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Author Topic: Roman Catholic Teaching on the judgement of the dead  (Read 1002 times)

Lorenzo

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Roman Catholic Teaching on the judgement of the dead
« on: October 07, 2012, 10:07:45 AM »
Jesus will come at the end of time to judge all human beings. This is called the parousia, His second coming. It was foretold by the angels as He ascended: "This Jesus who is taken up from you to heaven, will come in the way in which you saw Him going into heaven" (Acts 1:11).

However, those who die before the parousia will be judged immediately at their deaths. This is known as the particular judgment. The Epistle to the Hebrews says (9:27): " It is appointed to men to die once, and after that comes the judgment". Then, "Each one will receive his pay, according to his works" (1 Cor 3:8 ).

There are three possible outcomes to the particular judgment. Those whose love for God has been perfected in this life are taken straight to heaven, where they enjoy endless happiness in the face to face vision of God. Those who die in God's love but still love Him imperfectly must be purifed in the intermediate state of purgatory. Those, however, who reject God's love by mortal sin and die without repenting are condemned to the everlasting torments of hell. The general judgment at the end of time simply solemnly confirms the particular judgments of each one, with the difference that then the body as well as the soul will receive what is due it. And all God's judgments will be revealed as most just.

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Lorenzo

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Re: Roman Catholic Teaching on the judgement of the dead
« Reply #1 on: October 07, 2012, 10:08:34 AM »
181. What is the judgment called which will be passed on each one of us immediately after death?

The judgment which will be passed on each one of us immediately after death is called the particular judgment.

(a) The existence of the particular judgment is apparent from the parable of Lazarus and Dives, which shows that one soul was rewarded and another punished immediately after death. Reward or punishment follows the sentence of judgment.

(b) The sentence of this judgment is final and will not be reversed.

(c) The particular judgment will be given immediately after the soul leaves the body. The soul will go at once either to its reward in heaven or to its punishment in purgatory or hell.

183. What are the rewards or punishments appointed for men after the particular judgment?

The rewards or punishments appointed for men after the particular judgment are heaven, purgatory, or hell.




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Lorenzo

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The Second Coming of the Lord and the Last Judgment
« Reply #2 on: October 07, 2012, 10:10:11 AM »
The Second Coming of the Lord and the Last Judgment



As Catholics, we are mindful and profess in our Creed that Christ will come again to judge the living and the dead. The Second Vatican Council's "Dogmatic Constitution on the Church" states, "Already the final age of the world is with us and the renewal of the world is irrevocably under way; it is even now anticipated in a certain real way, for the Church on earth is endowed already with a sanctity that is real though imperfect" (No. 48). To try to grasp the when, what and how of this Second Coming and last judgment, we really need to glean the various passages in Sacred Scripture to see how our Church has interpreted them. They are united in one drama.

Our Lord in the Gospel spoke of His second coming. He indicated that various signs would mark the event. Mankind would suffer from famine, pestilence and natural disasters. False prophets who claim to be the Messiah will deceive and mislead people. Nations will wage war against each other. The Church will endure persecution. Worse yet, the faith of many will grow cold and they will abandon the faith, even betraying and hating one another. (Confer Mt. 24:4-14; Lk 17:22-37) St. Paul describes a "mass apostasy" before the Second Coming, which will be led by the "son of perdition," the "Man of Lawlessness," the "adversary who exalts himself above every so-called god proposed for worship." This "lawless one" is part of the work of Satan, and with power, signs, wonders and seductions will bring to ruin those who have turned from the truth. However, "the Lord Jesus will destroy him with the breath of His mouth and annihilate him by manifesting His own presence." (Cf. 2 Thes 2:3-12) The Catechism affirms, "God's triumph over the revolt of evil will take the form of the last judgment after the final cosmic upheaval of this passing world" (No. 667). Our Lord will come suddenly. "The Son of Man in His day will be like the lightening that flashes from one end of the sky to the other" (Lk 17:24). St. Peter predicts, "The day of the Lord will come like a thief and on that day the heavens will vanish with a roar; the elements will be destroyed by fire and the earth and all its deeds will be made manifest" (2 Pt 3:10).

Death will be no more. The dead shall rise and those souls who have died will be united again to their bodies. All will have a glorious, transformed, spiritualized body as St. Paul said, "He will give a new form to this lowly body of ours and remake it according to the pattern of His glorified body..." (Phil 3:21).

At this time, the final, or general judgment will occur. Jesus said, "Those who have done right shall rise to life; the evildoers shall rise to be damned" (Jn 5:29). Our Lord described this judgment as follows: "When the Son of Man comes in His glory, escorted by all the angels of heaven, He will sit upon His royal throne and all the nations will be assembled before Him. Then He will separate them into two groups, as a shepherd separated sheep from goats" (Mt 25:31-32).

Here each person will have to account for his conduct and the deepest secrets of his soul will come to light. How well each person has responded to the prompting of God's grace will be made clear. Our attitude and actions toward our neighbor will reflect how well we have loved our Lord. "As often as you did it for one of My least brothers, you did it for Me" (Mt 25:41).

Our Lord will judge us accordingly. For those who have died and already have faced the particular judgment, their judgment will stand. Those living at the time of the Second Coming will receive judgment. Those who have rejected the Lord in this life, who have sinned mortally,, who have no remorse for sin and do not seek forgiveness, will have condemned themselves to hell for all eternity. "By rejecting grace in this life, one already judges oneself, receives according to one's works and can even condemn oneself for all eternity by rejecting the Spirit of love (Catechism, No. 678). The souls of the righteous will enter heavenly glory and enjoy the beatific vision and those who need purification will undergo it.

