Author Topic: Choosing Healthy Fats  (Read 1396 times)

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Choosing Healthy Fats
« on: April 29, 2014, 12:14:32 PM »
http://www.helpguide.org/

 
For years, nutritionists and doctors have preached that a low-fat diet is the key to losing weight, managing cholesterol, and preventing health problems. But more than just the amount of fat, it’s the types of fat you eat that really matter. Bad fats increase cholesterol and your risk of certain diseases, while good fats protect your heart and support overall health. In fact, good fats—such as omega-3 fats—are essential to physical and emotional health.
   
Making sense of dietary fat

A walk down the grocery aisle will confirm our obsession with low-fat foods. We’re bombarded with supposedly guilt-free options: baked potato chips, fat-free ice cream, low-fat candies, cookies, and cakes. But while our low-fat options have exploded, so have obesity rates. Clearly, low-fat foods and diets haven’t delivered on their trim, healthy promises.

Despite what you may have been told, fat isn’t always the bad guy in the waistline wars. Bad fats, such as trans fats, are guilty of the unhealthy things all fats have been blamed for—weight gain, clogged arteries, and so forth. But good fats such as the monounsaturated fats, polyunsaturated fats, and omega-3s have the opposite effect. In fact, healthy fats play a huge role in helping you manage your moods, stay on top of your mental game, fight fatigue, and even control your weight.

The answer isn’t cutting out the fat—it’s learning to make healthy choices and to replace bad fats with good ones that promote health and well-being.

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Re: Choosing Healthy Fats
« Reply #1 on: April 29, 2014, 12:15:42 PM »
Myths and facts about fats

Myth: All fats are equal—and equally bad for you.

Fact: Trans fats and some saturated fats are bad for you because they raise your cholesterol and increase your risk for heart disease. But monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats are good for you, lowering cholesterol and reducing your risk of heart disease.

Myth: Lowering the amount of fat you eat is what matters the most.

Fact: The mix of fats that you eat, rather than the total amount in your diet, is what matters most when it comes to your cholesterol and health. The key is to eat more good fats and less bad fats.

Myth: Fat-free means healthy.

Fact: A “fat-free” label doesn’t mean you can eat all you want without consequences to your waistline. Many fat-free foods are high in sugar, refined carbohydrates, and calories.

Myth: Eating a low-fat diet is the key to weight loss.

Fact: The obesity rates for Americans have doubled in the last 20 years, coinciding with the low-fat revolution. Cutting calories is the key to weight loss, and since fats are filling, they can help curb overeating.

Myth: All body fat is the same.

Fact: Where you carry your fat matters. The health risks are greater if you tend to carry your weight around your abdomen, as opposed to your hips and thighs. A lot of belly fat is stored deep below the skin surrounding the abdominal organs and liver, and is closely linked to insulin resistance and diabetes.

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Re: Choosing Healthy Fats
« Reply #2 on: April 29, 2014, 12:16:43 PM »
Types of dietary fat: Good fats vs. bad fats

To understand good and bad fats, you need to know the names of the players and some information about them. There are four major types of fats:

monounsaturated fats (good fats)
polyunsaturated fats (good fats)
trans fats (bad fats)
saturated fats (questionable fats)

Monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats are known as the “good fats” because they are good for your heart, your cholesterol, and your overall health.

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Re: Choosing Healthy Fats
« Reply #3 on: April 29, 2014, 12:17:59 PM »
GOOD FATS

Monounsaturated fat   

Olive oil
Canola oil
Sunflower oil
Peanut oil
Sesame oil
Avocados
Olives
Nuts (almonds, peanuts, macadamia nuts, hazelnuts, pecans, cashews)
Peanut butter

Polyunsaturated fat

Soybean oil
Corn oil
Safflower oil
Walnuts
Sunflower, sesame, and pumpkin seeds
Flaxseed
Fatty fish (salmon, tuna, mackerel, herring, trout, sardines)
Soymilk
Tofu

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Re: Choosing Healthy Fats
« Reply #4 on: April 29, 2014, 12:18:35 PM »
BAD FATS

Trans fat

Commercially-baked pastries, cookies, doughnuts, muffins, cakes, pizza dough
Packaged snack foods (crackers, microwave popcorn, chips)
Stick margarine
Vegetable shortening
Fried foods (French fries, fried chicken, chicken nuggets, breaded fish)
Candy bars

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Re: Choosing Healthy Fats
« Reply #5 on: April 29, 2014, 12:19:31 PM »
QUESTIONABLE FATS

Saturated fat

High-fat cuts of meat (beef, lamb, pork)
Chicken with the skin
Whole-fat dairy products (milk and cream)
Butter
Cheese
Ice cream
Palm and coconut oil

Saturated fats are “questionable” fats because of the conflicting medical evidence about the effect of saturated fats on cholesterol and the risk for heart disease. Some saturated fats can have health benefits as well as potentially negative effects on cholesterol. For example, despite their high saturated fat content, whole-fat dairy products are a good source of calcium and protein, while (unhydrogenated) coconut oil may boost energy and endurance.

