MikeLigalig.com

countries with nuclear weapons:

1  Country: United States
2  First test: 1945   
3  Most recent test: 1992   
4  Total tests: 1,054   
5  Estimated warheads: 7,650

1  Russia   
2  1949   
3  1990   
4  715   
5  8,420

1  United Kingdom   
2  1952   
3  1991   
4  45   
5  225

1  France   
2  1960   
3  1996   
4  210   
5  300

1  China   
2  1964   
3  1996   
4  45   
5  240

1  India   
2  1974   
3  1998   
4  6   
5  80-100

1  Pakistan   
2  1998   
3  1998   
4  6   
5  90-110

1  North Korea   
2  2006   
3  2013   
4  3   
5  Fewer than 10

1  Israel   
2  No confirmed test   
3  No confirmed test   
4  No confirmed test   
5  80

1  Iran   
2  No confirmed test   
3  No confirmed test   
4  No confirmed test   
5  0

http://edition.cnn.com/interactive/2013/03/world/nuclear-weapon-states/?iid=article_sidebar

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America’s 76 million baby boomers grew up during the cold war, when a deep fear of nuclear weapons permeated American life, from duck-and-cover school drills to backyard fallout shelters. Then, in the 1980s, President Ronald Reagan’s leadership, combined with immense anti-nuclear demonstrations, led to negotiations with the Soviet Union that drastically reduced the size of the two superpowers’ nuclear arsenals.


duck and cover drill


an-anti nuclear arms meme:



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There is also a small group of people who still believe fervently in nuclear weapons. President Obama had to buy passage of the New START treaty with Russia, in 2010, with a promise to spend $185 billion to modernize warheads and delivery systems over 10 years — revealing that while support for nuclear weapons may not be broad, it runs deep. That support endures because of five widely held myths.

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Second is the myth of “decisive destruction.” Mass destruction doesn’t win wars; killing soldiers does. No war has ever been won simply by killing civilians. The 1941-44 siege of Leningrad didn’t deter Soviet leaders from pressing the fight against Hitler. Nor did the 1945 firebombing of Dresden force Germany to submit. As long as an army has a fighting chance at victory, wars continue. Building ever more destructive weapons simply increases the horror of war, not the certainty of ending it.


D-Day



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Originally it was claimed that nuclear weapons would assure success in negotiations, prevent any sort of attack — conventional or nuclear — and allow countries to protect their friends with a nuclear umbrella. When the Russians weren’t intimidated during talks after World War II, the claim about negotiations was dropped. When the Yom Kippur War and the Falkland Islands War showed that fighting against nuclear-armed countries was possible, the prevention of conventional war claim was dropped. The nuclear umbrella claim ought to have been dropped at the same time, but there was too much American foreign policy riding on it for anyone to make this argument. After all, if Britain couldn’t deter an attack on its own far-flung islands, how could deterrence prevent attacks on other countries?


06 October 1973: Yom Kippur War, aka Ramadan War or October War


02 April 1982: The Falklands War began



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The last and most stubborn myth is that of irreversibility. Whenever idealists say that they want to abolish nuclear weapons, so-called realists shake their heads and say, in tones of patient condescension, “You can’t stuff the nuclear genie back in the bottle.”

This is a specious argument. It’s true that no technology is ever disinvented, but technology does fall out of use all the time. (If you don’t believe me, try to get tech support on any electronic device more than three years old.) Devices disappear either because they are displaced by better technology or because they simply weren’t good. The question isn’t whether nuclear weapons can be disinvented, but whether they are useful. And their usefulness is questionable, given that no one has found an occasion to use them in over 67 years.

more at http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/14/opinion/the-myth-of-nuclear-necessity.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0



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Nuclear Tests and Locations

From 1945 until 1998, there have been over 2,000 nuclear tests conducted worldwide.

United States

First nuclear test: 1945
Most recent nuclear test: 1992
Total tests: 1,030 (815 underground)

Test sites: (Nevada Test Site) Nevada, Alaska, New Mexico, Mississippi, Colorado, USA; Johnston Atoll, part of the US Minor Outlying Islands; Malden Island, Kiribati; Christmas Island, Australia; Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands    

The United States has conducted more tests than the rest of the world, and was the first and only country to use a nuclear weapon in wartime. The U.S. has signed the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, but it has not yet been ratified by the Senate.

Russia

First nuclear test: 1949
Most recent nuclear test: 1990
Total tests: 715 (496 underground)

Test sites: (Semipalatinsk Test Site) Kazakhstan, (Northern Test Site) Novaya Zemlya, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan

Russia was the second nation in the world to conduct nuclear tests.

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China

First nuclear test: 1964
Most recent nuclear test: 1996
Total tests: 43 (22 underground)

Test sites: (Lop Nur Nuclear Weapons Test Base) in Malan, Xinjiang  Uyghur Autonomous Region, China

China is widely thought to be helping Pakistan with its nuclear efforts. 

India

First nuclear test: 1974
Most recent nuclear test: 1998
Total tests: 7

Test site:  Indian Army Pokhran Test Range (IA-PTR) in the Thar Desert, India

In 1966, India declared it could produce nuclear weapons within 18 months. Eight years later, India tested a device of up to 15 kilotons and called the test a "peaceful nuclear explosion." In May 1998, India stunned the world when it conducted six underground nuclear tests in Pokharan, Rajasthan, and declared itself a nuclear state.

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philippine nuclear weapons test

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