We do not know when the Second Coming will occur. Jesus said, "As to the exact day or hour, no one knows it, neither the angels in heaven nor even the Son, but only the Father. Be constantly on the watch! Stay awake! You do not know when the appointed time will come" (Mk 13:32-33).



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Lorenzo

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Re: Roman Catholic Teaching on the judgement of the dead
« Reply #3 on: October 07, 2012, 10:11:20 AM »
180. What is the judgment called which will be passed on all men immediately after the general resurrection?

The judgment which will be passed on all men immediately after the general resurrection is called the general judgment.

(a) The general judgment was described by Our Saviour Himself.

(b) Every deliberate thought, word, deed, and omission of every person's entire life will be manifested at the general judgment.

(c) The Lord Christ will be the judge.

182. If everyone is judged immediately after death, why will there be a general judgment?

Although everyone is judged immediately after death, it is fitting that there be a general judgment in order that the justice, wisdom, and mercy of God may be glorified in the presence of all.

(a) Man is a social being as well as an individual. The general judgment will manifest God's Providence, the majesty of Christ, and the glory of the elect.



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Lorenzo

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Judgment and the Laws of the Universe
« Reply #4 on: October 07, 2012, 10:13:20 AM »
Judgment and the Laws of the Universe



What happens after death--the Judgment--is in a certain sense previewed and acted out in an obscure symbolic way in things that happen now. To put this in another way: every day we experience "judgments," only we do not call them that; nor do we realize that that is what they are: judgments on the way we act and think and like.

Consider this analogy. Suppose a man were waiting for his turn to come down in an elevator. In a burst of intellectual freedom he says, "This is ridiculous! I refuse to accept the indignity of subjecting myself to a law of gravitation that that fool, Isaac Newton, thought up and imposed on the rest of us. I am going to be free." He proceeds to jump out the window. For a few seconds, or a few moments depending on the height, he seems to have proved his point. He is getting down faster. He is having an exhilarating experience, free fall and all the rest of it, until he hits the ground. A smashed body is the "judgment" that the law of gravitation passes on all who try to flout it.

This is the first way to try to understand the judgment. The Lord has made the world in such a way that we always get what we choose . . . ultimately. If I choose to jump from the top of a high building, I will get injury or death. That is the judgment the universe God has made passes on me. If I refuse to learn, I will get ignorance and all the painful things that go with ignorance. That is judgment. If I choose to hurt and humiliate others out of envy, I will get darkness of soul and all that goes with that, the impulse to tear down what is good. That is my judgment. The Judgment is not so much something the Lord confronts us with in the world to come as it is the law of the universe that operates now and in everything. The ways in which Judgment appears, the smashed body, ignorance, failure, darkness of the mind are previews of the final confrontation with the reality of what we have chosen to become.

There is one difference between the judgment that God exacts through the physical universe and the judgment that He exacts through the spiritual. In the judgment of the physical order there is no appeal and no mercy but in the judgment of the spiritual order there is. Suppose that this man we spoke of jumped from the 80th floor but as he hurled past Floor Number 35, he had a change of heart. He cried out, "Oh, great and mysterious Law of Gravitation, I was foolish to think that I would defy you and get away with it. Forgive me!" If he were to receive an answer the Law of Gravitation would say, "I do not forgive. This is what you chose and this is what you are going to get . . . your judgment." What is impossible in the physical order (apart from a miracle) happens all the time in the spiritual. The Lord reaches out and snatches us from what we are falling to.

The moral laws are laws, that is to say, they are statements of the reality of things. Here, for example are statements of the real universe in which we live: "Thou shalt not take arsenic with thy coffee. Thou shalt not use gun powder as tobacco. Thou shalt study for thy exams . . . or else." These are laws. We cannot really break them--we can only break ourselves against them.

In exactly the same way the following statements are statements of the real universe too. "Thou shalt not commit adultery. Thou shalt not steal. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor." These are laws too. We cannot break these either. We can only break ourselves against them. If I try to defy the law of gravitation, I begin to fall to my ruin. If I try to defy the law of morals, I also begin to fall to my ruin--unless, and until, the Lord reaches out, snatches me out of mid air in my fall, sets me down gently and says, "Your sins are forgiven you. Go and sin no more." In the judgment of the physical order, there is no mercy, no appeal. In the judgment of the spiritual order, there is. That is the difference. But in both cases, there is Judgment.

Suppose a man were invited to a party and he acted in a very rude way; he was critical and abusive towards his host and fellow guests. If he were to complain afterwards, "they avoid me" you would say to him, would you not, "What do you expect?" If you were in a philosophical mood, you might go on:

"We live in a cosmos, not in a chaos. If we choose disorder, disorder we shall have. If we choose to hurt others and tear at them, we enter into a spiritual darkness in which we no longer see good as good, but as evil. In that darkness we have chosen to enter we are poisoned with aversion from good. We are filled with bitterness, frustration and hate. If we encounter Honesty in our place of work we do not admire it, we fear it. If we meet Integrity we feel threatened by it. That is our Judgment."

The Lord takes us seriously. He lets us have our own way. We get what we choose. We go to our own place. If we betray the Lord, as Judas did, we get up and leave His company; we go out into the night. The Judgment is not so much something that God decrees as it is the Lord Who allows our free-will to run its course--unless He intervenes to save us from ourselves. This is what He does, again and again. If we begin to fall to our ruin the Lord sees us; He takes pity on us and reaches out and grasps us in mid-air (so to speak) and changes the course we have chosen by our folly and our sin. The mercy of God is His endless miracle of saving sinners who are bent on destroying themselves.


http://www.ewtn.com/faith/teachings/judgb1.htm

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