by PNA
On November 13, 1936, the Institute of National Language or "Surian ng Wikang Pambansa" was created to select which of the native Philippine languages would be used as the basis for the national language.
In 1937, the Institute, under its first director, Jaime de Veyra, recommended that Tagalog be adopted as the national language based on the following factors:
--Tagalog is widely spoken and is the language most understood in all the regions of the Philippines;
--It is not divided into smaller, separate languages as Visayan is;
--Its literary tradition is the richest and the most developed and extensive (mirroring that of the Tuscan dialect of Italy);
--More books are written in Tagalog than in any other autochthonous Philippine language;
--Tagalog has always been the language of Manila -- the political and economic capital of the Philippines under both Spanish and American rulers;
--It is also the language of the Revolution and the Katipunan -- two very important incidents in Philippine history.
Hence, in 1940, the Institute published an official grammar and dictionary, the Balarila ng Wikang Pambansa (Grammar of the National Language), written by Lope K. Santos, and the Tagalog-English Vocabulary.
The first known book to be written in Tagalog was the Doctrina Cristiana (Christian Doctrine) of 1593. It was written in Spanish and two versions of Tagalog; one written in Baybayin and the other in the Latin alphabet.
The Surian has contributed not only to the development of the national language, but also to the development of literature and literary criticism in Filipino through the publication of critical works, the giving of annual awards in poetry and essay, and the holding of forums, symposia, and seminars.
In 1987, by virtue of Executive Order No. 117, the Surian became the Linangan ng mga Wika sa Pilipinas. It was again transformed into the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino in August 1991, through Republic Act No. 7104 (implemented in 1992), which is tasked to undertake, coordinate and promote researches for the development, propagation and preservation of Filipino and other Philippine languages.
On the night of November 13, 1986, President Corazon C. Aquino condemned the brutal murder of labor leader Rolando Olalia and his colleague and driver Leonor Alay-ay, whose bodies were found in Antipolo, Rizal earlier in the day.
President Aquino immediately ordered a full-scale investigation of the gruesome murder which rocked the labor sector.
Olalia was then the chairman of the militant labor sector Kilusang Mayo Uno (KMU). The chief suspects in the murder were ranking leaders of the Rebolusyonaryong Alyansang Makabansa (RAM).
Police investigators said the bodies of Olalia and Alay-ay bore torture marks and gunshot wounds in the head.
They were hogtied and their mouths were stuffed with newspaper.
Their bodies were severely mutilated beyond recognition. The scar on Olalia's leg was the only identifying mark that confirmed the labor leader's brutal demise.
On this same day in 2000, the House of Representatives voted to impeach President Joseph Estrada on charges of bribery, graft and corruption, betrayal of public trust and culpable violation of the Constitution for allegedly accepting bribe money from operators of illegal gambling.
Speaker Manuel Villar read his referral of the Articles of Impeachment, paving the way for the formal trial of the President by the Senate, where the senators sit as jurors and Chief Justice Hilario Davide Jr. as presiding officer.
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