Diet accounts for nearly 10% of all cancers if a lack of fruit and vegetables, too little fibre, too much red or processed meat and excessive salt are included.
Five a day can reduce the risk of bowel, breast, kidney, womb and oesophageal cancers.
Fibre activates the production of helpful chemicals that can stop the growth of tumours in the bowel.
Red and processed meat contain an iron pigment, called haem, that can stimulate bacteria in the gut to produce cancer-causing chemicals.
Diets high in smoked and pickled foods are known to increase the risk of stomach cancer. Salt can harm the lining of the stomach, cause inflammation and interact with a bug that causes stomach ulcers and cancers.
Obesity is a cause of more than 5% of cancers overall. Fat in overweight people produces more hormones than in healthy people. High levels of some of these hormones, including the female sex hormone oestrogen, can stimulate breast cancers.
We didn’t expect to find that eating fruit and vegetables would prove so important in protecting men against cancer.
And among women we didn’t expect being overweight to have a greater effect than alcohol.
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