Author Topic: The Gallipoli Campaign  (Read 1781 times)

islander

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The Gallipoli Campaign
« on: April 25, 2015, 03:16:07 AM »

The Gallipoli Campaign, also known as the Dardanelles Campaign, the Battle of Gallipoli or the Battle of Çanakkale was a campaign of World War I that took place on the Gallipoli peninsula (Gelibolu in modern Turkey) in the Ottoman Empire between 25 April 1915 and 9 January 1916.



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islander

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Re: The Gallipoli Campaign
« Reply #1 on: April 25, 2015, 03:21:37 AM »



The peninsula forms the northern bank of the Dardanelles, a strait that provided a sea route to the Russian Empire, one of the Allied powers during the war. Intending to secure it, Russia's allies Britain and France launched a naval attack followed by an amphibious landing on the peninsula, with the aim of capturing the Ottoman capital of Constantinople (modern Istanbul).[6] The naval attack was repelled and after eight months' fighting, with many casualties on both sides, the land campaign was abandoned and the invasion force was withdrawn to Egypt.

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Re: The Gallipoli Campaign
« Reply #2 on: April 25, 2015, 03:35:07 AM »


Lancashire Fusiliers of the 125th Brigade, 42nd (East Lancashire) Division, bound for Cape Helles, Gallipoli, May 1915. The soldiers have just disembarked aboard Trawler 318 from the transport SS Nile, from the deck of which the photo was taken. (wikimedia)

The campaign was one of the greatest Ottoman victories during the war. In Turkey, it is regarded as a defining moment in the nation's history: a final surge in the defence of the motherland as the Ottoman Empire crumbled.

The struggle formed the basis for the Turkish War of Independence and the declaration of the Republic of Turkey eight years later under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who first rose to prominence as a commander at Gallipoli. The campaign is often considered as marking the birth of national consciousness in Australia and New Zealand and the date of the landing, 25 April, is known as "Anzac Day" which is the most significant commemoration of military casualties and veterans in those two countries, surpassing Remembrance Day (Armistice Day).

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Re: The Gallipoli Campaign
« Reply #3 on: April 25, 2015, 04:33:39 AM »

Former foes honor Gallipoli's fallen on 100th anniversary

GALLIPOLI PENINSULA | By Dasha Afanasieva

(Reuters) - Britain's Prince Charles and Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan led commemorations on the Gallipoli peninsula on Friday to mark the 100th anniversary of a World War One battle that helped shape the birth of new nations.


Flowers and a picture of Captain H. Hunter are seen next to his name on the wall of Cape Helles British Memorial before a ceremony to mark the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Gallipoli, in Gallipoli April 24, 2015. REUTERS/Umit Bektas

Thousands of Australians and New Zealanders have flocked to the peninsula on Turkey's Aegean coast to remember the fallen in an ill-fated Allied campaign a century ago that claimed more than 130,000 lives.

Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott and his New Zealand counterpart John Key are also due to lead commemorations including a dawn service on Saturday at ANZAC Cove, the narrow beach where thousands of soldiers from the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) struggled ashore in April 25, 1915.

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Re: The Gallipoli Campaign
« Reply #4 on: April 25, 2015, 04:37:18 AM »

"Tens of thousands of youths buried their futures in this land," President Tayyip Erdogan told an international ceremony at the main Turkish memorial on the peninsula.

"The soldiers lying in this soil are also our children," he said, a reference to the words of modern Turkey's founder Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, then a young officer, who vowed that the foreign fallen were now lying under friendly soil.

Gallipoli was the first time that soldiers from Australia and New Zealand fought under their own flags and is seared in the national consciousness as a point where their nations came of age, emerging from the shadow of the British empire.


Turkey's President Tayyip Erdogan (3rd R) and Britain's Prince Charles talk before a ceremony to mark the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Gallipoli, in Gallipoli April 24, 2015. REUTERS/Osman Orsal

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Re: The Gallipoli Campaign
« Reply #5 on: April 25, 2015, 04:38:49 AM »

The area has become a site of pilgrimage for visitors from the two countries, who honor their fallen in graveyards halfway around the world on ANZAC Day each year. This year is set to be the largest ever commemoration.

It is also a national touchstone for Turkey, heralding the rise of Ataturk, who as a young officer led the defense. He later founded modern Turkey, the secular republic that emerged from the ruins of the Ottoman empire.

"The Battle of Gallipoli is truly a reminder that the Great War was truly a world war...It destroyed old empires and created new fissures," Prince Charles said in a speech under clear, sunlit skies.

"On this centenary occasion, it seems to me we must remember the heroism of both sides."


Britain's Prince Charles walks in front of the Turkish Memorial before a ceremony to mark the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Gallipoli, in Gallipoli April 24, 2015. REUTERS/Osman Orsal

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Re: The Gallipoli Campaign
« Reply #6 on: April 25, 2015, 05:01:10 AM »

FOES TURNED ALLIES

Security was especially tight at the memorials and graveyards around the peninsula as the former adversaries now face a common threat from Islamist militant violence.

Australian police on Saturday foiled what they said was an Islamic State-inspired attack planned at an event to mark the centenary, a holiday in Australia and New Zealand.

Turkey, which borders Syria and Iraq and has been a major transit route for foreign fighters headed there, is also on alert for potential attacks.



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Re: The Gallipoli Campaign
« Reply #7 on: April 25, 2015, 05:02:01 AM »

Turks mark what they call the Canakkale War on March 18 -- the day in 1915 that saw the start of the main Allied naval assault on the Dardanelles Straits ahead of the ground invasion.

Some 130,000 soldiers perished during the campaign -- 87,000 of them from the Ottoman side -- before the Turks, under German command, finally repulsed an Allied campaign that was hampered by poor planning.

But it would prove to be one of the Turks' few successes in the war. In November 1918, the Allied fleet sailed through the Dardanelles and took Istanbul without a single casualty.

(Additional reporting by Tuvan Gumrukcu in Ankara; Writing by Nick Tattersall; Editing by Angus MacSwan)



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