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Author Topic: Philip Vera Cruz (1904-1994), Filipino American labor leader  (Read 2133 times)

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Philip Vera Cruz (1904-1994), Filipino American labor leader
« on: September 03, 2011, 08:35:10 PM »
Philip Vera Cruz (December 25, 1904 – June 12, 1994) was a Filipino American labor leader, farmworker, and leader in the Asian American civil rights movement. He was a co-founder of the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee, which later merged with the National Farm Workers Association to become the United Farm Workers. As the union's long-time vice president, he worked to improve the working conditions for migrant workers.

Vera Cruz was born in Saoag, Ilocos Sur, the Philippines on December 25, 1904. As he grew older, he undertook some farm work there, which he described as much easier than the work he would do in California. In 1926, Vera Cruz moved to the United States, where he performed a wide variety of jobs, including working in an Alaskan cannery, a restaurant, and a box factory. He was briefly a member of the Industrial Workers of the World.



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Re: Philip Vera Cruz (1904-1994), Filipino American labor leader
« Reply #1 on: September 03, 2011, 08:35:54 PM »
Vera Cruz eventually settled in California, where he became a farmworker. He joined the AFL-CIO-affiliated union, the National Farm Labor Union, in the 1950s. His union local, based in Delano, California, had an Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC). The prime focus of AWOC was to add members to the National Farm Labor Union. AWOC was composed primarily of Filipino American farmworker organizers, although it did hire Dolores Huerta. Huerta eventually quit the AWOC to join the National Farm Workers of America, which had a primarily Mexican American membership.

Philip Vera Cruz, a former UFW Vice President, described the start of the great Delano grape strike. "On September 8, 1965, at the Filipino Hall at 1457 Glenwood St. in Delano, the Filipino members of AWOC held a mass meeting to discuss and decide whether to strike or to accept the reduced wages proposed by the growers. The decision was 'to strike" and it became one of the most significant and famous decisions ever made in the entire history of the farmworkers struggles in California. It was like an incendiary bomb, exploding out the strike message to the workers in the vineyards, telling them to have sit-ins in the labor camps, and set up picket lines at every grower's ranch… It was this strike that eventually made the UFW, the farmworkers movement, and Cesar Chavez famous worldwide."

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Re: Philip Vera Cruz (1904-1994), Filipino American labor leader
« Reply #2 on: September 03, 2011, 08:40:59 PM »
On September 8, 1965, the Delano local voted to strike against the grape growers. Following the strike call, the growers attempted to bring in Mexican American workers, some of whom were affiliated with the National Farm Workers of America. Cesar Chavez, Dolores Huerta, and other leaders of the National Farm Workers of America met with several National Farm Labor Union organizers, including Vera Cruz, Larry Itliong, Benjamin Gines and Pete Velasco. Together, they decided that both unions would strike against the grape growers, an action which eventually led to both unions joining to become the United Farm Workers. The new union debuted in August 1966, and continued the strike into 1970.

In the new union, Vera Cruz served as second vice president and on the managing board.

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Re: Philip Vera Cruz (1904-1994), Filipino American labor leader
« Reply #3 on: September 03, 2011, 08:43:02 PM »

Mural depicting Philip Vera Cruz and Larry Itliong in Los Angeles, California


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Re: Philip Vera Cruz (1904-1994), Filipino American labor leader
« Reply #4 on: September 03, 2011, 08:50:18 PM »
Vera Cruz resigned from the UFW in 1977. That year, Cesar Chavez traveled to the Philippines to meet with Ferdinand Marcos, who Vera Cruz saw as a brutal dictator.  Vera Cruz continued to live in the San Joaquin Valley of California after his resignation, and remained active in union and social justice issues for the rest of his life.[7] Vera Cruz received the Ninoy M. Aquino Award in 1987, traveling to the Philippines for the first time in fifty years to accept it.  In 1992, the AFL-CIO's Asia Pacific American Labor Committee honored Vera Cruz at its founding convention. He died at the age of 89 in 1994, in Bakersfield, California. --Wiki

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Re: Philip Vera Cruz (1904-1994), Filipino American labor leader
« Reply #5 on: September 03, 2011, 08:51:54 PM »
Philip Vera Cruz, 89; Helped to Found Farm Worker Union
By RICHARD D. LYONS
Published: June 16, 1994

Philip Vera Cruz, who helped found the United Farm Workers union, died on Saturday at Mercy Hospital in Bakersfield, Calif., his hometown. He was 89.

The cause was emphysema, said his wife, Deborah Vollmer.

Born in Ilocos Sur, the Philippines, Mr. Vera Cruz came to the United States in 1926 and for the next 30 years worked at menial jobs on farms and in canneries and restaurants in Minnesota and Washington State. For a year, he attended Gonzaga University in Spokane, Wash.