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Re: Choosing Healthy Fats
« Reply #6 on: April 29, 2014, 12:20:09 PM »
The confusion about saturated fat

For decades, doctors, nutritionists and health authorities have told us that a diet high in saturated fats (such as red meat and whole fat dairy products) raises blood cholesterol levels and increases the risk of heart disease and stroke. However, recent major studies have cast doubt on those claims, concluding that people who eat lots of saturated fat do not experience more cardiovascular disease than those who eat less.

So does that mean it’s OK to eat all the saturated fat you want? The short answer is no. While it seems that some kinds of saturated fats may have been unfairly labeled as “bad fats” in the past, reducing your intake of other types can still improve your cardiovascular health. The key is what you swap saturated fats for. For example, swapping animal fats for vegetable oils—such as replacing butter with olive oil—may help to lower cholesterol and reduce your risk for disease. However, swapping animal fats for refined carbohydrates, such as replacing your breakfast bacon with a donut or bagel, won’t have the same beneficial effects. That’s because eating refined carbohydrates can also have a negative effect on cholesterol levels and your risk for heart disease.

For some of us, enjoying saturated fats in moderation appears to be key, while those with poor cholesterol numbers, high blood pressure, or other heart disease indicators, may be wise to reduce the amount of saturated fat in their diets—but taking care to replace it with good fats rather than with refined carbs. In other words, don’t go no fat, go good fat and follow the Mediterranean diet.

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Re: Choosing Healthy Fats
« Reply #7 on: April 29, 2014, 12:21:06 PM »
General guidelines for choosing healthy fats

If you are concerned about your weight or heart health, rather than avoiding fat in your diet, try replacing trans fats and some saturated fats with good fats. This might mean replacing fried chicken with fresh fish, swapping some of the meat you eat with beans and legumes, or using olive oil rather than butter.

Try to eliminate trans fats from your diet. Check food labels for trans fats. Avoiding commercially-baked goods goes a long way. Also limit fast food.

Limit your intake of saturated fats by cutting back on red meat and full-fat dairy foods. Try replacing red meat with beans, nuts, poultry, and fish whenever possible, and switching from whole milk and other full-fat dairy foods to lower fat versions.

Eat omega-3 fats every day. Good sources include fish, walnuts, ground flax seeds, flaxseed oil, canola oil, and soybean oil.

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Re: Choosing Healthy Fats
« Reply #8 on: April 29, 2014, 12:22:21 PM »
How much fat is too much?

How much fat is too much depends on your lifestyle, your weight, your age, and most importantly the state of your health. The USDA recommends that the average individual:

Keep total fat intake to 20-35% of calories

Limit saturated fats to less than 10% of your calories (200 calories for a 2000 calorie diet)

Limit trans fats to 1% of calories (2 grams per day for a 2000 calorie diet)

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Re: Choosing Healthy Fats
« Reply #9 on: April 29, 2014, 12:23:29 PM »
Trans fat: eliminate this bad fat from your diet

When focusing on healthy fats, a good place to start is eliminating your consumption of trans fats. A trans fat is a normal fat molecule that has been twisted and deformed during a process called hydrogenation. During this process, liquid vegetable oil is heated and combined with hydrogen gas. Partially hydrogenating vegetable oils makes them more stable and less likely to spoil, which is very good for food manufacturers—and very bad for you.

No amount of trans fats is healthy. Trans fats contribute to major health problems, from heart disease to cancer.

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Re: Choosing Healthy Fats
« Reply #10 on: April 29, 2014, 12:24:33 PM »
Sources of trans fats

Many people think of margarine when they picture trans fats, and it’s true that some margarines are loaded with them. However, the primary source of trans fats in the Western diet comes from commercially prepared baked goods and snack foods:

Baked goods – cookies, crackers, cakes, muffins, pie crusts, pizza dough, and some breads like hamburger buns

Fried foods – doughnuts, French fries, fried chicken, chicken nuggets, and hard taco shells

Snack foods – potato, corn, and tortilla chips; candy; packaged or microwave popcorn

Solid fats – stick margarine and semi-solid vegetable shortening

Pre-mixed products – cake mix, pancake mix, and chocolate drink mix

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Re: Choosing Healthy Fats
« Reply #11 on: April 29, 2014, 12:26:36 PM »
Be a trans fat detective

When shopping, read the labels and watch out for “partially hydrogenated oil” in the ingredients. Even if the food claims to be trans fat-free, this ingredient makes it suspect.

