply #39 on:** March 19, 2012, 10:33:55 AM »

The Nanking Massacre or Nanjing Massacre, also known as the Rape of Nanking, was a mass murder, and war rape that occurred during the six-week period following the Japanese capture of the city of Nanjing (Nanking), the former capital of the Republic of China, on December 13, 1937 during the Second Sino-Japanese War. During this period hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians and disarmed soldiers were murdered by soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Army. Widespread rape and looting also occurred. Historians and witnesses have estimated that 250,000 to 300,000 people were killed. Several of the key perpetrators of the atrocities, at the time labelled as war crimes, were later tried and found guilty at the Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal, and were subsequently executed. Another key perpetrator, Prince Asaka, a member of the Imperial Family, escaped prosecution by having earlier been granted immunity by the Allies. --Wiki

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