In the 1950's, he moved to California and helped bring together small groups of Filipino farm workers. That led to the formation in the 1960's of the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee, composed mainly of Filipinos, which engaged in a series of strikes in the California towns of Coachella and Delano.

With the success of these strikes, the Filipino faction in 1965 joined with agricultural workers of other ethnic groups, largely Mexican, to form the United Farm Workers, under the direction of Cesar Chavez. The union soon began a decade of strikes and other labor actions in its efforts to gain recognition and better salaries and working conditions.

Mr. Vera Cruz resigned his post as second vice president of the union in 1977 because of differences with Mr. Chavez. Chief among them was Mr. Vera Cruz's belief that Mr. Chavez had become an apologist for Ferdinand Marcos, then President of the Philippines.

In 1988, long after his retirement, Mr. Vera Cruz visited Manila, where President Corazon Aquino gave him an award for long service to Filipinos in the United States.

In addition to his wife, Mr. Vera Cruz is survived by a brother, Judge Martin Vera Cruz of Pagadian, the Philippines, and a sister, Leonor Retota of Vallejo, Calif. -- http://www.nytimes.com/

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Re: Philip Vera Cruz (1904-1994), Filipino American labor leader
« Reply #6 on: September 03, 2011, 08:58:37 PM »
Philip's critique of Chavez's authoritarian style is nothing new, as Frank Bardache (1993), Rodolfo Acuna (1988), and others have elaborated on this on various occasions. Qualified by profuse praise of Chavez's charismatic stature and his self-sacrificing devotion to the welfare of the farm workers, Philip's objection to Chavez's top-down management was long suppressed for the sake of the public image of UFW unity. However, the struggle for popular democracy in the Philippines and in the U.S. pre-empted Philip's devotion to UFW bureaucracy. It was only when Chavez embraced the brutal Marcos dictatorship in the Philippines, and invited the fascist labor minister Blas Ople to speak to the UFW rank and file in the August 1977 Convention, while muzzling his own vice-president Philip, that Philip could no longer restrain himself. 

This crisis is significant for configuring Philip's narrative because it ushered the rupture, the ethical choice, that defined his character from idem-sameness to ipse-selfhood: his opposition to the authoritarian rule of Ferdinand Marcos in the Philippines coincided with a national upsurge of radicalism among Filipino-Americans, in particular the second or third-generation youth, who were mobilized in the late sixties and seventies by the civil-rights and anti-war campaigns. This is the youth that he appeals to at the end, his audience, his hope for a new future. No such turning-point can be found in the early stages of Philip's life that equals this episode in intensity and resonance. Patient and forgiving, self-effacing to the point of seeming to be fatalistic or indifferent, Philip finally disrupted postcolonial inertia and connected his present with other moments in his life when he rebelled, contradicted abusive authority, and tried to help sustain a community of honest, dignified, morally capable citizens of equal status.

In the section of his autobiography, "The movement must go beyond its leaders," Philip opposed the irrational cult of a leader and the suppression of criticism which deprived union members of "their right to reason for themselves." Capability for moral choice needs to be actualized by democratic public institutions such as unions, etc. Notwithstanding the praise of Chavez by Peter Mathiessen, the biographers Richard Griswold del Castillo, Jacques Levy, Joan London, John Gregory Dunne, and others, Philip's reservation may be explained by his identification with the plight of his compatriot Larry Itliong who initiated the Delano grape strike and had never really been credited for his part in this historic event. Philip regretted not having been closer to Larry whose self-contradictions, tied to the apathy and suspicion of his ethnic group, limited his efficacy. Responding to those who wanted to preserve the mythical aura of Chavez and the movement, Philip writes: "For me, we need the truth more than we need heroes" (2000, 91). He has broken from the circumscribed locus of family and ethnic kinship; defamiliarized, he joins a larger family of citizens united by the solidarity of civic cooperation and the humanizing telos of  transformative political praxis.

Truth, in Philip's eyes, concerned principles, not personalities. Although he resigned from the union after he publicly distanced himself from Chavez's support of the Marcos dictatorship, Philip remained supportive of the UFW and the entire unionizing movement. Although he bewailed the fact that he sacrificed too much in his struggle to survive (a duty to support his family in the Philippines) and maintain his dignity as a Filipino assisting his community and fighting for workers' rights, Philip was never bitter or cynical. He affirmed an internationalism that transcended the narrow parochial claims of ethnicity, racial affiliation, and nationality: "I respect the differences between people through their cultures, and I think all efforts, energies, and money should be concentrated to serving the people instead of making profits for a select group or country here and there."  -- E. SAN JUAN, JR.

More at: http://www.bulatlat.com/news/5-29/5-29-veracruz.htm

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