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Cosco Philippines Shipping, Inc. vs Kemper Insurance Company

Ruling: “In order for the court to have authority to dispose of the case on the merits, it must acquire jurisdiction over the subject matter and the   parties. Courts acquire jurisdiction over the plaintiffs upon the filing of the  complaint,  and  to  be bound  by a  decision, a  party  should first  be subjected to the  court's jurisdiction.  Clearly,  since  no valid complaint  was ever filed with the  [MeTC],  the  same  did  not  acquire  jurisdiction  over the person of respondent  [plaintiff before  the  lower  court."

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