With margarine, choose the soft-tub versions, and make sure the product has zero grams of trans fat and no partially hydrogenated oils.

When eating out, put fried foods, biscuits, and other baked goods on your “skip” list. Avoid these products unless you know that the restaurant has eliminated trans fat.

Avoid fast food. Most states have no labeling regulations for fast food, and it can even be advertised as cholesterol-free when cooked in vegetable oil.

When eating out, ask your server or counter person what type of oil your food will be cooked in. If it’s partially hydrogenated oil, run the other way or ask if your food can be prepared using olive oil, which most restaurants have in stock.

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Re: Choosing Healthy Fats
« Reply #12 on: April 29, 2014, 12:27:54 PM »
Saturated fats: Limit or reduce this fat

Many of us can benefit from replacing some of the saturated fats in our diet with healthy fats. Saturated fats are mainly found in animal products such as red meat and whole milk dairy products. Poultry and fish also contain saturated fat, but less than red meat.

Simple ways to reduce saturated fat

Eat less red meat (beef, pork, or lamb) and more fish and chicken

Go for lean cuts of meat, and stick to white meat, which has less saturated fat.

Bake, broil, or grill instead of frying.

Remove the skin from chicken and trim as much fat off of meat as possible before cooking.

Avoid breaded meats and vegetables and deep-fried foods.

Choose low-fat milk and lower-fat cheeses like mozzarella whenever possible; enjoy full-fat dairy in moderation.

Use liquid vegetable oils such as olive oil or canola oil instead of lard, shortening, or butter.

Avoid cream and cheese sauces, or have them served on the side.

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Re: Choosing Healthy Fats
« Reply #13 on: April 29, 2014, 12:42:42 PM »
Sources of Saturated Fats   Healthier Options

Butter                                Olive oil
Cheese                                Low-fat or reduced-fat cheese
Red meat                              White meat chicken or turkey
Cream                                 Low-fat milk or fat-free creamer
Eggs                                  Egg whites, an egg substitute (e.g. Eggbeaters), or tofu
Ice cream                             Frozen yogurt or reduced fat ice cream
Whole milk                            Skim or 1% milk
Sour cream                            Plain, non-fat yogurt

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Re: Choosing Healthy Fats
« Reply #14 on: April 29, 2014, 12:43:31 PM »
Getting more good fats in your diet

Okay, so you realize you need to reduce saturated fat and avoid trans fat… but how do you get the healthy monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats everyone keeps talking about?

The best sources of healthy monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats are vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and fish.

Cook with olive oil. Use olive oil for stovetop cooking, rather than butter, stick margarine, or lard. For baking, try canola or vegetable oil.

Eat more avocados. Try them in sandwiches or salads or make guacamole. Along with being loaded with heart and brain-healthy fats, they make for a filling and satisfying meal.

Reach for the nuts. You can also add nuts to vegetable dishes or use them instead of breadcrumbs on chicken or fish.

Snack on olives. Olives are high in healthy monounsaturated fats. But unlike most other high-fat foods, they make for a low-calorie snack when eaten on their own. Try them plain or make a tapenade for dipping.

Dress your own salad. Commercial salad dressings are often high in saturated fat or made with damaged trans fat oils. Create your own healthy dressings with high-quality, cold-pressed olive oil, flaxseed oil, or sesame oil.

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Re: Choosing Healthy Fats
« Reply #15 on: April 29, 2014, 12:44:06 PM »
Damaged fat: When good fats go bad

A good fat can become bad if heat, light, or oxygen damages it. Polyunsaturated fats are the most fragile. Oils that are high in polyunsaturated fats (such as flaxseed oil) must be refrigerated and kept in an opaque container. Cooking with these oils also damages the fats. Never use oils, seeds, or nuts after they begin to smell or taste rank or bitter.

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Re: Choosing Healthy Fats
« Reply #16 on: April 29, 2014, 12:45:11 PM »
Omega-3 fatty acids: Superfats for the brain and heart

Omega-3 fatty acids are a type of polyunsaturated fat. While all types of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats are good for you, omega-3 fats are proving to be especially beneficial.

We’re still learning about the many benefits of omega-3 fatty acids, but research has shown that they can:

Prevent and reduce the symptoms of depression

Protect against memory loss and dementia

Reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, and cancer

Ease arthritis, joint pain, and inflammatory skin conditions

Support a healthy pregnancy

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Re: Choosing Healthy Fats
« Reply #17 on: April 29, 2014, 12:45:48 PM »
Omega-3 fatty acids and mental health

Omega-3 fatty acids are highly concentrated in the brain. Research indicates that they play a vital role in cognitive function (memory, problem-solving abilities, etc.) as well as emotional health.
Getting more omega-3 fatty acids in your diet can help you battle fatigue, sharpen your memory, and balance your mood. Studies have shown that omega-3s can be helpful in the treatment of depression, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and bipolar disorder.

