Author Topic: The Majapahit Empire  (Read 6638 times)

Lorenzo

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The Majapahit Empire
« on: August 05, 2013, 11:23:56 AM »
The Majapahit Empire, based on the island of Java in what is now Indonesia, was a wealthy trading state that controlled one of the key choke-points along the Indian Ocean trade routes, the Straits of Malacca. It lasted from 1293 to 1527. At its height, the Majapahit Empire ruled most of maritime Southeast Asia, from Sumatra in the west to New Guinea in the east, and also including areas that now make up Singapore, Brunei, East Timor, the southern Philippines, Malaysia, and southern Thailand.

Sources on Majapahit are scarce and none too explicit. Raden Wijaya, who defeated Kublai Khan's 1293 invasion of Java, founded the city of Majapahit on land that he received in payment for his services. The empire slowly expanded from there, growing wealthy by levying duties on goods shipped through the area on the maritime Silk Road.

According to the epic poem Nagarakertagama, the empire's apogee came under the emperor Hayam Wuruk, who reigned from 1334 to 1389. We also have some later Chinese records of the empire, including those from the great Ming Dynasty admiral, Zheng He, who visited Mahajapit lands early in the fifteenth century. The admiral's translator, Ma Huan, recorded an incident in which the Chinese intervened in a succession fight over the Mahajapit throne.

The dispute that Zheng He settled was emblematic of problems during the last century of the Mahajapit Empire's existence. The rulers had multiple wives and concubines, and with no clear laws about who was next in line for the throne, chaos broke out when a ruler died. By the mid-15th century, Mahajapit had lost control of its major revenue source, the Malacca Straits, to the rising Sultanate of Malacca. Piece by piece, the lands under Mahajapit power broke free. This process was exacerbated by the rise of Islam on Java, which had formerly been predominantly Hindu. By 1527, the last ruler of Majapahit fell from power.

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Lorenzo

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Re: The Majapahit Empire
« Reply #1 on: August 05, 2013, 11:24:54 AM »
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Lorenzo

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Re: The Majapahit Empire
« Reply #2 on: August 05, 2013, 11:26:29 AM »
The architecture of Majapahit Empire:






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Lorenzo

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Re: The Majapahit Empire
« Reply #3 on: August 05, 2013, 11:27:10 AM »
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Lorenzo

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Re: The Majapahit Empire
« Reply #4 on: August 05, 2013, 11:28:02 AM »
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Lorenzo

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Re: The Majapahit Empire
« Reply #5 on: August 05, 2013, 11:28:51 AM »
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Lorenzo

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Re: The Majapahit Empire
« Reply #6 on: August 05, 2013, 11:31:43 AM »
The regalia of Majapahit Empire






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Lorenzo

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Re: The Majapahit Empire
« Reply #7 on: August 05, 2013, 11:32:44 AM »
The regalia of Majapahit Empire






Hmmm, in my observation, it looks like their regalia looks identical to those worn by the Maharajas of Sri Vijaya...

Again, the emphasis of gold...

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Lorenzo

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Re: The Majapahit Empire
« Reply #8 on: August 05, 2013, 11:35:58 AM »
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Lorenzo

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Re: The Majapahit Empire
« Reply #9 on: August 05, 2013, 11:39:39 AM »
Who was Hayam Wuruk?

Hayam Wuruk, also called (after 1350) Rajasanagara, (1334–1389), was a Javanese King from Rajasa Dynasty and the fourth monarch of Majapahit empire. Together with his prime minister Gajah Mada, he reigned the empire at the time of its greatest power. He was preceded by Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi and succeeded by his son in law Wikramawardhana. Most of the account of his life was taken from Nagarakretagama and Pararaton.

Hayam Wuruk born in 1334, the year that Gajah Mada declared his oath Sumpah Palapa. Hayam Wuruk means "scholar rooster". He was the son of Tribhuwana Tunggadewi and Sri Kertawardhana or Cakradhara. His mother was the daughter of Raden Wijaya founder of Majapahit, meanwhile his father was the son of Bhre Tumapel lesser king of Singhasari. Both Pararaton and Nagarakretagama praised Hayam Wuruk as a handsome, bright, talented, and exceptional student in courtly martial art of archery and fencing, also mastering politics scriptures, as well as arts and music. He was known as an accomplished ceremonial dancer in the court. Some accounts report about Hayam Wuruk performances in a traditional ceremonial Javanese mask dance. His mother, Queen Tribhuwana educated and groomed him to become the next monarch of Majapahit.

Hayam Wuruk inherited the throne in 1350 at the age of 16 when the patih (prime minister) Gajah Mada was at the height of his career. Under his rule, Majapahit extended its power throughout the Indonesian archipelago.


Reference:
Wiki



Sri Hayam Wuruk, Maharaja of the Majapahit Empire

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Re: The Majapahit Empire
« Reply #10 on: August 05, 2013, 01:27:55 PM »
Republic Act 8485 (Animal Welfare Act of 1998, Philippines), as amended and strengthened by House  Bill 6893 of 2013--- violation means a maximum of P250,000 fine with a corresponding three-year jail term and a minimum of P30,000 fine and six months imprisonment

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Lorenzo

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Re: The Majapahit Empire
« Reply #11 on: August 05, 2013, 03:57:01 PM »
Indeed, a very big and powerful rock star. ehehe!

Its interesting to see that prior to the arrival of the Spaniards, we Filipinos were actually part of two great Malay Empires in the region: Sri Vijaya and then Majapahit.

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