The common misconception of dogs' color capacity stems from the animal's short supply of color receptors, commonly known as cones. Humans have three cones while dogs only have two, giving us a wider variety of color to choose from. Each cone is sensitive to a different wavelength of light, each of which is combined into different amounts and creates all the hues of the color wheel. This works the same way as taking the three primary colors — red, green, and blue — that are used when projecting light through the retina (eyes lens) and mixing them together to create a wide-range palate of shades and hues. But because dogs only have two cones, their ability to see color is limited and comparable to a human with a red-green colorblindness, which is a result of being born with only two cones as well. Nevertheless, while the matter of two cones rather than three is true for dogs, it's obvious that they're better perceivers of color than we thought.
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