2nd Level:
Theoretical Level.
This is the level of models and theories. Theories are
premises to account for data, such as the FIRO theory of interpersonal
behavior in groups (Schutz, 1966) or the differential association theory in
the study of crime (Sutherland, 1924). The term model has been used in
many, often confusing ways in the social sciences. Here it refers to a
higher order theory, that is, a representational system at a higher level of
abstraction that can inform and be informed by alternative theories (close
to the framework or worldview that helps guide researchers and has been
identified as a “paradigm†by Thomas Kuhn [1962]). Thus, psychoanalysis
could be seen as a model, a wide lens with which to view and understand
the mysteries of human behavior. Each model carries with it certain
sets of assumptions. In the case of psychoanalysis, these assumptions
include the unifying importance of causal determinism and unconscious
motivation as core constructs. Note that this use of the term model differs
somewhat from the presentation of working models in Chapter 2.
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