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Re: Choosing Healthy Fats
« Reply #18 on: April 29, 2014, 12:47:06 PM »
There are several different types of omega-3 fatty acids:

EPA and DHA – Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have the most research to back up their health benefits. Both are found in abundance in cold-water fatty fish.

ALA – Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) comes from plants. Studies suggest that it’s a less potent form of omega-3 than EPA and DHA. The best sources include flaxseed, walnuts, and canola oil.

Fish: The best food source of omega-3 fatty acids

Omega-3 fats are a type of essential fatty acid, meaning they are essential to health, but your body can’t make them. You can only get omega-3 fats from food.

The best sources are fatty fish such as salmon, herring, mackerel, anchovies, or sardines, or high-quality cold-water fish oil supplements. Canned albacore tuna and lake trout can also be good sources, depending on how the fish were raised and processed.

If you’re a vegetarian or you don’t like fish, you can still get your omega-3 fix by eating algae (which is high in DHA) or taking a fish oil or algae supplement.

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Re: Choosing Healthy Fats
« Reply #19 on: April 29, 2014, 12:48:16 PM »
Choosing the best omega-3 supplement

With so many omega-3 and fish oil supplements and fortified foods, making the right choice can be tricky. These guidelines can help.

Avoid products that don’t list the source of their omega-3s. Does the package list the source of omega-3 fatty acids? If not, chances are it’s ALA (sometimes from plain old canola or soybean oil), which most Westerners already get plenty of.

Don’t fall for fortified foods. Many fortified foods (such as margarine, eggs, and milk) claim to be high in omega-3 fatty acids, but often, the real amount of omega-3 is miniscule.

Look for the total amount of EPA and DHA on the label. The bottle may say 1,000 milligrams of fish oil, but it’s the amount of omega-3 that matters. Read the small print. It may show only 300 mg of EPA and DHA (sometimes listed as “omega-3 fatty acids”), which means you’d have to take three capsules to get close to 1,000 milligrams of omega-3.

Choose supplements that are mercury-free, pharmaceutical grade and molecularly distilled. Make sure the supplement contains both DHA and EPA. They may be hard to find, but supplements with higher concentrations of EPA are better.

Fish oil supplements can cause stomach upset and belching, especially when you first start taking them. To reduce these side effects, take them with food. You may also want to start with a low dose and gradually increase it, or divide the dose among your three meals.

How much omega-3 do I need?

The American Heart Association recommends consuming 1–3 grams per day of EPA and DHA (1 gram = 1,000 milligrams). For the treatment of mental health issues, including depression and ADHD, look for supplements that are high in EPA, which has been shown to elevate and stabilize mood. Aim for at least 1,000 milligrams of omega-3 fatty acids per day.

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Re: Choosing Healthy Fats
« Reply #20 on: April 29, 2014, 12:49:35 PM »
The truth about dietary fat and cholesterol

Cholesterol is a fatty, wax-like substance that your body needs to function properly. In and of itself, cholesterol isn’t bad. But when you get too much of it, it can have a negative impact on your health.

Cholesterol comes from two sources: your body and food. Your body (specifically, the liver) produces some of the cholesterol you need naturally. But you also get cholesterol directly from any animal products you eat, such as eggs, meat, and dairy. Together, these two sources contribute to your blood cholesterol level.

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Re: Choosing Healthy Fats
« Reply #21 on: April 29, 2014, 12:50:18 PM »
Good vs. bad cholesterol

As with dietary fat, there are good and bad types of cholesterol. HDL cholesterol is the "good" kind of cholesterol found in your blood. LDL cholesterol is the "bad” kind. The key is to keep LDL levels low while, conversely, low HDL can be a marker for increased cardiovascular risk. High levels of HDL cholesterol may help protect against heart disease and stroke, while high levels of LDL cholesterol can clog arteries, increasing your risk.

Research shows that there is only a weak link between the amount of cholesterol you eat and your blood cholesterol levels. The biggest influence on your total and LDL cholesterol is the type of fats you eat—not your dietary cholesterol. So instead of counting cholesterol, simply focus on replacing bad fats with good fats.

Monounsaturated fats lower total and bad (LDL) cholesterol levels, while increasing good cholesterol (HDL).

Polyunsaturated fats lower triglycerides and fight inflammation.

Saturated fats may raise your blood cholesterol.

Trans fats are the worst types of fat since they not only raise your bad LDL cholesterol, but also lower the good HDL cholesterol.

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