Scoliosis, a condition where the spine curves abnormally to the side, can have various causes, depending on the type:
1. Idiopathic Scoliosis (most common type, particularly in adolescents):
The exact cause is unknown but is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
2. Congenital Scoliosis:
Occurs due to spinal abnormalities that develop in the womb. Vertebrae may be incompletely formed or fused together.
3. Neuromuscular Scoliosis:
Associated with conditions that affect the muscles and nerves, such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, or spinal cord injuries. Weak or imbalanced muscles may fail to support the spine properly.
4. Degenerative Scoliosis (often in adults):
Develops later in life due to age-related wear and tear on the spine, leading to conditions like osteoarthritis or disc degeneration.
5. Traumatic Scoliosis:
Caused by injury or surgery that affects the spine, leading to abnormal curvature.
6. Syndromic Scoliosis:
Occurs as part of a broader syndrome, such as Marfan syndrome, Down syndrome, or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, which affect connective tissues and skeletal development.
In many cases, particularly in idiopathic scoliosis, the exact cause is not fully understood.
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